1,721,096 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
ANGELIC Secrets: Bridging from factors to facts in US trade secrets
No full textThe ANGELIC (ADF for kNowledGe Encapsulation of Legal Information from Cases) project provided a methodology for implementing a system to predict the outcome of legal cases based on a theory of the relevant domain constructed from precedent cases and other sources. The method has been evaluated in several domains, including US Trade Secrets Law. Previous systems in this domain were based on factors, which are either present or absent in a case, and favour one of the parties with the same force for every factor. Evaluations have, however, suggested that the ability to represent different degrees of presence and absence, and different strengths, could improve performance. Here we extend the methodology to allow for different degrees of presence and support, by using dimensions as a bridge between facts and factors. This new program is evaluated using a standard set of test cases
Statement types in legal argument.
No full textIn this paper we present an overview of the process of argumentation with legal cases, from evidence to verdict. We identify the various different types of statement involved in the various stages, and describe how the various types relate to one another. In particular we show how we can obtain the legally accepted facts which form the basis for consideration of the law governing the cases from facts about the world. We also explain how we can determine which particular facts are relevant. In so doing we bring together several important pieces of AI and Law research and clarify their relationships
Explaining arguments at the Dutch National Police
Full text linkAs AI systems are increasingly applied in real-life situations, it is essential that such systems can give explanations that provide insight into the underlying decision models and techniques. Thus, users can understand, trust and validate the system, and experts can verify that the system works as intended. At the Dutch National Police several applications based on computational argumentation are in use, with police analysts and Dutch citizens as possible users. In this paper we show how a basic framework of explanations aimed at explaining argumentation-based conclusions can be applied to these applications at the police
Evidence for a good story : a hybrid theory of arguments, stories and criminal evidence
No full textThe subject of this thesis is reasoning with evidence to establish the facts in criminal cases. In al legal context, the study of evidence is often equated with the study of the "law of evidence", for example, the legal rules of evidence that govern which types of evidence are legally valid or admissible. However, a large part of the study of evidence constitutes the study of the "rational process of proof, which concerns the facts of the case rather than the legal specifics. The reasoning in the process of proof, which is discussed in chapter 2, involves constructing, testing and justifying comp0lex hypotheses about what happened in a case using evidence (e.g. witness statements, tangible evidence such as a knife or blood) and general commonsense knowledge (e.g. generalizations such as 'witnesses under oath usual human behaviour).
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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