1,721,181 research outputs found
Association of a dietary score with incident type 2 diabetes: The dietary-based diabetes-risk score (DDS)
Full text linkBackground: Strong evidence supports that dietary modifications may decrease incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Numerous diabetes risk models/scores have been developed, but most do not rely specifically on dietary variables or do not fully capture the overall dietary pattern. We prospectively assessed the association of a dietary-based diabetes-risk score (DDS), which integrates optimal food patterns, with the risk of developing T2DM in the SUN ("Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra") longitudinal study. Methods: We assessed 17,292 participants initially free of diabetes, followed-up for a mean of 9.2 years. A validated 136-item FFQ was administered at baseline. Taking into account previous literature, the DDS positively weighted vegetables, fruit, whole cereals, nuts, coffee, low-fat dairy, fiber, PUFA, and alcohol in moderate amounts; while it negatively weighted red meat, processed meats and sugar-sweetened beverages. Energy-adjusted quintiles of each item (with exception of moderate alcohol consumption that received either 0 or 5 points) were used to build the DDS (maximum: 60 points). Incident T2DM was confirmed through additional detailed questionnaires and review of medical records of participants. We used Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for socio-demographic and anthropometric parameters, health-related habits, and clinical variables to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of T2DM. Results: We observed 143 T2DM confirmed cases during follow-up. Better baseline conformity with the DDS was associated with lower incidence of T2DM (multivariable-adjusted HR for intermediate (25-39 points) vs. low (11-24) category 0.43 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21, 0.89]; and for high (40-60) vs. low category 0.32 [95% CI: 0.14, 0.69]; p for linear trend: 0.019). Conclusions: The DDS, a simple score exclusively based on dietary components, showed a strong inverse association with incident T2DM. This score may be applicable in clinical practice to improve dietary habits of subjects at high risk of T2DM and also as an educational tool for laypeople to help them in self-assessing their future risk for developing diabetes
FAST FOOD CONSUMPTION AND GESTATIONAL DIABETES INCIDENCE IN THE SUN PROJECT
Full text linkBackground: Gestational diabetes prevalence is increasing, mostly because obesity among women of reproductive age is
continuously escalating. We aimed to investigate the incidence of gestational diabetes according to the consumption of fast
food in a cohort of university graduates.
Methods: The prospective dynamic ‘‘Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra’’ (SUN) cohort included data of 3,048 women
initially free of diabetes or previous gestational diabetes who reported at least one pregnancy between December 1999 and
March 2011. Fast food consumption was assessed through a validated 136-item semi-quantitative food frequency
questionnaire. Fast food was defined as the consumption of hamburgers, sausages, and pizza. Three categories of fast food
were established: low (0–3 servings/month), intermediate (.3 servings/month and #2 servings/week) and high (.2
servings/week). Non-conditional logistic regression models were used to adjust for potential confounders.
Results: We identified 159 incident cases of gestational diabetes during follow-up. After adjusting for age, baseline body
mass index, total energy intake, smoking, physical activity, family history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease/hypertension at
baseline, parity, adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern, alcohol intake, fiber intake, and sugar-sweetened soft drinks
consumption, fast food consumption was significantly associated with a higher risk of incident gestational diabetes, with
multivariate adjusted OR of 1.31 (95% conficence interval [CI]:0.81–2.13) and 1.86 (95% CI: 1.13–3.06) for the intermediate
and high categories, respectively, versus the lowest category of baseline fast food consumption (p for linear trend: 0.007).
Conclusion: Our results suggest that pre-pregnancy higher consumption of fast food is an independent risk factor for
gestational diabetes
Pre-Gestational Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods and Risk of Gestational Diabetes in a Mediterranean Cohort. The SUN Project
Full text linkWe aimed to investigate the relationship between the pre-gestational consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and the risk of gestational diabetes (GDM). We carried out a prospective study among 3730 Spanish women of the SUN cohort who reported at least one pregnancy after baseline recruitment. Cases of GDM were identified among women with a confirmed diagnosis of GDM. UPF consumption was assessed through a validated, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and the frequency of UPF consumption was categorized in tertiles. We identified 186 cases of GDM. In the pooled sample, we did not observe a significant association of UPF with the risk of GDM. When we stratified by age, the multivariate OR for the third tertile of UPF consumption compared with the lowest one was 2.05 (95% CI 1.03, 4.07) in women aged ≥30 years at baseline (Ptrend = 0.041). The association remained significant in a sensitivity analysis after changing many of our assumptions and adjusting for additional confounders. No association between a higher UPF consumption and GDM risk was observed in women aged 18–29 years. The pre-gestational UPF consumption may be a risk factor for GDM, especially in women aged 30 years or more. Confirmatory studies are needed to validate these findings
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome occurrence: a meta-analysis of observational studies
No full textDiet plays a role in the onset and progression of metabolic disorders, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to systematically review and conduct a quantitative meta-analysis of results from observational cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies on adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and risk of MetS. Literature databases including PubMed, SCOPUS and EMBASE were searched from the beginning to May 2016. Eight cross-sectional and four prospective studies were included in this meta-analysis, accounting for a total of 33,847 individuals and 6342 cases of MetS. High adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a risk of MetS (RR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.71, 0.92). Regarding individual components of the MetS, the inverse associations were significant for waist circumference, blood pressure and low HDL-C levels. In conclusion, adoption of a Mediterranean dietary pattern was associated with lower risk of the MetS and it can be proposed for the primary prevention of the MetS.</p
Adherence to the mediterranean dietary pattern and incidence of anorexia and bulimia nervosa in women : the SUN cohort
Full text linkObjective
No study has assessed the association between dietary pattern and incidence of eating disorders. This study aimed to assess the association between the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) and the incident risk of anorexia (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN).
Research Methods & Procedures
We conducted a prospective cohort study on 11800 women from the SUN Project. Participants were classified as having incident AN or BN if they were free of AN or BN at baseline and reported a physician-made diagnosis of AN or BN during follow-up. Nutritional status, lifestyle and behavioural variables were investigated and used as covariates. A validated 136-item food frequency questionnaire and the Trichopoulou score were used to assess adherence to MDP.
Results
After a median follow-up of 9.4 years, 100 new cases of AN and BN were identified. The multivariate HR (95%CI) of AN and BN for the 2 upper categories of adherence to the MDP were 0.39 (0.20-0.75) and 0.32 (0.14-0.70) (Ptrend=0.021). Inverse dose-response relationships were found for the consumption of cereals and olive oil and marginally for the polyunsaturated fatty acids intake. To address reverse causation, multivariable linear regressions were run by means of a cross-sectional approach between the adherence to the MDP and the risk of AN and BN at baseline. No difference in adherence was found between participants with and without eating disorders.
Conclusion
Our results suggest a potential inverse association between MDP and the risk of AN and BN. Additional longitudinal studies and trials are needed
Association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the incidence of peptic ulcer disease in the SUN project: a Spanish prospective cohort study
Full text linkPurpose: Consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has increased despite potential adverse health effects. Recent studies showed an association between UPF consumption and some gastrointestinal disorders. We evaluated the association between UPF consumption and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in a large Spanish cohort. Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of 18,066 participants in the SUN cohort, followed every two years. UPF was assessed at baseline and 10 years after. Cases of PUD were identified among participants reporting a physician-made diagnosis of PUD during follow-ups. Cases were only partially validated against medical records. Cox regression was used to assess the association between baseline UPF consumption and PUD risk. Based on previous findings and biological plausibility, socio-demographic and lifestyle variables, BMI, energy intake, Helicobacter pylori infection, gastrointestinal disorders, aspirin and analgesic use, and alcohol and coffee consumption were included as confounders.We fitted GEE with repeated dietary measurements at baseline and after 10 years of follow-up. Vanderweele's proposed E value was calculated to assess the sensitivity of observed associations to uncontrolled confounding. Results: During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, we recorded 322 new PUD cases (1.56 cases/1000 person-years). Participants in the highest baseline tertile of UPF consumption had an increased PUD risk compared to participants in the lowest tertile (HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.00, Ptrend=0.002). The E-values for the point estimate supported the observed association. The OR using repeated measurements of UPF intake was 1.39 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.87) when comparing extreme tertiles. Conclusion: The consumption of UPF is associated with an increased PUD risk
Mediterranean diet and depression
Full text linkObjective: The adherence to a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ensures an adequate
intake of B vitamins and w-3 fatty acids. A protective role on depression has been
suggested for both nutrients.
Design: Cross-sectional analysis from the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra)
prospective cohort study. Data from 9670 participants (4211 men and 5459 women)
were analised. Logistic regression analyses were fitted to assess the association
between B-vitamins and w-3 fatty acids intake (quintiles) and the prevalence of
depression.
Results: Folate intake was inversely associated with depression prevalence among
men, especially smokers. Among women, B12 vitamin intake was inversely associated
with depression, especially among smokers and physically active women. No significant associations were observed for w-3 fatty acids intake.
Conclusions: The adherence to a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ensures an adequate intake of fruits, nuts, vegetables, cereals, legumes or fish, important sources of nutrients linked to depression prevention
Total sugar intake and macro and micronutrients in children aged 6-8 years: The aniva study
No full textThe objective of this study was to study the association between total sugar intake (TSI)
levels of children aged 6–8 years old, nutrient intake and anthropometry. Food and beverage intakes
were collected by a prospective three-day recall questionnaire. The 2237 children were distributed
into three groups according to TSI percentiles. Mean TSI was 93.77 ± 25.72 g/day, 22%–25% of total
caloric intake, with boys presenting an intake of 96.24 ± 24.34 g/day and girls 91.38 ± 26.78 g/day.
Greater TSI was associated with higher body fat, parental education, energy intake, nutrients/1000
kcal, and lower weight z-scores, BMI z-scores, waist circumferences, and hip circumferences. Weight,
height, and waist circumference had the highest R
2 while body fat had the lowest. The percentage of
total energy derived (%E) from protein decreased as the %E from TSI increased, while the opposite
was true for carbohydrates and saccharides, while for fiber intake, the medium groups presented the
highest intake/1000 kcal. For the remaining macronutrients studied, intake/1000 kcal decreased when
the %E from TSI increased. Calcium, iodine, magnesium, vitamin B2, folate, and vitamin C intake
increased as the %E from TSI increased, while the opposite was true for vitamin B12. Fiber, ω-6 PUFA,
iodine, folate, vitamin D, and vitamin E intakes were insufficient across most of the sample. TSI levels
in children were identified to exceed adult recommendations. It is not clear what the effect of up to
an average of 21% of energy coming from total sugars has on childhood obesity and further research
is needed in the pediatric population, however, opportunities exist to improve sugar intake patterns.Peer reviewe
Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, and Pro-vegetarian dietary pattern in relation to the risk of basal cell carcinoma: a nested case-control study within the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort
No full textBackground
The association of dietary pattern with the risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is little understood and has scarcely been investigated.
Objectives
We assessed the association of several complete dietary patterns [Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Pro-vegetarian dietary pattern] with the risk of BCC, conducting a nested case-control study (4 controls for each case).
Methods
Cases and controls were selected from the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) cohort using risk set sampling. Cases were identified among subjects free of skin cancer at baseline but who later reported a physician-made BCC diagnosis during the follow-up period. In the cohort we identified 101 incident cases of BCC.
Results
In multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression analyses, better adherence to the Mediterranean diet (highest compared with lowest quintile) was associated with a 72% relative reduction in the odds of BCC (OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.77; Ptrend = 0.014); the DASH diet was associated with a 68% RR reduction (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.76; Ptrend = 0.013) for the comparison between extreme quintiles. No association was found between a Pro-vegetarian dietary pattern and BCC. Higher fruit consumption (highest compared with lowest quintile, OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.64; Ptrend < 0.001) and low-fat dairy products (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.92; Ptrend = 0.014) were associated with a lower BCC risk.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that Mediterranean and DASH dietary patterns may be associated with a lower risk of BCC, but confirmatory studies are required
Adherence to the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Incidence of Nephrolithiasis in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra Follow-up (SUN) Cohort
No full textBACKGROUND: Diet plays an important role in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis. Limited data are available to investigate the association between a Mediterranean dietary pattern and risk for nephrolithiasis.
STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.
SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 16,094 men and women without a history of nephrolithiasis who participated in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra Follow-up (SUN) Project.
PREDICTORS: A validated 136-item food frequency questionnaire was used to assess baseline adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern that is high in fruits, vegetables, nuts, fish, and legumes, but moderate in alcohol and low in meats, saturated fats, and sugars. A Mediterranean dietary pattern score was calculated and categorized into 3 groups (0-3, 4-6, and 7-9 points). Additional factors included in statistical models were sex, age, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, time spent watching television, following a medical nutritional therapy, water and energy intake, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and history of hypertension or diabetes.
OUTCOMES: Incidence of nephrolithiasis. Participants were classified as having incident nephrolithiasis if they reported a physician-made diagnosis of nephrolithiasis during follow-up.
RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 9.6 years, 735 new cases of nephrolithiasis were identified. The multivariable HRs of nephrolithiasis for the 2 highest categories of adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern, using the lowest category as the reference, were 0.93 (95% CI, 0.79-1.09) and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.48-0.87); P for trend=0.01. The risk for nephrolithiasis was lower with greater consumption of dairy products and vegetables and greater with higher monounsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid ratio.
LIMITATIONS: No information for kidney stone composition.
CONCLUSIONS: Greater adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern was associated with reduced risk for incident nephrolithiasis. Additional longitudinal studies are needed
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