1,721,001 research outputs found
Women Radio Science Contributions: A Special Greeting to Pat Doherty [Women in Engineering]
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Women's Contributions in Electromagnetic Inverse Problems [Women in Engineering]
No full textScience is often considered a male-dominated field. Today, women are still discouraged from entering the fields of technology, engineering, and math and, in the last two years, the COVID-19 pandemic has worsened this situation. Nevertheless, despite challenges of gender discrimination and lack of recognition in the scientific community, countless inspiring women in these fields have made historic contributions to science and helped develop a better understanding of the world around us. Many women were not recognized in their own lifetimes, but their achievements have helped generations of female scientists to come
Passive Cooling Techniques for Less Energy Consumption in Buildings a Comparative Study on Green Surfaces
No full textThe increase of power peak and energy demand during the cooling season is becoming a crucial issue; for this reason, in the last decade, new passive solutions for optimizing building summer thermal behavior have been developed. In particular, green surfaces have been regarded as useful tools to provide energy savings in buildings and mitigate the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon, being capable of substantially reducing the roof surface temperature and increasing insulation power of surfaces. Green roof and green living wall thermal performance has been extensively studied, but the specific effect of substrate moisture and insulation deserve attention. This study investigates green surfaces energy savings in Mediterranean climate, related to insulation thickness and substrate moisture. The thermal behavior of a green roof and a living wall located in Brescia and Cosenza, Italy, are assessed through energy dynamic simulations in Energy Plus, to depicts how these passive technologies can improve the energy performance of residential buildings in different localities of Mediterranean; city of Brescia is in fact characterized by a continental climate, while city of Cosenza is warmer. A typical Mediterranean residential family storey house is implemented in Design Builder to simulate the application of green surfaces. The scope of the work is to identify the best roof and envelope configurations, related to insulation thickness and water content, to obtain the maximum building energy saving both in summer period and annual one. Simulations show, both in continental Mediterranean climate and warm one, green roof and green living wall can reduce the cooling energy consumption in buildings and in general the annual energy demand
The tomographic approach to ground-penetrating radar for underground exploration and monitoring: A more user-friendly and unconventional method for subsurface investigation
No full textUnderground exploration and characterization via nondestructive imaging is of great interest in the modern scientific community [1]. The reason for such enthusiasm is related to the methodology?s wide range of applications, which span from civil engineering to the archaeological and forensic fields and to planetary exploration. In this framework, groundpenetrating radar (GPR) is becoming one of the leading technologies because of its flexibility and ease of application. However, standard GPR provides a user-dependent map, known as a radargram, of underground and subsurface targets, the interpretation of which requires strong human expertise and does not allow for inferences about the nature of the buried targets, unless some a priori information is available
Performance Analysis of Tomographic Methods against Experimental Contactless Multistatic Ground Penetrating Radar
Full text linkGround-penetrating radar (GPR) technology for underground exploration consists of the transmission of an electromagnetic signal in the ground for sensing the presence of buried objects. While monostatic or bistatic configurations are usually adopted, a limited number of multistatic GPR systems have been proposed in the scientific literature. In this article, we investigate the recovery performance of a specific and unconventional contactless multistatic GPR system, designed at the Georgia Institute of Technology for the subsurface imaging of antitank and antipersonnel plastic mines. In particular, for the first time, tomographic approaches are tested against this experimental multistatic GPR system, while most GPR processing in the scientific literature processes multimonostatic experimental data sets. First, by mimicking the system at hand, an accurate theoretical as well as numerical analysis is performed in order to estimate the data information content and the performance achievable. Two different tomographic linear approaches are adopted, i.e., the linear sampling method and the Born approximation (BA) method, this latter enhanced by means of the compressive sensing (CS) theoretical framework. Then, the experimental data provided by the Georgia Institute of Technology are processed by means of a multifrequency CS- and BA-based method, thus generating very accurate 3D maps of the investigated underground scenario
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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