423 research outputs found
The “Triangle” Sign: A Novel Ultrasound Marker for Diagnosing Total Choroidal Detachment and Total Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage
No full textVaidehi D Bhatt,1 Deepak C Bhatt,1 Kalpana D Bhatt,1 Supriya Dabir,2 Tos TJM Berendschot,3 Roel J Erckens,3 Carroll AB Webers3 1UBM Institute, Mumbai, India; 2Department of Retina, Rajan Eye Care Pvt Ltd, Chennai, India; 3University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, the NetherlandsCorrespondence: Vaidehi D Bhatt, UBM Institute, A/1 Ganesh Baug, Dadar, Mumbai, 400019, India, Tel +91-9821525810, Email [email protected]: This study aims to explore the diagnostic utility of ultrasound B-scan while introducing the “Triangle” sign as a novel indicator. It also validates the sign’s efficacy in distinguishing between choroidal detachment (CD) and suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH) from retinal detachment (RD) and vitreous hemorrhage (VH).Patients and Methods: Retrospective analysis of consecutive cases of total CD and SCH undergoing B-scan at a single tertiary imaging center. The study examined the presence of the “Triangle” sign (a hypoechoic/anechoic triangular shape of vitreous noted anterior to the optic disc) in total CD & SCH, categorized cases by subtype and etiology, and its role in differentiating from RD and VH.Results: Thirty-six eyes with a total CD and SCH were analyzed. Amongst the cases of total SCH 31 (86.1%), (58.1%) were linked to intraocular surgery, and (41.9%) were linked to post-traumatic events. The “Triangle” sign was consistently present in all 36 eyes, with additional findings indicating concurrent VH (52.8%) or RD (5.6%). Among the 31 eyes with total SCH, 58.3% initially had detectable choroidal membrane seen on B scan, while 41.7% did not. Despite this, the “Triangle” sign was consistently visible in all 36 eyes, and monitoring with B-scans revealed choroidal membrane as the hemorrhage resolved.Conclusion: The “Triangle” sign is a distinctive and reliable ultrasound feature for total CD and SCH diagnosis, offering clarity in challenging cases where traditional methods face limitations.Keywords: choroidal detachment, suprachoroidal hemorrhage, ultrasound B-sca
Development and Evaluation of a Deep Learning Algorithm to Differentiate Between Membranes Attached to the Optic Disc on Ultrasonography
No full textVaidehi D Bhatt,1 Nikhil Shah,2 Deepak C Bhatt,1 Supriya Dabir,3 Jay Sheth,4 Tos TJM Berendschot,5 Roel J Erckens,5 Carroll AB Webers5 1UBM Institute, Mumbai, India; 2Pursuing Masters in Computer Science at Stevens Institute of Technology, Jersey City, NJ, USA; 3Department of Retina, Rajan Eye Care Pvt Ltd, Chennai, India; 4Shantilal Shanghvi Eye Institute, Mumbai, India; 5University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, the NetherlandsCorrespondence: Vaidehi D Bhatt, UBM Institute, A/1 Ganesh Baug, Dadar, Mumbai, 400019, India, Tel +91 9821525810, Email [email protected]: The purpose of this study was to create and test a deep learning algorithm that could identify and distinguish between membranes attached to optic disc [OD; retinal detachment (RD)/posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)] based on ocular ultrasonography (USG).Patients and Methods: We obtained a database of B-scan ultrasonography from a high-volume imaging center. A transformer-based Vision Transformer (ViT) model was employed, pre-trained on ImageNet21K, to classify ultrasound B-scan images into healthy, RD, and PVD. Images were pre-processed using Hugging Face’s AutoImage Processor for standardization. Labels were mapped to numerical values, and the dataset was split into training and validation (505 samples), and testing (212 samples) subsets to evaluate model performance. Alternate methods, such as ensemble strategies and object detection pipelines, were explored but showed limited improvement in classification accuracy.Results: The AI model demonstrated high classification performance, achieving an accuracy of 98.21% for PVD, 97.22% for RD, and 95.83% for normal cases. Sensitivity was 98.21% for PVD, 96.55% for RD, and 92.86% for normal cases, while specificity reached 95.16%, 100%, and 95.42%, respectively. Despite the overall strong performance, some misclassification occurred, with seven instances of RD being incorrectly labeled as PVD.Conclusion: We developed a transformer-based deep learning algorithm for ocular ultrasonography that accurately identifies membranes attached to the optic disc, distinguishing between RD (97.22% accuracy) and PVD (98.21% accuracy). Despite seven misclassifications, our model demonstrates robust performance and enhances diagnostic efficiency in high-volume imaging settings, thereby facilitating timely referrals and ultimately improving patient outcomes in urgent care scenarios. Overall, this promising innovation shows potential for clinical adoption.Keywords: retinal detachment, posterior vitreous detachment, ultrasonography, artificial intelligence, deep learning algorith
Control of hybrid ship drive systems
No full textStricter regulations on emissions force ship owners and designers to come up with new solutions for ship propulsion systems. Hybrid drive systems consisting of prime movers and batteries, like in the Toyota Prius, show great potential, especially in special ships like harbour tugs. Economic and environmental performance of such systems strongly depends on the way it is controlled. Dynamic computer models of system components were built to compare different system lay-outs and different control strategies and thus support the ship system designer with design decisions. A combination of fuzzy rule-based and optimization-algorithm control offer the best results. The modeling method, the different simulations, the optimization methods and resulting consequences for the ship system design are the main topics of this paper.Accepted Author ManuscriptShip Design, Production and Operation
Bibliographie : Octavia römische Geschichte, [vol. 1] (Nürnberg: J. Hoffmann, 1677)
No full textZur "Römischen Octavia" sind in der Herzog August Bibliothek (23:) und im Staatsarchiv (SA) Wolfenbüttel umfangreiche Vorarbeiten, Manuskripte und Diktatniederschriften erhalten, was für einen Roman des 17. und frühen 18. Jahrhunderts eine absolute Seltenheit darstellt. Über die gedruckten Bände hinaus existieren auch noch große Teile der Diktatniederschriften für einen abschließenden achten Band des Romans. Am verlässlichsten informiert hierüber die Einleitung zur Historisch-kritischen Ausgabe in HKA I, pp. XIX-LIX. Zur umfangreichen erhaltenen Korrespondenz Anton Ulrichs vgl. Mazingue (1978), pp. 887-900. Der Roman erschien in zwei Fassungen - Fassung A, verlegt in Nürnberg, und Fassung B, verlegt in Braunschweig und Wien, weichen im Text voneinander ab. A war zuerst auf vier Bände konzipiert, ist dann aber auf sechs Bände erweitert worden. Diese sechs Bände wurden 1711 zu einer Werkausgabe gruppiert. Fassung B war zuerst ebenfalls auf sechs, später auf acht Bände konzipiert, von ihr erschienen sechs Bände in Braunschweig zwischen 1712 und 1714 und ein siebter in Wien 1762. Von den Ausgaben A.3.a, A.1.b, A.2.b sind Druckvarianten überliefert, die jeweils nach den Nachdrucken der ersten drei Bände (1685-1702) und vor 1711 entstanden sind. Die ersten drei Bände der Ausgabe von 1711 bieten zum weit überwiegenden Teil Material dieser Druckvarianten
Bibliographie : Octavia römische Geschichte. Zugabe des ersten Theils, [vol. 2] (Nürnberg: J. Hoffmann, 1678)
No full textZweiter Band der ersten Fassung der "Römischen Octavia". Cf. zur vollständigen Publikationsgeschichte: Octavia römische Geschichte, [vol. 1] (Nürnberg: J. Hoffmann, 1677). Enthält mehrere teils wahrscheinlich, teils sicher autorfremde Gedichte. Zwei davon stammen von Christian Hofmann von Hofmannswaldau (vgl. HKA I, pp. CLXXIVf., Anm. 195). Von der "Geschichte der Flavia Domitilla und der Cönis", pp. 920-1015, existiert eine Übersetzung einer unbekannten französischen Hofdame ins Französische, datiert auf den 9. März 1714 (23: Cod.Guelf. 196.1 Extravag.)
The medieval Low Countries as a testing ground for new ideas on economic and social development.: A reply from the author of 'Manors and Markets’
No full textCategorisation and perceptual Learning: Why tDCS to Left DLPFC Enhances Generalisation.
No full textIn Associative Learning and Cognition, Homage to Prof. N.J. Mackintosh. Editors: Trobalon JB, Chamizo VD. Barcelona 10 Sep 2016This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from University of Barcelona via the link in this record.In the 27 years that have passed since the McLaren, Kaye and Mackintosh (MKM) model of perceptual learning was first proposed, it has undergone considerable theoretical development and been subject to extensive empirical test. But we would argue that the basic principles of the theory remain as valid today as they were in 1989. One of these principles was that salience modulation of stimulus representations based on prediction error was a key component of latent inhibition and perceptual learning. It was this modification of what was otherwise a fairly basic adaptation of the model for categorisation proposed by McCleland and Rumelhart (M&R) that transformed a system that would exhibit enhanced generalisation as category learning progressed, into one that would instead offer an improved capacity for discrimination between exemplars as a consequence of experience with the category. This modification has only been tested indirectly up until now, by looking at the predictions that flow from it and then comparing them to animal and human discrimination following stimulus pre-exposure. In this chapter we test this principle more directly, by using tDCS to disrupt the modulation of salience by prediction error, and show that when this is done, people exhibit the enhanced generalisation predicted by the standard M&R model. We conclude that our results provide further support for the MKM approach to stimulus representation
Resultatmanipulering vid VD-byte : En kvantitativ studie om big bath på Stockholmsbörsen
No full textTitel: Resultatmanipulering vid VD-byte - En kvantitativ studie om big bath på Stockholmsbörsen Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämne företagsekonomi År: 2024, maj Författare: Vanja Bodlund, Wilma Haglund Handledare: Asif M Huq Nyckelbegrepp: Resultatmanipulering, Big bath, VD-byte, Goodwillnedskrivning, Nedskrivningar, Forskning och utveckling, Immateriella tillgångar, Positiv redovisningsteori, IFRS. Syfte: I studien undersöks det om ett företags redovisning förändras genom resultatmanipulering, i form av big bath. Syftet är således att studera om det föreligger något samband mellan nedskrivning av goodwill, FoU-utgifter samt andra immateriella tillgångar och VD-byte. Metod: I studien används en kvantitativ metod där korrelationstest samt regressionsanalyser har använts för att besvara studiens hypoteser. Teoretisk ansats: Hypoteserna formuleras utifrån teorin om big bath, agentteorin samt positive accounting theory. IFRS regelverk bidrar till förståelse av redovisning gällande nedskrivningar samt de incitament företag har att påverka redovisningen. Empirisk grund: I uppsatsen studeras företag noterade på Stockholmsbörsens Small Cap, Mid Cap och Large Cap mellan åren 2010–2023. Resultat och slutsats: Studien finner inget signifikant samband mellan nedskrivningar och VD-byte. Slutsatsen blir således att svenska börsnoterade bolag inte utför big bath vid byte av verkställande direktör. Testerna har dock visat signifikanta samband mellan de olika nedskrivningsposterna samt totala tillgångar, avkastning på tillgångar samt skuldsättningsgrad. Title: Earnings management during CEO change - A quantitative study of big bath on the Stockholm Stock Exchange Level: Student thesis, final assignment for bachelor’s degree in business administration Year: 2024, May Author: Vanja Bodlund, Wilma Haglund Supervisor: Asif M Huq Key words: Earning management, Big bath, CEO change, Goodwill write-down, Write-downs, Research and development, Intangible assets, Positive accounting theory, IFRS. Purpose: The study investigates whether a company's accounting is changed through earnings manipulation, in the form of a big bath. The purpose is thus to study whether there is any connection between write-down of goodwill, R&D expenses and other intangible assets and CEO change. Method: The study uses a quantitative method where correlation tests and regression analyzes have been used to answer the study's hypotheses. Theoretical approach: The hypotheses are formulated based on the big bath theory, agent theory and positive accounting theory. IFRS regulations contribute to the understanding of accounting regarding write-downs and the incentives companies must influence accounting. Empirical basis: The essay studies companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange's Small Cap, Mid Cap and Large Cap between the years 2010-2023. Results and conclusion: The study finds no significant relationship between write-downs and CEO changes. The conclusion is thus that Swedish listed companies do not carry out big baths when changing the managing director. However, the tests have shown significant relationships between the various write-downs and total assets, return on assets and leverage.
Resultatmanipulering vid VD-byte : En kvantitativ studie om big bath på Stockholmsbörsen
No full textTitel: Resultatmanipulering vid VD-byte - En kvantitativ studie om big bath på Stockholmsbörsen Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämne företagsekonomi År: 2024, maj Författare: Vanja Bodlund, Wilma Haglund Handledare: Asif M Huq Nyckelbegrepp: Resultatmanipulering, Big bath, VD-byte, Goodwillnedskrivning, Nedskrivningar, Forskning och utveckling, Immateriella tillgångar, Positiv redovisningsteori, IFRS. Syfte: I studien undersöks det om ett företags redovisning förändras genom resultatmanipulering, i form av big bath. Syftet är således att studera om det föreligger något samband mellan nedskrivning av goodwill, FoU-utgifter samt andra immateriella tillgångar och VD-byte. Metod: I studien används en kvantitativ metod där korrelationstest samt regressionsanalyser har använts för att besvara studiens hypoteser. Teoretisk ansats: Hypoteserna formuleras utifrån teorin om big bath, agentteorin samt positive accounting theory. IFRS regelverk bidrar till förståelse av redovisning gällande nedskrivningar samt de incitament företag har att påverka redovisningen. Empirisk grund: I uppsatsen studeras företag noterade på Stockholmsbörsens Small Cap, Mid Cap och Large Cap mellan åren 2010–2023. Resultat och slutsats: Studien finner inget signifikant samband mellan nedskrivningar och VD-byte. Slutsatsen blir således att svenska börsnoterade bolag inte utför big bath vid byte av verkställande direktör. Testerna har dock visat signifikanta samband mellan de olika nedskrivningsposterna samt totala tillgångar, avkastning på tillgångar samt skuldsättningsgrad. Title: Earnings management during CEO change - A quantitative study of big bath on the Stockholm Stock Exchange Level: Student thesis, final assignment for bachelor’s degree in business administration Year: 2024, May Author: Vanja Bodlund, Wilma Haglund Supervisor: Asif M Huq Key words: Earning management, Big bath, CEO change, Goodwill write-down, Write-downs, Research and development, Intangible assets, Positive accounting theory, IFRS. Purpose: The study investigates whether a company's accounting is changed through earnings manipulation, in the form of a big bath. The purpose is thus to study whether there is any connection between write-down of goodwill, R&D expenses and other intangible assets and CEO change. Method: The study uses a quantitative method where correlation tests and regression analyzes have been used to answer the study's hypotheses. Theoretical approach: The hypotheses are formulated based on the big bath theory, agent theory and positive accounting theory. IFRS regulations contribute to the understanding of accounting regarding write-downs and the incentives companies must influence accounting. Empirical basis: The essay studies companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange's Small Cap, Mid Cap and Large Cap between the years 2010-2023. Results and conclusion: The study finds no significant relationship between write-downs and CEO changes. The conclusion is thus that Swedish listed companies do not carry out big baths when changing the managing director. However, the tests have shown significant relationships between the various write-downs and total assets, return on assets and leverage.
Remaining Challenges in Tanzania's Efforts to Eliminate Iodine Deficiency.
No full textTo determine iodine levels in salt and iodine deficiency prevalence in school-aged children in 16 districts in Tanzania with previous severe iodine deficiency. A cross-sectional study in schoolchildren. Systematic probability sampling was used to select schools and subjects for goitre assessment and urinary iodine determination. Sixteen districts randomly selected from the 27 categorised as severely iodine-deficient in Tanzania. The study population was primary-school children aged 6-18 years who were examined for goitre prevalence and urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Salt samples from schoolchildren's homes and from shops were tested for iodine content. The study revealed that 83.3% of households (n=21,160) in the surveyed districts used iodised salt. Also, 94% of sampled shops (n=397) sold iodised salt, with a median iodine level of 37.0 ppm (range 4.2-240 ppm). Median UIC in 2089 schoolchildren was 235.0 microg l(-1) and 9.3% had UIC values below 50 microg l(-1). The overall unweighted mean visible and total goitre prevalence was 6.7% and 24.3%, respectively (n=16,222). The age group 6-12 years had the lowest goitre prevalence (3.6% visible and 18.0% total goitre, n=7147). The total goitre prevalence had decreased significantly in all districts from an unweighted mean of 65.4% in the 1980s to 24.3% in 1999 (P<0.05). We believe this difference was also biologically significant. ConclusionThese findings indicate that iodine deficiency is largely eliminated in the 16 districts categorised as severely iodine-deficient in Tanzania, and that the iodine content of salt purchased from shops is highly variable
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