189,695 research outputs found
Introduction
No full textThis Chapter introduces the volume that contains 13 Chapters on different thematic topics of MGNREGA, one of the most celebrated flagship social protection programmes of Government of India in recent years. This programme is being implemented in India since 2006. First, this Chapter provides an overview of important interventions made by the central and state governments of India to reduce poverty through Employment generation related programmes, including a historical perspective on evolution of right-based employment guarantee schemes like MGNREGA. It then describes selected features and makes a critical assessments on specific aspects of implementation of the MGNREGA programme, its implementation status, the major activities covered under MGNREGA programme, its performance and relevance. Then, we discuss growing policy concerns and uncertainties surrounding implementation of the MGNREGA programmes, the delays in payments of wage to labor force participating in the programme, fluctuation of budget allocations over the years. The Chapter then provides a synoptic view of the selected empirical studies on MGNREGA, its implementation, and outcomes across the states in India. Following this overview on MGNREGA, the Chapter presents an overview of the Chapters contained in this volume for the benefit of the readers. The Chapter concludes by highlighting the imperative for recasting the MGNREGA from the future perspective in terms of responding to the emerging challenges in rural India: (a) increasing drought induced distress conditions prevail across the states; (b) the need for making MGNREGA a broad-based programme through incorporating skill based activities and imparting technical skills to the rural workforce through the MGNREGA to ensure ling-term livelihood benefits to the programme participants, and (c) the efficacy of the programme towards sustaining the rural livelihoods
The impact of supply chain efficiency on product quality of dairy industry : a case study of Kalika Goras Ghar
No full textThe dairy business in Nepal is one of the pillars of the rural livelihoods and the supply of nutritional aid, whereas the infrastructural shortages continue to compromise the integrity of the products. This thesis explains the connection between supply chain effectiveness and quality control by a stringent case study of Kalika Goras Ghar, which is a medium-sized processing plant founded in 2008 in Butwal, Rupandehi District. The company pools raw milk supplied by over 150 smallholder farmers and cooperatives, manufactures an average of 2,000 litres of milk a day into pasteurised milk, curd, paneer, flavoured milk, and ghee, and distributes them through its own vehicles. Since it is rooted in principles of high quality, equitable supply, community engagement, and eco-friendly modes of operation, it exemplifies ideal localisation activities in the face of logistical misfortunes.
The mixed-methods study was carried out in the course three months and combines both qualitative and quantitative results based on the semi-structured interviews with a processing technician, dispatch coordinator, and quality control specialist, as well as questionnaires filled in by 38 stakeholders, including transport operatives, inspectors, executives, and suppliers. Thematic investigation of interviews defines a systematic intake and pasteurisation schedule in which the immediate chilling of bulk milk coolers and strict sanitary measures are included. However, widespread inefficiencies emerge in the form of conveyance delays, non-optimal insulation, and discordant retailer interfaces, which undermine thermosensitive commodities and trigger spoilage episodes.
Analyses of the questionnaire reveal random interruptions (55.3%), mainly due to equipment malfunctions (36.8%), and logistical delays (34.2%). Interdepartmental conversation also receives a decent evaluation (44.7%), compounded by unpredictable codification of procedures and instructional plans. Paramount quality modulators include methodologies (28.9) and storage milieus (23.7). Infrastructural primacy (transport/storage conditions versus quality perception, r = 0.738, p = 0.000; comprehensive operational efficacy versus quality, r = 0.885, p = 0.000) is supported by Pearson correlations.
Prescriptions put forward by strategic prescriptions include the expansion of refrigerated conveyance, surveillance systems orchestrated with IoT, uniform incident reporting systems, regular competency advancement programmes, and enhanced stakeholder synergies. These measures would reduce wastage, HACCP compliance, enhance resilience, and provide replicable paradigms to small and medium enterprises in Nepal
Bhattarai et al 2023 - Commensal Antimicrobial Resistance Mediates Microbiome Resilience to Antibiotic Disruption - Supplementary Auxiliary File S3
No full textOutput from metagenomic intraspecies diversity analysis performed using MIDAS and inStrain on the data presented by Bhattarai et al 2023. These data were used to generated panels for Figures 4 and 5/ </p
Inter-sectoral Linkages and Multipliers of MGNREGA in a Rainfed Village in Karnataka: Applications of Social Accounting Matrix (SAM)
No full textThis chapter examines inter-sectoral linkages of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) interventions in a village economy of Karnataka state. This is done using framework of social analysis matrix (SAM) in Markabbinahalli village, a predominantly a rainfed village, of Bijapur District in northern Karnataka. An in-depth survey was done in 2013, SAM of 82 × 82 column and rows (activities) was constructed to analyze direct, indirect and inter-sectoral linkages of village level activities for year of 2012–13, in relation to MGNREGA interventions. The SAM analysis suggests that additional investment of Rs. 1 million by MGNREGA in the studied village increased 1.1% of total income of the village, provided a full employment to 18 households at the rate of 340 days of work per person per household annually at a wage rate of Rs. 300 per day. Major share of the MGNREGA investment went to indirect impact (84%), also known as multiplier effects of the investment. The net impact of MGNREGA on labour income in the studied village was weak due to expenditure to several activities that were produced outside of villages such as machinery uses in construction, skilled labour uses, etc. We suggest that making the programme more demand driven, taking more labour intensive work activities under MGNREGA would also ensure more circulation of MGNREGA expenditures within the local economy, which would produces more employment and income locally due to increased feedback and inter-sectoral linkage (or multiplier) effects
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
sj-pdf-1-cpj-10.1177_00099228221132020 – Supplemental material for Physician Self-Reported Practice Patterns: Midazolam for Minor Procedures in Pediatric Patients
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-cpj-10.1177_00099228221132020 for Physician Self-Reported Practice Patterns: Midazolam for Minor Procedures in Pediatric Patients by Zola Trotter, Cherisse Mecham and Bikash Bhattarai in Clinical Pediatrics</p
One and a half ventricle repair: clinical and animal study
No full textSUMMARY
Since the first description of the so called “one and a half ventricle repair”, published by Billingsly et al. in 1989 1, this type of correction has been applied to several complex congenital cardiac anomalies. The rationale underlying this repair is twofold. On one hand the aim is to reduce the blood flow to, and therefore to downsize the pre-load of, a dysfunctional or hypoplastic right ventricle (RV), considered to be unable to sustain a biventricular correction. On the other hand the one and a half ventricle repair (1.5 VR) permits to maintain a complete and physiological separation of pulmonary and systemic circulations, avoiding blood mixing and desaturation. Furthermore it represents a valid alternative to the Fontan circulation in the setting of a less but still functioning RV, with the advantage to provide a pulsatile pulmonary blood flow and to prevent systemic venous hypertension 2,3. One and a half ventricle repair consists of bidirectional cavo-pulmonary shunt (BCPS) in addition to complete closure of intracardiac communications, associated or not with repair of other congenital heart defects. It can be appropriate for a wide spectrum of congenital anomalies, provided that the RV is large enough to manage the blood supply from the inferior vena cava. However, feasibility in adult population is being explored 1,4.
This study has divided in two parts:
1. Clinical study 2. Experimental study in animals.
In clinical study we have reviewed our institutional experience with 1.5 VR to evaluate early and long term results and explore the impact of associated cardiac malformations on outcomes of the one and a half ventricle repair. Animal study in rabbits was conducted to evaluate the effect of a pulsatile venous flow pattern in superior vena cava and to understand an immediate & after pharmacologically induced stress test the hemodynamic changes in superior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery and inferior vena cava district.
A. Clinical study
Methods
All patients who underwent one and a half ventricle repair between March 1994 and January 2012 were included. All available clinical and operative data were reviewed. Patients were divided in: Group A - patients with right ventricle hypoplasia/dysfunction and malformations of tricuspid or pulmonary valves; Group B - patients with associated complex malformations involving other cardiac structures.
Results
This is an 18 years retrospective clinical review of 24 consecutive patients who underwent one and a half ventricle repair at our Institution. Mean age at repair was 11.9 years (range 4 months – 66.8 years). Mean TV annulus Z-score was -3.2 (range -6.2 to 3.6). Mean pulmonary vascular resistance was 1.75 U/m2 (range 1.0 to 3.0). Three patients had heterotaxy syndrome. Sixteen patients underwent previous cardiac operation, one of these had a Fontan operation.
There was no death at operation. Postoperative complications occurred in 19 patients (79 %), and were: chylothorax/chylopericardium (n=7), BAV III (n=2), arrhythmias (n=7), renal failure (n=4), heart failure (n=4), cardiac/pleural effusion (n=11), SVC syndrome (n=2), pulmonary infection (n=3), hemi diaphragm paralysis that required diaphragm plasty (n=1), SVC thrombosis with PE (n=1). Five patients required definitive PM implantation. All patients were discharged home alive and well, after a mean hospital stay of 32 ± 29 days. At a mean follow up of 8.3 years (range 1 month – 17.9 years, FU completeness: 96 %), there were 2 late deaths (1 non cardiac related). Among survivors, functional status was NYHA class I in 19 patients (90.4%). Late adverse events occurred in 10 patients (43 %) including: late reoperation (n=3), one of these was a biventricular conversion; haemodynamic procedures (n=6); arrhythmias (n=2); neurological event (n=1); other complications (n=5).
Overall freedom from adverse events, surgery and interventional procedures was 56.5 %, 87 % and 73,9 % respectively. Freedom from adverse event in Group A (n=12) was 83.3 % while in Group B (n=11) was 27.3 %. Statistical analysis demonstrated that Group B had a significantly lower freedom from adverse events than Group A (p = 0.015).
B. Animal Study
Methods
Experiment was performed in experimental Rabbits. Animal care has taken according to established standard for experiment in animals.
Experimental model: RABBIT
Strain: NEW ZEALAND
Total animal number: 30
Weigh of animals:4. 5-5.5 kg
Results
1. After cavapulmonary anastomosis- SVC and PA pressure has increased but RA pressure has decreased, which proves the decrease of the pressure in inferior vena cava district.
2. After pharmacologically induced stress test: increased the pressure in superior vena cava and also increased heart rate but right ventricular, right atrial & pulmonary artery pressures were remained as same as after cavopolmonary anastomosis, as it is in resting condition.
3. That means superior vena cava pressure is always higher after cavapulmonary anastomosis but venous pressure in inferior vena cava district is constant and even lower in comparison with preoperative pressure.
4. We found no any changes of right atrial pressure, after 1.5 ventricular repair and even after pharmacologically induced stress test which proves that the inferior vena cava return is ok and no hypertension in inferior vena cava district even after stress test(good exercise tolerance), which is a very positive finding in favour of one and a half ventricle repair in comparison to Fontan type procedure.
Conclusion
After having the result of both clinical study and experiment in animals we have concluded that the 1.5 VR is a safe and valid option for surgical repair of hypoplasic, borderline or failing right ventricles as an alternative to Fontan procedure. Most patients show good functional status at follow up. This repair provides a low pressure in the inferior vena cava district and allows good early and mid-term outcomes
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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