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No full textVersion: 1.0.0
Imports: utils, minimalRSD, stats
Published:2017-03-21
Author: Shwetank Lall [aut, cre], Arpan Bhowmik [ctb], Eldho Varghese [aut], Seema Jaggi [ctb], Cini Varghese [ctb]
Maintainer: Shwetank Lall
License: GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)]
NeedsCompilation: no
Citation: FMC citation info
In views: ExperimentalDesignAn R package to generate cost effective minimally changed run sequences for symmetrical as well as asymmetrical factorial designsNot Availabl
Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) bolpurensis Bhowmik & Karmakar 2021, sp. nov.
No full textTyphlodromus (Anthoseius) bolpurensis sp. nov. (Figs 63–67, 114–116) Female (n =4). Diagnosis. Dorsal shield is highly sclerotised and imbricated. Idiosomal setal pattern 12A: 8A. All setae are small to medium in length, Z5 longest. All the marginal setae of the dorsal shield are serrated while the dorsocentral setae are smooth except setae j1 and j3. Spermatheca cup-shaped with prominent bent neck and bean-shaped atrium. Posterior margin of sternal shield is inconspicuous and ventrianal shield is pentagonal in shape. Dorsum (Fig. 63). Dorsal shield 323 (321–328) long and 163 (161–166) wide, strongly sclerotised and imbricated, with six pairs of solenostomes (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd5, gd8 and gd9); 18 pairs of dorsal setae and two pairs of sublateral setae: j1 18 (16–20), j3 15 (14–16), j4 11 (10–12), j5 11 (10–12), j6 13 (12–15), J2 15, J5 12, z2 13, z3 15, z4 15, z5 11, Z4 20, Z5 32, s4 16, s6 18, S2 18, S4 21, S5 21, r3 15, R 1 15. All the marginal setae of dorsal shield are serrated while the dorsocentral setae are smooth except setae j1 and j3. Seta Z5 is longest. Peritreme (Fig. 63). Extending forward up to the bases of j1. Venter (Fig. 64). All shields smooth, sternal shield 63 long and 65 wide at level of setae ST1–ST3 and ST3–ST3 respectively, with three pairs of setae and two pairs of lyrifissures; one pair of setae (ST4) on the metasternal plates with conspicuous lyrifissures. Distances between ST2–ST2 53, ST5–ST5 50. Two pairs of metapodal shields, primary shield 23 long, secondary shield 10 long. Ventrianal shield pentagonal, 113 long, 85 wide at level of ZV2 setae and 75 wide at level of anus; with four pairs of pre-anal setae, JV1, JV2, JV3 and ZV2, with one pair of pre-anal pores anterior to anal opening. Membrane surrounding ventrianal shield with four pairs of setae: ZVl, ZV3, JV4 and JV5; the latter 28 long, serrated. Chelicera (Fig. 65). Fixed digit 28 long, with five teeth, pilus dentilis indistinct, and movable digit 28 long, with two teeth. Spermatheca (Fig. 66). Calyx bell-shaped 6 long with a narrow neck atrium bean-shaped with minor and major ducts distinctly visible. Legs (Fig. 67). Legs IV with three smooth macrosetae and of the following lengths: SgeIV 15, StiIV 16, StIV 20. Chaetotactic formula of genu II: 1 2/1, 2/0 1; genu III: 1 2/0, 2/1 1. Length of leg I: 253, leg II: 213, leg III: 205, leg IV: 300. Type Specimen. Holotype: Female (Acarol.lab/ BCKV /8283/2017), collected from Atashi flower, Calpurnia aurea (Fabaceae), at Surul, Bolpur: 23°40’13.04” N, 87°39’25.03” E, 58 m above mean sea level, Birbhum, West Bengal on 14 October 2017. Three female paratype (Acarol.lab/ BCKV /8630–8632/2017), collected from same location with same host similar to the holotype on 22 August 2019. Holotype and paratype female (Acarol.lab/ BCKV /8630/2017) have been deposited in the National Zoological Collection (NZC), Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata with same collection data as above. Distribution. Asia: India, West Bengal. Etymology. The specific name bolpurensis refers to the locality, Bolpur in the Birbum district of West Bengal and is famous for Viswavarati University from where the type of this species was collected. Remarks. Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) bolpurensis is close to T. (Amblydromella) homalii Gupta, 1970; T. (Anthoseius) carambolae Karmakar & Bhowmik, 2018 and T. (Amblydromella) chrysanthemi Gupta, 1977c but differs in dorsal setal shape, posterior margin of the sternal shield, shape of the genital and ventrianal shields, and shape and length of macrosetae on leg IV. The setae Z4 and Z5 of the new species are shorter and with pointed tips while in the latter species, Z4 and Z5 they are longer and with knobbed tip. All the z -Z and s -S series setae of the former species are serrated while except Z4 and Z5 all the setae of the latter species are smooth.Published as part of Bhowmik, Sagarika & Karmakar, Krishna, 2021, Five new species and re-description of eight species belonging to the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from West Bengal, India, pp. 401-450 in Zootaxa 4975 (3) on pages 433-435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4975.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/480780
Euseius astrictus Karmakar & Bhowmik 2018, sp. nov.
No full textEuseius astrictus sp. nov. (Figs 43–49, 92–93) Female (n = 10). Dorsum (Fig. 43). Dorsal shield 342, 340 (335–345), long and 238, 236 (230–241), wide, strongly reticulated, with lateral parallel lines, broader at the prodorsum with lateral irregular extension at the prominent waist region, with five pairs of solenostomes (gd2, gd5, gd6, gd8 and gd9); 17 pairs of dorsal setae and two pairs of sublateral setae: j1 37, 37 (37–38), j3 37, 37 (36–38), j 4 12, 13 (11–15), j 5 14, 14 (14–15), j 6 17, 16 (15–17), J 2 17, 18 (16–20), J5 7, 7 (7–8), z 2 25, 26 (25–27), z 4 29, 29 (28–30), z 5 13, 14 (13–15), Z 1 17, 17 (16–18), Z 4 25, 24 (24–25), Z5 71, 68 (63–73), s4 35, 37 (34–40), S 2 24, 24 (24–25), S 4 27, 27 (26–28), S5 38, 37 (35–39), r 3 17, 16 (16–17), R 1 14, 14 (14–15). All setae smooth, setae j1, j3, s4, S5 and Z5 are longer where the seta Z5 is the longest and the remaining setae are medium to small. Peritreme (Fig. 43). Extending forward nearly to base of j3. Venter (Fig. 44). All shields smooth, sternal shield 59, 59 (58–60) long and 80, 80 (80–81) wide at level of setae ST1–ST3 and ST3–ST3 respectively, with three pairs of setae and two pairs of lyrifissures; one pair of setae (ST4) on the metasternal plates; posterior margin of sternal shield indistinct. Distances between ST2–ST2 63, 64 (62–65), ST5–ST5 76, 77 (76–78). One pairs of metapodal shields, primary shield 25, 24 (24–25) long. Ventrianal shield 108, 107 (105–109) long, 49, 50 (48–51) wide at level of ZV2 setae and 80, 80 (79–81) wide at level of anus; with three pairs of pre-anal setae, JV1, JV2 and ZV2, and one pair of large elliptical pre-anal pores. Membrane surrounding ventrianal shield with four pairs of setae: ZVl, ZV3, JV4 and JV5; the latter 40, 41 (38–43) long, smooth. Chelicera (Figs 45, 92). Fixed digit 24, 25 (24–26) long, with three teeth and pilus dentilis; movable digit stout 24, 24 (24–25) long, with one tooth. Spermatheca (Figs 46, 93). Calyx tubular, elongate thick at the middle part, constricted 12, 12 (11–13) long, atrium indistinct, major duct visible. Legs (Fig. 47). Legs IV with three smooth macrosetae with blunt rounded tip, the terminal parts of which are transparent and of the following lengths: genu 48, 49 (47–50), tibia 43, 44 (42–45), basitarsus 65, 64 (63–65). Chaetotactic formula of genu II: 1–2/1, 2/0–1; genu III: 1–2/1, 2/0–1. Length of leg I: 371, 369 (363–375), leg II: 290, 289 (286–292), leg III: 296, 294 (288–300), leg IV: 415, 413 (406–419). Male (n = 3). A lightly sclerotised mite with 19 pairs of dorsal setae. Idiosomal setal pattern: 10A:9B/ JV –3,4: ZV –1,3. Dorsum. Dorsal shield 273, 263 (250–275) long and 165, 176 (163–188) wide, reticulated, with 19 pairs of setae on dorsal shield: j 1 27, 28 (25–30), j 3 32, 29 (25–33), j 4 12, 12 (10–13), j 5 11, 12 (11–13), j 6 14, 15 (13–16), J 2 13, 12 (10–13), J5 8, 7 (6–8), z 2 20, 20 (20–21), z 4 28, 29 (28–30), z 5 12, 12 (11–13), Z 1 18, 17 (16–18), Z 4 18, 18 (18–19), Z5 51, 50 (48–52), s4 37, 38 (37–39), S 2 23, 23 (23–24), S 4 25, 25 (24–26), S 5 29, 30 (28–31), r 3 15, 15 (14–16), R 1 15, 15 (15–16). All setae smooth. Peritreme. Extending forward to base of j3. Venter (Fig. 48). Sternogenital shield with a few lateral lines, ventrianal shield striated. Sternogenital shield with five pairs of setae and three pairs of distinguishable lyrifissures. Ventrianal shield triangular, wide at the anterior part tapering posteriorly 105, 106 (102–110) long, 117, 118 (116–120) wide at the level of ZV2 setae, 74, 73 (70–75) wide at the level of anus, with three pairs of pre-anal setae, JV1, JV2, and ZV2, one pair of pores and two pairs of distinguishable lyrifissures. Unsclerotised membrane surrounding ventrianal shield with one pair of setae, JV5, at level with anal opening. Legs. Leg IV with three smooth macrosetae and of following lengths; genu 37, 38 (36–39), tibia 29, 30 (28–32), basitarsus 50, 51 (48–53). Chaetotactic formula of genu II and genu III are identical to the female. Length of leg I: 353, 355 (350–360), leg II: 238, 242 (235–248), leg III: 249, 251 (245–256), leg IV: 318, 317 (313–321). Chelicera (Fig. 49). Spermatodactyl with an elongated shaft 19, 20 (18–21) long terminating with a toe, 8, 8 (7–9) long. Type specimens. Holotype: female (Acar.lab/BCKV/8254/2017) (Registration number 4407/17, deposited in the NZC, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata) collected from Duranta, Duranta sp., (Verbenaceae) at Namkhana: 21°76’99”N 88°23’15”E, 4 m above mean sea level South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, on 18 March 2017; 2 paratype females (Acar.lab/BCKV/8255 /2017) (Registration number 4408/17 deposited in the NZC, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata) collected from Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus (Moraceae) with same locality and date as holotype female; 6 paratype females (Acar.lab/BCKV/8256, 8258-8260/2017) collected from Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus, (Moraceae), 2 paratype females (Acar.lab/BCKV/8257,8261/2017) collected from Pomegranate, Punica granatum (Punicaceae), at same location and date as holotype; 1 paratype male (Acar.lab/BCKV/8258/ 2017) (Registration number 4409/17 deposited in the NZC, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata) collected from Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus, (Moraceae) at the same locality and collection date as holotype female; 2 paratype males (Acar.lab/BCKV/8259/2017) collected from Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus, (Moraceae) at the same locality and collection date as holotype female. Etymology. The specific name astrictus refers to the unique character of spermatheca where calyx is constricted in this new species. Remarks. E. astrictus is close to E. victoriensis (Womersely, 1954), E. neovictoriensis (Schicha, 1979) and E. unisetus Moraes & McMurtry, 1983 but the former species differs from the latter species in the dorsal shield striation pattern, length of shield setae and shape of spermatheca. In case of the former species the dorsal shield setae S5, Z4, Z5 are longer than all the latter closely related species. The dorsal shield of the former species is strongly reticulated with lateral parallel lines which differs from E. victoriensis and E. neovictoriensis by their smooth and lightly reticulated dorsal shield respectively while in case of E. unisetus the dorsal shield imbricated and without lateral parallel lines. Euseius astrictus is also distinguished from other species of Euseius by its distinct constricted spermatheca.Published as part of Karmakar, Krishna & Bhowmik, Sagarika, 2018, Description of eight new species and re-description of four species belonging to the family Phytoseidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from West Bengal, India, pp. 41-77 in Zootaxa 4422 (1) on pages 58-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/125102
Typhlodromips neosyzygii Bhowmik & Karmakar 2021, sp. nov.
No full textTyphlodromips neosyzygii sp. nov. (Figs 53–57, 108–110) Female (n =3) Diagnosis. Dorsal shield strongly reticulated with lateral striations and light marks of sigilla. Idiosomal setal pattern 10A: 9B/ JV –3: ZV. Setae j4, j5, j6, J2, J5, z2, z4, z5, Z1, S2, S4, S5, r3 and R 1 are short and smooth while j1, j3, s4, Z4 and Z5 are relatively long and smooth except Z4 and Z5 lightly serrated; spermatheca disc-shaped and atrium kidney-shaped with distinct major and minor ducts. Posterior margin of sternal shield concave. Ventrianal shield pentagonal with two pairs of contiguous protruberances at inner lateral margins at the level of anus. Dorsum (Fig. 53). Dorsal shield 325 (313–325) long and 213 (208–213) wide, striated laterally and strongly reticulated in dorsal opisthosomal area, with marks of sigilla and seven pairs of solenostomes (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd5, gd6, gd8 and gd9); 17 pairs of dorsal setae and two pairs of sublateral setae: j1 15 (15–16), j3 21 (19–21), j4 10 (8–10), j5 9 (8–9), j6 11 (10–11), J2 15 (12–15), J5 8 (8–9), z2 12 (10–12), z4 12 (10–12), z5 10 (9–10), Z1 14 (13–14), Z4 33 (32–33), Z5 70 (65–70), s4 22 (20–22), S2 12 (10–12), S4 9 (9–10), S5 8 (7–8), r3 16 (13–16), R 1 12 (11–12). All setae smooth except Z4 and Z5 lightly serrated. Peritreme (Fig. 53). Extending forward up to level of j1. Venter (Fig. 54). All shields smooth. Sternal shield with 55 (55–56) long and 72 (68–72) wide at level setae ST1–ST3 and ST3–ST3 respectively, with three pairs of setae and two pairs of lyrifissures; one pair of setae (ST4) on the membrane; posterior margin concave. Distances between ST2–ST2 65 (61–65), ST5–ST5 68 (64–68). Two pairs of metapodal shields, primary shield 20 (16–20) long, secondary shield small 13 (9–13) long. Ventrianal shield pentagonal 102 (102–105) long, 75 wide at level of JV2 setae and 81 (80–81) wide at level of anus; with three pairs of pre-anal setae, JV1, JV2 and ZV2, two pairs of contiguous protruberances at inner lateral margins at the level of anus and one pair of large elliptical pre-anal pores. Membrane surrounding ventrianal shield with four pairs of setae ZVl, ZV3, JV4 and JV5, the latter 32 (31–32) long smooth. Chelicera (Fig. 55). Fixed digit 26 (26–27) long, with nine teeth, pilus dentilis inconspicuous; movable digit 25 (25–26) long, with two teeth. Spermatheca (Fig. 56). Calyx disc-shaped, 6 (6–7) long. Atrium distinctly kidney-shaped with major and minor duct. Legs (Fig. 57). Legs IV with three smooth macrosetae with pointed tips of the following lengths: SgeIV 45 (40–45), StiIV 28 (28–31), StIV 52 (49–52). Chaetotactic formula of genu II: 2 2/0, 2/0 1; genu III: 1 2/1, 2/0 1. Length of leg I: 293 (293–300), leg II: 263 (263–265), leg III: 263 (263–265), leg IV: 325 (325–340). Type specimen. Holotype: Female (Acar.lab/ BCKV /8296/2018) collected from Maize, Zea mays (Poaceae) at Patiram: 25°20’5.56” N, 88°45’41.11” E, 31 m above mean sea level, Dakshin Dinajpur, West Bengal on 11 April 2018. One paratype female (Acar.lab/ BCKV /8295/2018), same data as holotype. Holotype and paratype female have been deposited in the National Zoological Collection (NZC), Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Distribution. Asia: India, West Bengal. Etymology. The specific name is neosyzygii is given because the present species is very close to T. syzygii. Remarks. Typhlodromips neosyzygii sp. nov. is close to Typhlodromips syzygii (Gupta, 1975) and T. potentilae (Garman, 1958) but differs from them by the length of dorsal shield setae, length of peritreme, shape of ventrianal shield, posterior margin of sternal shield and shape and dentition of cheliceral fixed and movable digit. The dorsal shield setae Z4 of the former species extend near the base of S5 while Z4 reaches half the distance of S 5 in latter species. The peritreme extends up to the base of j 1 in the former species while it extends beyond j 1 in the latter species. The posterior margin of the sternal shield of the former species is concave and slightly wavy while it is smoothly concave in case of the latter species. Also the anterior lateral margins of ventrianal shield are almost parallel with widened lateral margin at anal opening which differs from the latter species. The cheliceral fixed digit of the former species has nine teeth and the moveable digit has two small teeth which do not agree with the latter species, which has more than ten teeth on the fixed digit and three teeth on the movable digit. The shape of the genital shield of former species also differs from the latter species.Published as part of Bhowmik, Sagarika & Karmakar, Krishna, 2021, Five new species and re-description of eight species belonging to the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from West Bengal, India, pp. 401-450 in Zootaxa 4975 (3) on pages 429-431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4975.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/480780
Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) heliotropium Karmakar & Bhowmik 2018, sp. nov.
No full textTyphlodromus (Anthoseius) heliotropium sp. nov. (Figs 67–71, 103–105) Female (n = 10). Dorsum (Fig. 67). Dorsal shield 388, 383 (375–390), long and 200, 206 (198–213), wide, smooth with lateral lines and marks of sigilla, prodorsal part narrower than opisthosma with a deep notch at the waist region with six pairs of solenostomes (gd2, gd4, gd5, gd6, gd8 and gd9); 18 pairs of dorsal setae and two pairs of sublateral setae: j 1 13, 12 (10–13), j 3 11, 13 (10–15), j 4 13, 14 (12–15), j 5 11, 12 (10–13), j 6 13, 12 (12–13), J 2 13, 13 (12–14), J 5 10, 9 (8–10), z 2 10, 11 (10–12), z 3 15, 14 (14–15), z 4 15, 15 (13–16), z 5 10, 11 (10–12), Z 4 11, 12 (10–14), Z 5 17, 17 (17–18), s 4 15, 15 (15–16), s 6 14, 15 (13–16), S 2 14, 15 (13–16), S 4 13, 13 (12–14), S 5 15, 14 (13–15), r 3 14, 15 (13–16), R 1 13, 12 (12–13). All setae short and smooth. Peritreme (Fig. 67). Extending forward to the bases of j3. Venter (Fig. 68). All shields except ventrianal shield are smooth, sternal shield 73, 72 (70–73) long and 71, 72 (70–73) wide at level of setae ST1–ST3 and ST3–ST3 respectively, with three pairs of setae and two pairs of lyrifissures; one pair of setae (ST4) on the metasternal plates; posterior margin of sternal shield concave and bilobed. Distances between ST2–ST2 65, 64 (63–65), ST5–ST5 65, 64 (63–65). Two pairs of metapodal shields, primary shield 30, 32 (28–35) long, secondary shield 12, 12 (10–13) long. Posterior margin of genital shield truncated with a pair of notches at the posterior lateral margin. Ventrianal shield vase-shaped (Fig. 105), 134, 134 (134–135) long, 87, 86 (83–88) wide at level of ZV2 setae and 70, 73 (68–78) wide at level of anus; with three pairs of pre-anal setae, JV1, JV2 and ZV2, and one pair of pre-anal pores. Posterior part surrounding anal opening is reticulated. Membrane surrounding ventrianal shield with four pairs of setae: ZVl, ZV3, JV4 and JV5; the latter 15, 15 (15–16) long, smooth at the level of anal opening. Chelicera (Figs 69, 103). Fixed digit 27, 27 (25–28) long, with 6 teeth anterior two teeth are specifically contiguous; movable digit 27, 27 (25–28) long, with three teeth. Spermatheca (Figs 70, 104). Calyx funnel-shaped, constricted 10, 10 (10–11) long, atrium distinct major duct long, minor duct invisible. Legs (Fig. 71). Legs IV without macrosetae. Chaetotactic formula of genu II: 1 2/0, 2/1 1; genu III: 1 2/1, 2/0 1. Length of leg I: 252, 254 (250–258), leg II: 200, 198 (195–200), leg III: 197, 192 (188–195), leg IV: 252, 257 (250–263). Type Specimens. Holotype: female (Acar.lab/ BCKV /8268/2017) (Registration number 4414/17 deposited in the NZC, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata), collected from Indian Heliotrope, Heliotropium indicum (Boraginaceae) at Kakdwip: 21° 87' 60" N, 88° 18' 53" E, 3 m above mean sea level, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, on 8 April 2017, 9 paratype females (Acar.lab/ BCKV /8268-8272/2017), with same collection data as holotype. Etymology. The specific name heliotropium refers to the host plant, Heliotropium indicum L. from which the type specimens were collected. Remarks. Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) heliotropium is close to T. (A.) kutabus Schicha & Corpuz-Raros, 1992, T. (A.) charactus (Ueckermann, 1996) and T. (A.) eremicus Meyer & Ueckermann, 1989. The former species differs from the latter species by the posterior margins of the sternal shield, and the shape of the genital shield, ventrianal shield and spermatheca. The posterior margin of the sternal shield in the former species is bi-lobed while it is concave and wavy in T. (A.) kutabus. The dorsal opisthosomal region of the latter species is reticulated, but smooth in the former species. In the former species the calyx is funnel-shaped and constricted while it is bell-shaped and without constriction in the latter species. The peritreme of the former species extended to base of j3 while it is extended beyond j 3 in the latter species. The former species also differs from the latter species by the shape of genital shield, number of teeth in the fixed digit of chelicerae and reticulation pattern of ventrianal shield. Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) heliotropium differs from T. (A.) charactus by the shape of the sternal shield, reticulation pattern of the ventrianal shield, shape of spermatheca and length of the peritreme. The posterior margin of the sternal shield in the former species is bi-lobed while in the latter species it has a posterior medial lobe. The anal region of the ventrianal shield in the former species reticulated while it is smooth in the latter species, and the calyx of the spermatheca of the former species is short and funnel-shaped with a constriction at the end of the atrium, which is not found in the latter species. The peritreme extends to j 3 in the former species while it extends to base of j 1 in the latter species. Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) heliotropium differs from T. (A.) eremicus by the convex posterior margin of sternal shield, dorsal opisthosomal reticulation pattern, shape of ventrianal shield and shape of the spermatheca. The peritreme extends to level of z 2 in latter species while it extends to the level of j 3 in the former species.Published as part of Karmakar, Krishna & Bhowmik, Sagarika, 2018, Description of eight new species and re-description of four species belonging to the family Phytoseidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from West Bengal, India, pp. 41-77 in Zootaxa 4422 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/125102
Predicting Vulnerability for Requirements
No full textSoftware security being one of the primary concerns in the software engineering community, researchers are coming up with many preemptive approaches aiming to minimize the vulnerabilities in the software. These approaches, dominated by static and dynamic analysis of the code often with machine learning (ML) techniques, are designed to detect vulnerabilities in the post-implementation stage of the software development life-cycle (SDLC). While they are found to be effective in detecting vulnerabilities, the consequences are often expensive. Accommodating changes after detecting a vulnerability in the system in later stages of the SDLC is very costly, sometimes even infeasible as it may involve changes in design or architecture. Moreover, the root of a vulnerability can often be traced back to the requirements specification. On that account, Imtiaz and Bhowmik have advocated a novel framework to provide an additional measure of predicting vulnerabilities at earlier stages of the SDLC. In this study, we build upon their proposed framework and leverage state-of-the-art ML algorithms to predict vulnerabilities for new requirements. We also present a case study on a large open-source-software (OSS) system, Firefox, evaluating the effectiveness of the extended prediction module. The results demonstrate that the framework could be a viable complement to the traditional yulnerability-fighting approaches
Phytoseius namkhanaensis Karmakar & Bhowmik 2018, sp. nov.
No full textPhytoseius namkhanaensis sp. nov. (Figs 72–78, 106–111) Female (n = 10). Dorsum (Figs 72, 106). Dorsal shield 295, 289 (280–297), long and 157, 149 (138–160), wide strongly sclerotised with irregular to roundish patches over the entire dorsum with four pairs of solenostomes (gd4, gd5, gd8 and gd9); 15 pairs of dorsal setae: j 1 26, 25 (25–26), j 3 25, 25 (24–26), j4 8, 8 (8–9), j5 8, 8 (8–9), j 6 10, 11 (9–12), J 5 10, 9 (9–10), z 2 11, 11 (10–12), z3 33, 32 (30–33), z 4 14, 14 (14–15), z5 8, 7 (7–8), Z4 53, 54 (52–55), Z5 69, 67 (63–70), s4 79, 78 (78–79), s6 81, 82 (80–83), r3 36, 37 (35–38). All setae are serrated except j4, j5, z2, z4, z5, j6 and J5, which are short and smooth while setae s4, s6, Z4 and Z5 are long. Peritreme (Fig. 72). Extending forward beyond the bases of j1. Venter (Fig. 73). All shields smooth, sternal shield 59, 58 (55–60) long and 77, 79 (75–83) wide at level of setae ST1–ST3 and ST3–ST3 respectively, with three pairs of setae and two pairs of lyrifissures; one pair of setae (ST4) on the metasternal plates; posterior margin of sternal shield slightly convex and clearly visible. Distances between ST2–ST2 60, 61 (60–62), ST5–ST5 67, 66 (63–68). One pair of metapodal shields 30, 30 (29–31) long. Ventrianal shield sole-shaped (Fig. 107), 103, 100 (95–105) long, 39, 38 (36–40) wide at level of ZV2 setae and 49, 49 (47–50) wide at level of anus; with three pairs of pre-anal setae, JV1, JV2 and ZV2, one pair of pre-anal pores near lateral margin of ventrianal shield above the line of anal opening. Membrane surrounding ventrianal shield with three pairs of setae: ZVl, ZV3 and JV5; the latter 44, 43 (42–44) long, serrated. Chelicera (Figs 74, 111). Fixed digit 25, 25 (23–26) long, with three teeth, movable digit 25, 25 (23–26) long, with one tooth. Spermatheca (Figs 75, 108). Calyx funnel-shaped, flared at the base of vesicle and narrow at the base of atrium 6 5 (5–6) long, atrium and major duct distinct minor duct not visible. Legs (Fig. 76). Legs IV with three smooth macrosetae with rounded and hyaline tips (Fig. 11) and of the following lengths: genu 17, 16 (15–17), tibia 32, 32 (32–33), basitarsus 23, 23 (21–24). Chaetotactic formula of genu II: 1–2/1, 2/0–1; genu III: 1–2/0, 2/0–1. Length of leg I: 269, 267 (263–270), leg II: 235, 231 (223–238), leg III: 225, 224 (223–225), leg IV: 390, 384 (375–393). Male (n = 3). A lightly sclerotised mite with 15 pairs of dorsal setae. Idiosomal setal pattern: 12A: 3A/ JV –3,4: ZV –1,3. Dorsum. Dorsal shield 198, 195 (190–200), long and 147, 148 (145–150), wide with four pairs of solenostomes (gd4, gd5, gd8 and gd9); 15 pairs of dorsal setae: j 1 17, 17 (17–18), j 3 20, 20 (19–21), j4 7, 6 (5–7), j5 8, 7 (7–8), j6 8, 8 (6–9), J5 7, 6 (5–7), z2 8, 8 (8–9), z 3 17, 18 (16–19), z4 9, 8 (7–9), z5 7, 7 (7–8), Z 4 29, 30 (29–31), Z 5 30, 31 (29–32), s4 42, 41 (39–43), s6 41, 42 (41–43), r 3 28, 27 (27–28). All setae except j4, j5, j6, J5, z2, z4 and z5 are smooth and short while j1, j3, z3, s4, s6, r3, Z4 and Z5 are long and serrated. Setae s4, s6, Z4, and Z5 are very long. Peritreme. Extending beyond level of j1. Venter (Fig. 77). The sternogenital shield smooth with five pairs of setae and two pair of distinguishable lyrifissures. Ventrianal shield 66, 65 (63–67) long, 90, 90 (88–91) wide at the level of ZV2 setae, 65, 64 (63–65) wide at the level of anus, with three pairs of pre-anal setae, JV1, JV2, and ZV2, one pair of pores and a pair of distinguishable lyrifissures. Unsclerotised membrane surrounding ventrianal shield with one pair of setae, JV5, at level below anal opening. Legs. Leg IV with three smooth macrosetae of following lengths; genu 6, 5 (5–6), tibia 7, 7 (6–8), basitarsus 17, 18 (16–19). Chaetotactic formula of genu II: 1 2/1, 2/0 1; genu III: 1 2/0, 2/0 1. Length of leg I: 228, 225 (220–230), leg II: 180, 175 (163–186), leg III: 180, 175 (163–186), leg IV: 275, 275 (272–277). Chelicera (Figs 78, 109). Spermatodactyl with an elongated shaft 12, 12 (12–13) long, terminating with a wide toe, 7 long. Type Specimens. Holotype: female (Acar.lab/ BCKV /8273/2017) (Registration number 4417/17 deposited in the NZC, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata) collected from Guava, Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) at Kakdwip: 21° 87' 60" N, 88° 18' 53" E, 3m above mean sea level, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal on 8 April 2017; 2 paratype females (Acar.lab/ BCKV /8274-8275/2017) with same collection data as holotype; 1 paratype female (Acar.lab/ BCKV /8278/2017) (Registration number 4418/17 deposited in the NZC, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata) collected from Kamini, Murraya paniculata, (Rutaceae) at same locality and collection date as holotype; 1 paratype male (Acarol.lab/ BCKV /8276/2017) (Registration number 4419/17 deposited in the NZC, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata), collected from Guava, Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) and 2 paratype males (Acarol.lab/ BCKV /8277/2017), collected from Tephari at same locality and collection date as holotype female. Etymology. The specific name namkhanaensis refers to the locality where the types of this species were collected. Remarks. Phytoseius namkhanaensis is close to P. chinensis (Wu & Li, 1982), P. corniger (Wainstein, 1959) and P. roseus (Gupta, 1969) but the former species differs from P. chinensis by its shorter j3 25, Z4 54 and Z5 67 than the latter species j3 45, Z4 75 and Z5 85. The former species differs from the latter species by the shape and size of ventrianal shield, macrosetae of leg IV, spermatheca and number of teeth on the fixed digit of chelicerae. The dorsal setae j3 25, s4 78 and Z4 54 of Phytoseius namkhanaensis are much shorter than the setae j3 48, s4 128 and Z4 84 of P. corniger. The former species differs from P. corniger by the shape of ventrianal shield, which is sole-shaped in the former species and vase-shaped in the latter species. The macrosetae on leg IV of the former species are club-shaped in contrast with the rod-shaped macrosetae on leg IV in the latter species. The dorsal shield setae j3 25, s4 78 and Z4 54 of P. namkhanaensis are much shorter than j3 (31–40), s4 (99–100) and Z4 (72–78) of P. roseus. The posterior margin of the sternal shield is convex in the former species while it is concave in the latter species. The genu, tibia and tarsus of leg IV of the former species having club-shaped macrosetae while in the latter species the genu is without any macrosetae.Published as part of Karmakar, Krishna & Bhowmik, Sagarika, 2018, Description of eight new species and re-description of four species belonging to the family Phytoseidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from West Bengal, India, pp. 41-77 in Zootaxa 4422 (1) on pages 69-73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/125102
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Impact performance of unreinforced and geogrid-reinforced rockfall protection embankment
No full textThis study designs and analyzes a Rockfall Protection Embankment (RPE) for an unstable slope in the Indian state of Mizoram. Initially, an in-depth trajectory analysis of the site is conducted to determine impact velocity, bounce height, and kinetic energy of falling rocks. Subsequently, the dimensions of three RPE variants-unreinforced, primary geogrid-reinforced, and secondary geogrid-reinforced configurations are determined based on literature and guidelines. Dynamic analyses are performed on these RPE variants using three-dimensional Finite Element software, PLAXIS 3D. The assessments consider multiple direct impacts and rebound impacts involving the maximum evaluated kinetic energy. Performance is assessed by examining maximum and residual deformations, mobilized tensile forces within geogrid layers, and the number of impacts the RPEs can withstand before reaching a deformation threshold. The results show that the reinforced RPE configurations exhibit significantly enhanced performance, withstanding nearly 20-43 times more impacts than unreinforced ones under both direct and rebound impact conditions. The inclusion of reinforcement layers notably improves the RPEs' ability to mitigate deformations by providing a confining effect to the soil mass and dissipating a part of the impact energy through the geosynthetics' strain and frictional resistance, thus making them more effective for rockfall protection
Parameter Estimation in Semi-Linear Models Using a Maximal Invariant Likelihood Function
No full textIn this paper, we consider the problem of estimation of semi-linear regression models. Using invariance arguments, Bhowmik and King (2001) have derived the probability density functions of the maximal invariant statistic for the nonlinear component of these models. Using these density functions as likelihood functions allows us to estimate these models in a two-step process. First the nonlinear component parameters are estimated by maximising the maximal invariant likelihood function. Then the nonlinear component, with the parameter values replaced by estimates, is treated as a regressor and ordinary least squares is used to estimate the remaining parameters. We report the results of a simulation study conducted to compare the accuracy of this approach with full maximum likelihood estimation. We find maximising the maximal invariant likelihood function typically results in less biased and lower variance estimates than those from full maximum likelihood.Maximum likelihood estimation, nonlinear modelling, simulation experiment, two-step estimation.
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