274 research outputs found
Mid Ocean Ridge Processes at Very Low Melt Supply : Submersible Exploration of Smooth Ultramafic Seafloor at the Southwest Indian Ridge, 64 degree E - T32C-01
No full textMid-ocean ridges are the Earth's most extensive and active volcanic chains. They are also, particularly at slow spreading rates, rift zones, where plate divergence is in part accommodated by faults. Large offset normal faults, also called detachments, are characteristic of slow-spreading ridges, where they account for the widespread emplacement of mantle-derived rocks at the seafloor. In most cases, these detachments occur together with ridge magmatism, with melt injection and faulting interacting to shape the newly formed oceanic lithosphere. Here, we seek to better understand these interactions and their effects on oceanic accretion by studying the end-member case of a ridge where magmatism is locally almost absent.
The portion of the Southwest Indian ridge we are studying has an overal low melt supply, focused to discrete axial volcanoes, leaving almost zero melt to intervening sections of the axial valley. One of these nearly amagmatic section of the ridge, located at 64°E, has been the focus of several past cruises (sampling, mapping and seismic experiments). Here we report on the most recent cruise to the area (RV Pourquoi Pas? with ROV Victor; dec-jan 2017), during which we performed high resolution mapping, submersible exploration and sampling of the ultramafic seafloor and of sparse volcanic formations. Our findings are consistent with the flip-flop detachment hypothesis proposed for this area by Sauter et al. (Nature Geosciences, 2013; ultramafic seafloor forming in the footwall of successive detachment faults, each cutting into the footwall of the previous fault, with an opposite polarity). Our observations also document the extent and geometry of deformation in the footwall of a young axial detachment, the role of mass-wasting for the evolution of this detachment, and provide spectacular evidence for serpentinization-related hydrothermal circulation and for spatial links between faults and volcanic eruptions
Strain localization in oceanic detachment faults : the extreme case of a magma-starved slow spreading ridge
No full textLa partie orientale de la dorsale sud-ouest indienne est particulièrement pauvre en apports magmatiques et constitue de ce fait un laboratoire naturel pour étudier l'accrétion océanique dans une configuration extrême, pour laquelle la divergence des plaques est presque complètement accommodée par le jeu de failles normales à grand rejet. Ces failles, également appelées failles de détachement, exhument des péridotites serpentinisées d'origine mantellaire sur le plancher océanique. Les mécanismes de déformation des roches mantelliques au cours de leur exhumation, avant leur passage dans le domaine de circulation de fluides hydrothermaux, sont peu connus. Nous avons étudié les textures de déformation et les mécanismes de localisation, ainsi que les assemblages minéralogiques associés, dans un corpus de presque 400 échantillons de péridotites serpentinisées draguées pendant la campagne SMoothSeafloor (2010). Tous les échantillons présentent à des degrés variables une déformation hétérogène combinant des mécanismes de déformation cassants (fractures, kinks) et plastiques (extinction ondulante, sous-joints, recristallisation dynamique). L’une des manifestations de cette déformation est la recristallisation syntectonique d’olivines et de pyroxènes au sein de kinks et de microfractures. Ces textures résultent de conditions de hautes contraintes et hautes températures en base de lithosphère, dans la zone d’enracinement des détachements. Ces observations microstructurales ont été intégrées dans un modèle thermomécanique 2D du domaine axial des dorsales lentes, qui explore deux mécanismes d'affaiblissement observés dans les échantillons: la serpentinisation (800°C). La combinaison de ces deux mécanismes permet la reproduction de failles de détachement dans une lithosphère épaisse (20-25 km), avec un relief et une fréquence qui sont consistantes avec celles observées sur notre zone d'étude.The Southwest Indian Ridge in its eastern part has particularly low magmatic inputs and is therefore a natural laboratory to study oceanic accretion in an extreme configuration for which the divergence of the plates is almost completely accommodated by large offset normal faults, also called detachment faults. These faults exhume mantle-derived peridotites. Very little is known about the deformation mechanisms that operate at the lower levels of the lithosphere, prior to serpentinization.We studied the deformation textures, analyze strain localization mechanisms, as well as mineralogical assemblages associated with these mechanisms from a corpus of almost 400 samples of serpentinized peridotites dredged during the SMoothSeafloor cruise (2010). All samples display heterogeneous deformation combining brittle (fracturation, kinks) and plastic mechanisms (undulose extinction, subgrain boundaries, dynamic recrystallization). For example, microfracturation and kinks are locally accompanied by partial recrystallization of the primary minerals into fine-grained aggregates along orthopyroxene grains. These textures result from high stress and high temperature conditions at the base of the lithosphere, where the root of the active detachment.We use these microstructural observations to constrain a 2D thermomechanical model of lithospheric extension, in which we explore two weakening mechanisms seen in the samples: serpentinization (temperatures 800°C). Combining the two, we develop detachment faults in a thick lithospheric context (20-25 km), with fault topography and offsets that are consistent with geological observations in the eastern SWIR
Modes de localisation des déformations dans les Failles de détachement océaniques : le cas extrême d'une dorsale lente à très faible budget magmatique
No full textThe Southwest Indian Ridge in its eastern part has particularly low magmatic inputs and is therefore a natural laboratory to study oceanic accretion in an extreme configuration for which the divergence of the plates is almost completely accommodated by large offset normal faults, also called detachment faults. These faults exhume mantle-derived peridotites. Very little is known about the deformation mechanisms that operate at the lower levels of the lithosphere, prior to serpentinization.We studied the deformation textures, analyze strain localization mechanisms, as well as mineralogical assemblages associated with these mechanisms from a corpus of almost 400 samples of serpentinized peridotites dredged during the SMoothSeafloor cruise (2010). All samples display heterogeneous deformation combining brittle (fracturation, kinks) and plastic mechanisms (undulose extinction, subgrain boundaries, dynamic recrystallization). For example, microfracturation and kinks are locally accompanied by partial recrystallization of the primary minerals into fine-grained aggregates along orthopyroxene grains. These textures result from high stress and high temperature conditions at the base of the lithosphere, where the root of the active detachment.We use these microstructural observations to constrain a 2D thermomechanical model of lithospheric extension, in which we explore two weakening mechanisms seen in the samples: serpentinization (temperatures 800°C). Combining the two, we develop detachment faults in a thick lithospheric context (20-25 km), with fault topography and offsets that are consistent with geological observations in the eastern SWIR.La partie orientale de la dorsale sud-ouest indienne est particulièrement pauvre en apports magmatiques et constitue de ce fait un laboratoire naturel pour étudier l'accrétion océanique dans une configuration extrême, pour laquelle la divergence des plaques est presque complètement accommodée par le jeu de failles normales à grand rejet. Ces failles, également appelées failles de détachement, exhument des péridotites serpentinisées d'origine mantellaire sur le plancher océanique. Les mécanismes de déformation des roches mantelliques au cours de leur exhumation, avant leur passage dans le domaine de circulation de fluides hydrothermaux, sont peu connus. Nous avons étudié les textures de déformation et les mécanismes de localisation, ainsi que les assemblages minéralogiques associés, dans un corpus de presque 400 échantillons de péridotites serpentinisées draguées pendant la campagne SMoothSeafloor (2010). Tous les échantillons présentent à des degrés variables une déformation hétérogène combinant des mécanismes de déformation cassants (fractures, kinks) et plastiques (extinction ondulante, sous-joints, recristallisation dynamique). L’une des manifestations de cette déformation est la recristallisation syntectonique d’olivines et de pyroxènes au sein de kinks et de microfractures. Ces textures résultent de conditions de hautes contraintes et hautes températures en base de lithosphère, dans la zone d’enracinement des détachements. Ces observations microstructurales ont été intégrées dans un modèle thermomécanique 2D du domaine axial des dorsales lentes, qui explore deux mécanismes d'affaiblissement observés dans les échantillons: la serpentinisation (800°C). La combinaison de ces deux mécanismes permet la reproduction de failles de détachement dans une lithosphère épaisse (20-25 km), avec un relief et une fréquence qui sont consistantes avec celles observées sur notre zone d'étude
Languages and Worldview
No full textThis work was created as part of the University of Missouri’s Affordable and Open Access Educational Resources Initiative (https://www.umsystem.edu/ums/aa/oer).I. Language and Culture: Concepts and DefinitionsII. Conveying MeaningIII. The Ethnolinguistic PerspectiveIV. Language, Worldviews, and Intercultural CommunicationAsks and answers questions about what culture entails and examines the fundamental properties and intertwining nature of language and culture. This text explores linguistic relativity, lexical differences among languages and intercultural communication, including high and low contexts.Changes to a variety of OER works were made by Manon Allard-Kropp in the Department of Language and Cultural Studies to tailor the text to fit the needs of the Languages and World View course at the University of Missouri-St. Louis. Materials from the original sources have been combined, reorganized, and added to by the current author, and any conceptual or typographical errors are the responsibility of the current author
Comparative Study of Jule Massenet's Manon and Giacomo Puccini's Manon Lescaut
No full text본 논문에서는 아베 프레보 (Abbe´ Pre´vost, 1697-1763)의 소설 “마농 레스코와 기사 데 그리외의 이야기(L'histoire du chevalier des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut,1731)”는 많은 대중들에게 인기를 얻었고, 시대를 뛰어넘어 작곡가들에게 오페라 소재로 선택되어졌다. 특히, 쥘 마스네(Jule Massenet, 1842-1912)의 오페라 「마농」(Manon)과 지아코모 푸치니(Giacomo Puccini, 1858-1924)의 오페라 「마농 레스코」(Manon Lescaut)는 대표적으로 지금까지 대중에게 많은 사랑을 받고 있다.
본 논문에서는 19세기 후반 프랑스와 이탈리아의 당시 유행했던 오페라 양식과 음악어법이 잘 나타난 이 두 작품을 통하여 하나의 소재에 의해 각기 다른 대본가와 작곡가의 성향에 따라 창조되어진 오페라의 구성, 줄거리 및 각 등장인물의 차이점에 대해 연구하였고, 피날레 부분의 이중창을 중심으로 선율, 화성, 리듬, 템포 등의 측면에서 분석하여 두 작곡가의 음악적 스타일을 비교 연구하였다.
마스네는 전체를 5막으로, 푸치니는 4막으로 구성하였다. 두 작품 모두 1막의 배경과 내용면에 있어 공통되지만 마스네의 작품 제 2막, 3막, 4막의 배경과 푸치니의 작품 제 2막, 3막에서 배경과 시간 흐름에 있어 전개의 차이점을 보였다. 두 작품의 비극적 결말을 맺는 피날레 이중창부분에 있어 마스네의 선율은 가사에 비중을 두어 프랑스어의 뉘앙스를 살린 낭송조의 선율로 나타내 말하는 듯한 표현을 대체로 짧은 악구로 형성하였고, 반주부는 장면과 감정을 묘사하는 방식으로 표현되었다. 반면 푸치니의 성악 선율은 음악에 더 비중을 두어 선율의 악구가 길고 성악 선율이 반주부에 포함된 부분이 많이 보였다. 또한 감정을 극대화 하기위해 대체로 음역이 넓고 풍부한 화성을 사용하여 마스네보다는 극의 긴장감이 더 느껴졌다.
이와 같이 하나의 원작을 가지고 각기 다른 대본가와 작곡가에 의해 새롭게 창조된 두 오페라를 통해 19세기 프랑스와 이탈리아의 시대적 배경과 음악어법에 따라 표현되어진 방법의 차이점을 알 수 있었다.;It was in 1731 that the French author Abbe´ Pre´vost (1697-1763) published "Histoire du Chevalier des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut." The work enjoyed much popularity among the public, and inspired various composers to write operas based on the novel. Especially, Manon by Jule Massenet (1842-1912) and Manon Lescaut by Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924) are considered representative works among such, and are dearly loved by the opera fans to this day.
In this research, the two works, which incorporate the opera forms and styles common in the late nineteenth-century France and Italy, are analyzed and compared. Although based on the same original novel, the two operas are constructed uniquely by different librettists and composers. The musical characteristics of the two composers are compared through the analysis of the musical structures, plots, and main characters of the two operas as well as the melody, harmony, rhythm, and tempo in the duet finales.
In terms of structure, Massenet's Manon consists of five acts, and Puccini's Manon Lescaut consists of four. They share a common scene and plot in the first act; however, Massenet's second, third, and fourth act differ from Puccini's second and third act in time featured and backgrounds. In Massenet's duet finale of tragic ending, melody places emphasis on the text; Massenet uses parlando style well-suited to the French language, and short motifs for the speech-like expressions; the accompaniment describes the scene and the emotions. However, in Puccini's, vocal melody places more emphasis on the music; the phrases in the melody tend to be long; the vocal melody is often included in the accompaniment. Puccini also uses rich harmony, wide in range, in order to dramatize the emotions, thus creating more dramatic tension than Massenet in his work.
Therefore, by examining the two operas based on the same novel, but recreated by different librettists and composers, the contrasting qualities of the historical background and the musical idioms of the nineteenth-century France and Italy are portrayed and brought out.Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 3
A. 19세기 프랑스 오페라와 이탈리아 오페라 = 3
B. J. Massenet 와 G. Puccini의 음악 = 12
Ⅲ. J. Massenet 의 오페라 「마농」과 G. Puccini 의 오페라 「마농 레스코」 에 관한 연구 = 23
A. 작품 개요 및 줄거리 = 23
B. 오페라 구성 = 33
C. 소설 “마농 레스코와 기사 데 그리외의 이야기” 와 비교 = 36
Ⅳ. 피날레 이중창을 통한 두 작품의 비교 = 44
A. 마스네「마농」과 푸치니「마농 레스코」의 이중창 분석 = 44
B. 이중창 비교 = 88
Ⅴ. 결론 = 90
참고문헌 = 93
ABSTRACT = 9
« Dans le métro, on n’est pas lesbiennes ». Rendre compte des violences lesbophobes dans les transports par un documentaire : Visibles
No full textDans le documentaire Visibles, coréalisé en 2022 par Manon Marguerit et Félix Cardoso, huit couples de lesbiennes évoquent les violences qu’elles subissent dans les transports en commun franciliens. Dans son article, l’autrice revient sur les conditions de production du documentaire et sur les choix de mise en scène. Ces éléments apportent un éclairage nouveau sur la façon dont les transports en commun intensifient les violences lesbophobes. Par des entretiens et des itinéraires filmés, les transports sont donnés à voir comme des espaces d’enfermement qui favorisent les « stigmatisations verbales » à l’égard des lesbiennes. Ils apparaissent également comme un espace où se déploie leur agentivité : les couples produisent une performance de visibilité que le documentaire restitue dans le contexte d’une mise en scène autour de la notion d’autonomisation.In the documentary Visibles, co-directed in 2022 by Manon Marguerit and Félix Cardoso, eight lesbian couples talk about the violence they experience in public transport in the Paris region. In her paper, the author, looks back at the documentary’s production conditions and directorial choices. Those elements shed a new light on the way public transport intensifies lesbophobic violence. Through interviews and filmed itineraries, transport is depicted as a closed-in space that reinforces « verbal stigmatization » towards Lesbians. They also appear as a space where their agentivity is deployed. The documentary portrays the couples’s performance of visibility in a setting based on the notion of empowerment.En el documental Visibles, codirigido en 2022 por Manon Marguerit y Félix Cardoso, ocho parejas de lesbianas hablan de la violencia que viven en el transporte público de la región de Isla de Francia. En su artículo, la autora analiza las condiciones de producción del documental y las elecciones de puesta en escena. Estos elementos arrojan nueva luz sobre la forma en que el transporte público intensifica la violencia lesbofóbica. A través de entrevistas e itinerarios filmados, los transportes se muestran como espacios de encierro que promueven la « estigmatización verbal » contra las lesbianas. También aparecen como un espacio donde se despliega su agentividad : las parejas producen un espectáculo de visibilidad que el documental restituye en el contexto de una puesta en escena en torno a la noción de autonomización
Hydrous fluids down to the semi-brittle root zone of detachment faults in nearly amagmatic ultra-slow spreading ridges
No full textAt the Eastern part of the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR), plate divergence is accommodated by large offset normal faults, also called detachment faults, that exhume mantle-derived rocks on the seafloor. A third of the ultramafic samples dredged on- and off-axis in this nearly amagmatic ridge setting present amphibole-bearing secondary mineralogical assemblages indicative of hydration, and for the most part predating the growth of serpentine minerals. The deepest evidence of hydration is the occurrence of small amounts of syn-kinematic amphibole in microshear zones with strongly reduced grain size, which record deformation at high stress and high temperatures (>800 °C) at the root zone of the detachment. The composition of these amphiboles is consistent with a hydrothermal origin, suggesting that seawater derived fluids percolated down to the root of detachment faults, at the Brittle-Ductile Transition (BDT). We propose that the constant exhumation of new mantle material to the seafloor, and the limited lifetime of each detachment (1–3 Myrs) prevent a more pervasive deep hydration of mid-ocean ridge detachment root regions, as proposed at transform fault plate boundaries
A Framework for Indoor Localization Using the Magnetic Field
No full textIn this work, our focus is on indoor localization using the indoor magnetic field as a source of position information. This relies on the fact that ferromagnetic materials inside buildings cause the magnetic field to vary spatially. We jointly estimate the pose of a combined sensor module (containing a magnetometer) as well as the magnetic field map. We show that our previously developed algorithm for magnetic field-based simultaneous localization and mapping can be adapted and extended into a general framework where a multitude of measurements can be included. We exemplify this using a foot-mounted inertial measurement unit where we additionally assume the availability of range measurements.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Team Manon Ko
- …
