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Sigambra sundarbanensis Bhowmik & Ghoshal & Salazar-Vallejo & Mandal 2021, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Sigambra sundarbanensis</i> sp. nov. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D315C406-6F83-413C-BFCA-E00A8D83070C</p> <p>Figs 2–5; Table 2</p> Diagnosis <p> A species of <i>Sigambra</i> with median antenna reaching up to chaetigers 3–4, 2–3 times as long as lateral antennae; tentacular segment 3–4 times as wide as long. Pharynx with 14 prismatic projected lobes. Dorsal cirri larger than ventral ones, largest in chaetiger 1. Ventral cirri absent in chaetiger 2. Notopodial hooks start in chaetiger 8, accompanied by notoacicula; neuropodia with various types of capillary chaetae. Parapodial spaces with glandular, tubular structures.</p> Etymology <p>The type locality (river Thakuran) is a tidal estuarine river of the Sundarbans Estuarine System. The epithet of this new species refers to the entire estuarine system, i.e., Indian Sundarbans.</p> Type material <p> <b>Holotype</b> INDIA • complete spec.; river Thakuran, stn T8; 21°39′3.73″ N, 88°30′25.17″ E; depth 26 m; Aug. 2019; Moumita Bhowmik and Sumit Mandal leg.; in sediment; PUZ 501.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b> INDIA • 4 complete specs; river Thakuran, stn T6; 21°45′35.90″ N, 88°29′8.53″ E; depth 10 m; Aug. 2019; Moumita Bhowmik and Sumit Mandal leg.; in sediment; PUZ 502 to PUZ 505 • 3 complete specs; river Thakuran, stn T8; 21°39′3.73″ N, 88°30′25.17″ E; depth 26 m; Aug. 2019; Moumita Bhowmik and Sumit Mandal leg.; in sediment; PUZ 506 to PUZ 508 • 6 complete specs; river Thakuran, stn T8; 21°39′3.73″ N, 88°30′25.17″ E; depth 26 m; Dec. 2019; Moumita Bhowmik and Sumit Mandal leg.; in sediment; PUZ 514 to PUZ 519 • 2 incomplete specs; river Matla, stn M5; 21°45′18.20″ N, 88°38′25.20″ E; depth 11 m; Jan. 2019; Moumita Bhowmik and Sumit Mandal leg.; in sediment; PUZ 490 to PUZ 491.</p> Sampling site and type locality <p> Various environmental factors that characterize the sampling sites are in Table 1. Bottom water salinity ranged from 17.0 in August to 23.42 in January 2019. Sediment temperature was found to be at its maximum in August 2019. Organic enrichment in sediment was moderate, ranging from 0.78 to 1.78%. In terms of granulometry, the study sites are mostly silty with comparatively finer and coarser particles that vary seasonally. The lowest proportion of clay was represented in the soil texture during the monsoon (0.15–0.35%). The sediment texture of the type locality was characterized by a high silt percentage and a lower sand percentage that further decreased in the post-monsoon season (Dec. 2019). Bottom water salinity level varied from 17 to 21 (Table 1). Morphological and morphometric data are in Table 2 and the comparison of the new species with all other accepted species of <i>Sigambra</i> is in Table 3.</p> <p> The holotype of <i>Sigambra sundarbanensis</i> sp. nov. was collected from the river Thakuran (station T 8) and paratypes were collected from both the rivers Thakuran and Matla in January 2019, August 2019 and December 2019. A morphometric analysis was performed for all the collected specimens. Moreover, a global map (Fig. 2) has been presented for all the accepted species of <i>Sigambra</i> based on their type locations.</p> Description <p> <b>Holotype</b> (PUZ 501)</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS. Complete, 5.63 mm long, 0.32 mm wide at chaetiger 8–9 (average width 0.28 mm), 64 chaetigers (Fig. 3A).</p> <p>BODY. Obconic, sub cylindrical along anterior end, depressed thereafter.</p> <p>PROSTOMIUM. Blunt, bilobed, three times as wide as long. Palps biarticulated directed ventrally; palpophores large, palpostyles small. Pharynx exposed with 14 prismatic marginal papillae, tips distinct</p> <p>(Fig. 3C). Antennae cirriform, lateral antennae subdistally located, smaller than median one (Fig. 3B). Median antenna 2.3 times as long as laterals, reaching up to chaetiger 4.</p> <p>TENTACLES. Tentacular segment 3–4 times as wide as long; two pairs of tentacular cirri, dorsal tentacular cirri slightly larger than ventral ones.</p> <p>CIRRI. Parapodial cirri triangular, tapered, foliose, longer than wide. Dorsal cirri longer than ventral cirri throughout, largest in chaetiger 1, reaching up to chaetiger 5 (Fig. 3D). Chaetiger 2 with smallest dorsal cirri, without ventral cirri. Parapodia with reduced notopodia and well developed neuropodia.</p> <p>NOTOPODIA. Include distally curved dorsal hooks from chaetiger 8 (Fig. 3D), head of hook not exposed outside body wall to chaetiger 22, fully exposed from chaetiger 23, continued along body (Fig. 3E) up to last 2 pre-pygidial chaetigers (Fig. 3G). From chaetiger 8 onwards, hooks accompanied with acicula (Fig. 5A–B). Neurochaetae include 2–4 short wide pectinate chaetae with variable number of spinulose or serrated capillaries (Figs 3F, 5A).</p> <p>GLANDS. Parapodial glands starting from chaetiger 5, developed gradually up to chaetiger 60. Each gland with 2–6 large tubular cells, varying in shape and size (Fig. 4B, 5D). These tubular structures converge ventrally from wide base of coelomic ramus. Tubular structures rudimentary (L: 19 µm, W: 11 µm) or fully developed (L: 50 µm, W: 8 µm); inner features unknown.</p> <p>PYGIDIUM. Laterally expanded with 2 ventral cirri, as long as 3–4 median chaetigers (Fig. 3G).</p> <p>OOCYTES. Not seen.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b></p> <p>A total of 13 complete and 2 incomplete paratypes show a minor characteristic variation. They were 2.18–8.91 mm long (5.09 ± 2.29 mm), 0.08–0.41 mm wide (0.15 ± 0.08 mm); median antennae were 0.2–0.57 mm long (0.36 ± 0.11 mm) reaching up to chaetigers 3–4. Oocytes (Figs 4A, 5C) 12–36 µm in diameter (23.33 ± 6.90 μm). Glandular structures in parapodial spaces have been found in most paratypes, they were 14–74 µm long (43.88 ± 17.69 µm) (Table 2). Large tubular glandular cells in chaetigers 47–49 of paratype PUZ 506 are shown in Fig. 4C–D. In other parapodia (chaetigers 12 and 13), tubular cells invade into coelomic space (Fig. 4E–F).</p> Remarks <p> Following the redescription of <i>S</i>. <i>parva</i> by Moreira & Parapar (2002), it can be stated that <i>S. sundarbanensis</i> sp. nov. resembles <i>S. parva</i> Day, 1963. They have similar characteristics, such as median antenna longer than lateral ones, reaching chaetigers 3–4, and pharynx with 14 marginal papillae. However, they differ in several features, the most notable ones being the starting point of the dorsal hooks and the absence of capillary chaetae in the notopodia. In <i>S. sundarbanensis</i> sp. nov., the first appearance of dorsal hooks from chaetiger 8 remains constant in all 16 specimens, irrespective of specimen size. The hooks are accompanied by a single acicula, and the last two chaetigers are hookless. The notopodia are devoid of any capillary chaetae, neuropodia with 2–4 short pectinate chaetae with a variable number of spinulose or serrated capillaries, and the relative size of the median antenna is 2.3 times as long as the lateral ones. In comparison with <i>S. parva</i>, the median antenna is 1.5 times as long as the lateral ones, the notopodial hook starts from chaetigers 4–5 and is accompanied by single capillary chaetae in the posterior parapodial segments, neuropodia with 1–2 pectinate chaetae, but the number of hookless chaetigers is not mentioned in the literature (Day 1963; Moreira & Parapar 2002).</p> Distribution <p> <i>Sigambra sundarbanensis</i> sp. nov. is only known from the rivers Matla and Thakuran of the Indian Sundarbans.</p> Ecology <p>All specimens of this new species were found in mangrove habitats with silty sand sediments, in depths of 11 to 26 m. Mature specimens, with developed oocytes, were recorded in August and December 2019 from Thakuran River. Among all the abiotic factors, salinity plays a pivotal role in ecology and</p> <p> distribution of species across the globe, as this acts as a physiological barrier for both stenohaline and euryhaline species. <i>Sigambra parva</i> was recorded from Cape Province, South Africa (Day 1963) and the Mediterranean coast of Spain (Moreira & Parapar 2002), where the water salinity remains higher than30%, whereas the localities of <i>S. sundarbanensis</i> sp. nov. had a salinity of 17–23.42%. Additionally, <i>S. parva</i> had a comparatively higher range of depth variation from 2 to 97 meters (Day 1963; Moreira & Parapar 2002).</p>Published as part of <i>Bhowmik, Moumita, Ghoshal, Priya, Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. & Mandal, Sumit, 2021, Sigambra sundarbanensis sp. nov. (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Indian sector of Sundarbans Estuarine System, with remarks on parapodial glands, pp. 49-66 in European Journal of Taxonomy 744</i> on pages 51-60, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.744.1301, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4671462">http://zenodo.org/record/4671462</a>
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
FIGURE 3 in Cobbia bengalensis sp. nov. (Xyalidae: Monhysterida) from an eroding island of Sundarban, India
No full textFIGURE 3. Cobbia bengalensis sp. nov. a) holotype male, b) one female paratype, c) anterior end showing amphid, d) anterior region with two rings inside the buccal cavity (arrows), e) buccal cavity, f) spicules & gubernaculum, g) cardia, h) posterior branch of spermatheca (arrow).Published as part of Datta, Tridip Kumar, Bhowmik, Moumita & Choudhury, Amalesh, 2018, Cobbia bengalensis sp. nov. (Xyalidae: Monhysterida) from an eroding island of Sundarban, India, pp. 179-188 in Zootaxa 4444 (2) on page 184, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4444.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/130960
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
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