73 research outputs found

    Leveraging free carriers effects for infrared photonic structures and devices

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    In this work, three types of novel photonic devices/structures were developed. The first one is a metal grating structure that combines the characters of ‘moth-eye’ structure and an extraordinary optical transmission grating. Therefore it has the capability to provide a uniform electrical distribution while simultaneously reducing the optical reflection loss. It can be applied to the active optoelectronic devices which require both optical and electrical access. The second device is a slot waveguide made with a hybrid doped semi-conductor/metal architecture. Our waveguide takes advantage of the doped semiconductor, which has highly controllable optical response as a designer plasmonic material in the mid-infrared. The local wavelength of the mode that propagates in the waveguide can be expanded at a selected frequency. Therefore the waveguide can function as a photonic wire, which potentially enables the design and fabrication of an integrated metatronic circuit. The third device is a room-temperature photodetector based on a resonant RF circuit. It consists a microstrip busline and a split-ring resonator that is capacitively coupled to the busline; the RF circuit is built on a semiconductor substrate, with the great flexibility of changing the underlying material system by epitaxial growth. We experimentally investigated the responsivity of this type of detector and concluded that both the material and the geometry will have great impact on the detector response. This detector architecture offers the potential for multiplexing arrays of detectors on a single read-out line; it also can allow us to perform carrier dynamics characterization of semiconductor materials.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2018-12-01The student, Runyu Liu, accepted the attached license on 2016-11-23 at 13:28.The student, Runyu Liu, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2016-11-23 at 14:14.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2016-11-28 at 13:35.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10310 on 2017-02-28 at 14:36:43Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-01T16:36:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 LIU-DISSERTATION-2016.pdf: 10986617 bytes, checksum: 60aff26f05a5b09ba07cd89009e045b6 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4206 bytes, checksum: d6d4b8b9e5787f053c8e5fcaebb1d73e (MD5) PROQUEST_LICENSE.txt: 4552 bytes, checksum: 173fed2c7c737d0398c0702512ac239e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-28Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 98598 Lift date: 2019-03-01T16:37:19Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 98598 on 2019-03-02T10:15:18Z

    Design of multidimensional nanophotonic materials with improved performance and functionalities

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    Multi-dimensional (2D and 3D) architectures with characteristic feature sizes on the order of a micrometer and below can exhibit extraordinary properties that are not present in their non-structured counterparts. Of particular interest are 3D microstructures, which have been found promising due to their unique photonic, electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties. Due to their unique potential to control the propagation of light in all directions, it is the photonic properties of three-dimensionally microstructure materials, so-called 3D photonic crystals (3D PhCs), that have attracted the greatest amount of attention. Although 3D PhCs have been suggested to have great promise, in practice they have been limited by both the properties of the available constituent materials and difficulties in processing materials with feature sizes small enough to impact visible and near IR wavelengths. This thesis will thus focus on developing novel techniques to overcome some long-lasting processing challenges in the 3D PhCs community and provide 3D structures that may also be of interest for their electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties. As an overview, in Chapter One we will first introduce the background of PhCs as well as the current achievements and challenges. In Chapters Two to Chapter Four, we will show 1) how a newly developed transfer printing method can be used to enrich the functionalities of 3D PhCs made by holographic lithography (Chapter Two) and 2) how metallic alloy systems may be more interesting than pure metals for 3D metallic PhCs under elevated temperature (Chapter Three & Four). Based on the learnings in these two chapters, we will then continue our discussions in Chapter Five to Chapter Seven on how electrochemical approaches can become powerful in creating novel structures with superior electronic and photonic properties that can potentially lead to a significant improvement in the technology field. Finally, additional to the design of static photonic devices made with solid materials, in Chapter Eight, the design of a new dynamic controllable 3D PhC based on reconfigurable microplasma arrays is simulated and experimentally presented. The unifying theme of this thesis is therefore to build a better understanding of how light and materials with complex structures will interact and make an impact on the development of 3D PhCs as well as other nanophotonic technologies.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2020-05-01The student, Runyu Zhang, accepted the attached license on 2018-04-16 at 13:19.The student, Runyu Zhang, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2018-04-16 at 13:36.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2018-04-17 at 17:03.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12275 on 2018-08-31 at 17:19:05Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:36:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 ZHANG-DISSERTATION-2018.pdf: 5964979 bytes, checksum: f1be1642150d81e48b037baeb0a34fb0 (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4208 bytes, checksum: ce9b49b1a09fb8ea793cabc755e87c86 (MD5) RightsLink Printable License.pdf: 102378 bytes, checksum: d95587ccdc6f2fc477215b8c463b069b (MD5) Rightslink? by Copyright Clearance Center.pdf: 138178 bytes, checksum: c622ec93464c1962bf7f2df7dd9dc23f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-17Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107256 Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:37:00Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107256 Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:42:08Z Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 107256 on 2020-09-05T09:15:23Z

    Complete Measurement of the Top-quark Polarization in T-channel Single Top-quark Production Using Pp Collisions at 13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

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    The top quarks are undoubtedly one of the most promising and experimentally relevant probes into finding new physics. They can be produced in charged-current electroweak processes via a W tb vertex. Its unique mass scale led to a late discovery in experiment — until 1995 at the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider at Fermilab on the events from top pair production. The observation of the electroweak single top process was established even later — in 2009, also at Fermilab based on 2.3 fb-1 and 3.2 fb-1 of CDF/DØ data. Nowadays, the high energy proton-proton collider — the Large Hardon Collider (LHC), with a data set of 139 fb-1 from the ATLAS detector, makes it possible to perform precision measurements on top quarks using both tt ̄and single top channels. At the LHC, electroweak production of single top quarks in the t-channel leads, in the standard model, to a high degree of top quark polarization. Two subprocesses, ub ! dt and db ! u ̄t contribute to t-channel production of single top, while the charge-conjugate processes contribute to production of antitop. The top (antitop) quark spin is expected to be polarized along(opposite to) the direction of the light-quark momentum. In this thesis I present a measurement of the top quark polarization produced within a fiducial region of acceptance, using an integrated luminosity 139 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV, collected by the ATLAS detector. The top decay chain: t->W+b-> l+mu+b, include a lepton, a neutrino and a b quark in the final state, which interact with the ATLAS detector, allowing the top quark to be fully reconstructed. From the angular distribution of the top quark decay products, we obtain all three components of the polarization of both top quarks and top anti-quarks

    Angular analyses of t-channel single top production and decay

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    Angular analyses of t-channel single top production and decay Electroweak production of single top in the t-channel at the LHC yields large samples of polarized top quarks which can be used to accurately constrain the Wtb vertex. This vertex can be parameterized in terms of complex anomalous couplings VLV_L, VRV_R, gLg_L, and gRg_R, which enter into an effective Lagrangian. A series of analyses carried out with the ATLAS detector aims at improving constraints on these parameters. These are generally based on Fourier techniques in angular variables of the top decay kinematics. Four angles completely describe the kinematics of production of single top in the t-channel and its subsequent semileptonic decay. An analysis of a double-differential single top decay rate based on 4.6 fb1^{-1} of proton-proton collisions at 7 TeV uses spherical harmonics as the basis functions in an angular analysis. A followup analysis based on 20.2 fb1^{-1} of data at 8 TeV of the triple differential decay rate uses higher orthogonal functions designated as MM-functions of three angles for a more complete characterization of the Wtb vertex. This poster compares these analyses and discusses the phenomenological basis of an analysis of the quadruple differential rate of production and decay of top quarks in the t-channel, using MM-functions of four angles, which can be applied to the 13 TeV datasets presently available

    Robust electron spin qubit control in a nanowire double quantum dot

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    Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s).Robust and efficient manipulation of electron spin qubits in quantum dots is of great significance for the reliable realization of quantum computers and execution of quantum algorithms. In this paper, we study the robust control on a singlet-triplet qubit based on inverse engineering, one technique of shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA), in a nanowire double quantum dot in the presence of magnetic field and strong spin-orbit coupling. The optimization of STA with respect to the systematic errors, contributed from the control field and the perturbative interaction, is explored. Moreover, we also apply optimal control techniques combining with STA, referred to as robust inverse optimization, to design optimal control fields and optimal operation time. This article is part of the theme issue 'Shortcuts to adiabaticity: theoretical, experimental and interdisciplinary perspectives'.We acknowledge financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant no. 12075145 and the QUANTEK project (ELKARTEK program from the Basque Government, expedient no. KK-2021/00070). AcknowledgementsPeer reviewe

    Early animal evolution and highly oxygenated seafloor niches hosted by microbial mats

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    © 2019, The Author(s). The earliest unambiguous evidence for animals is represented by various trace fossils in the latest Ediacaran Period (550–541 Ma), suggesting that the earliest animals lived on or even penetrated into the seafloor. Yet, the O2 fugacity at the sediment-water interface (SWI) for the earliest animal proliferation is poorly defined. The preferential colonization of seafloor as a first step in animal evolution is also unusual. In order to understand the environmental background, we employed a new proxy, carbonate associated ferrous iron (Fecarb), to quantify the seafloor oxygenation. Fecarb of the latest Ediacaran Shibantan limestone in South China, which yields abundant animal traces, ranges from 2.27 to 85.43 ppm, corresponding to the seafloor O2 fugacity of 162 μmol/L to 297 μmol/L. These values are significantly higher than the oxygen saturation in seawater at the contemporary atmospheric pO2 levels. The highly oxygenated seafloor might be attributed to O2 production of the microbial mats. Despite the moderate atmospheric pO2 level, microbial mats possibly provided highly oxygenated niches for the evolution of benthic metazoans. Our model suggests that the O2 barrier could be locally overcome in the mat ground, questioning the long-held belief that atmospheric oxygenation was the key control of animal evolution

    Hydrogenation of dimethyl carbonate to methanol by trans -[Ru(H) 2(PNN)(CO)] catalysts: DFT evidence for ion-pair-mediated metathesis paths for C-OMe bond cleavage

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    Milstein and co-workers have reported that the pincer complexes trans-[Ru(H)2(PNN)(CO)] catalyze the unprecedented homogeneous hydrogenation of dimethyl carbonate to methanol. A mechanism for this reaction was proposed on the basis of (i) carbonyl group insertion into one of the Ru-H bonds to produce the six-coordinate trans-[Ru(OCH(OMe)2)(H)(PNN)(CO)] intermediate and (ii) a metal-ligand cooperative transformation, involving proton transfer from the phosphine arm of the PNN ligand to a methoxy group of the Ru-coordinated [OCH(OMe)2]- anion along with cleavage of a C-OMe bond, to produce methanol and an O-bound methyl formate complex of the dearomatized square-pyramidal form of the catalyst, [Ru(H)(PNN)(CO)]. We investigate herein the possibility of an alternative reaction pathway proceeding as (i) an outer-sphere hydride transfer from [Ru(H)2(PNN)(CO)] to the carbonyl of dimethyl carbonate to give an ion pair of the cationic metal fragment and the [OCH(OMe)2]- anion in which the C-H bond is facing the metal center, (ii) reorientation of the [OCH(OMe) 2]- anion within the intact ion pair to coordinate a methoxy group to the metal, and (iii) C-OMe bond cleavage (methoxide abstraction by the cationic ruthenium center) to yield methyl formate and trans-[Ru(H)(OMe)(PNN)(CO)]. Using DFT calculations applied at the M06 and ωB97X-D levels with a polarizable continuum representing THF as solvent, we calculate the energy profile of this pathway to be significantly lower than the metal-ligand cooperative pathway. The analogous pathway is also favored for the reaction of [Ru(H)2(PNN)(CO)] with methyl formate. The new mechanism corresponds to a direct metathesis transformation in which a hydride and an alkoxide are exchanged between a metal center and a carbonyl group via an outer sphere ion pair formation and reorientation of the alkoxide anion. The calculations also indicate that the metathesis can proceed indirectly via outer sphere ion pair mediated carbonyl insertion of dimethyl carbonate and methyl formate to give [Ru(H)(OCH(OMe)2)(PNN)(CO)] and [Ru(H)(OCH 2OMe)(PNN)(CO)], respectively, as intermediates, followed by ion pair mediated deinsertion of methyl formate or formaldehyde. 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    Measurement of cross-sections for production of a ZZ boson in association with a flavor-inclusive or doubly bb-tagged large-radius jet in proton-proton collisions at s=13\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

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    We present measurements of cross-sections for production of a leptonically decaying ZZ boson in association with a large-radius jet in 13 TeV proton-proton collisions at the LHC, using 36 fb136~\mathrm{fb}^{-1} of data from the ATLAS detector. Integrated and differential cross-sections are measured at particle-level in both a flavor-inclusive and a doubly bb-tagged fiducial phase-space. The large-radius jet mass and transverse momentum, its kinematic relationship to the ZZ boson, and the angular separation of bb-tagged small-radius track-jets within the large-radius jet are measured. This measurement constitutes an important test of perturbative quantum chromodynamics in kinematic and flavor configurations relevant to several Higgs boson and beyond-Standard-Model physics analyses. The results highlight issues with modeling of additional hadronic activity in the flavor-inclusive selection, and a distinction between flavor-number schemes in the bb-tagged phase-space.Comment: 44 pages in total, author list starting page 27, 5 figures, 2 tables, published as Phys. Rev. D. 108 (2023) 1, 012022. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-37

    Measurement of the c-jet mistagging efficiency in ttˉt\bar{t} events using pp collision data at s=13\sqrt{s}=13 TeV\text {TeV} collected with the ATLAS detector

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    International audienceA technique is presented to measure the efficiency with which c-jets are mistagged as b-jets (mistagging efficiency) using ttˉt\bar{t} events, where one of the W bosons decays into an electron or muon and a neutrino and the other decays into a quark–antiquark pair. The measurement utilises the relatively large and known WcsW\rightarrow cs branching ratio, which allows a measurement to be made in an inclusive c-jet sample. The data sample used was collected by the ATLAS detector at s=13\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV\text {TeV} and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb1^{-1}. Events are reconstructed using a kinematic likelihood technique which selects the mapping between jets and ttˉt\bar{t} decay products that yields the highest likelihood value. The distribution of the b-tagging discriminant for jets from the hadronic W decays in data is compared with that in simulation to extract the mistagging efficiency as a function of jet transverse momentum. The total uncertainties are in the range 3–17%. The measurements generally agree with those in simulation but there are some differences in the region corresponding to the most stringent b-jet tagging requirement
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