1,720,979 research outputs found
A glance at rabies pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis for dog bites
No full textPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has a role in
decreasing the need for immunoglobulin injection,
because the real problems with post-exposure
prophylaxis (PEP) are the cost of the vaccine and
immunoglobulin, as well as the availability of the
immunoglobulin, especially in endemic areas, and
if rabies is confirmed or the aggressor animal is not
captured.[1] Although antibiotics have not been clearly
shown to prevent infection after an animal bite, most
physicians also suggest an adjunctive antibiotic
prophylaxis for moderate or severe wounds. Such
wounds include bites to the hand, head, neck, and
genital region.
We agree with the authors that the possible adverse
effects of immunoglobulin are the issue that should be
weighed in using this drug. However, second generation
rabies vaccines, such as purified chick embryo vaccines
and purified vero cells vaccines are safe, effective and
cheaper than human diploid cell vaccine, and compared
with the fact that rabies is fatal, vaccination side effects
that occur are tolerable
One-trocar versus multiport hybrid laparoscopic appendectomy: What’s the best option for children with acute appendicitis? Results of an international multicentric study
No full textOne-trocar laparoscopic appendectomy (OTA) is routinely adopted in children with acute appendicitis. In case of a difficult appendectomy, it is necessary to add additional trocar/s to safely complete the procedure. This technique is called multiport hybrid laparoscopic appendectomy (HLA). We aimed to compare the outcome of multiport HLA versus OTA.
METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed the data of 1,092 patients underwent LA in 5 European centers of pediatric surgery in the last 5 years. We compared 2 groups: G1 of 575 patients (52.6 %) (average age 10 years) underwent OTA and G2 of 517 patients (47.4 %) (average age 8.2 years) underwent multiport HLA.
RESULTS:
No intra-operative complications occurred in both groups. An additional pathology was treated in 12 cases (8 Meckel's diverticulum, 2 carcinoids, 2 ovarian cysts) in G2. Operative time was significantly shorter in G2 compared to G1 (47.8 vs 58.6 min; p < .001). The average analgesic requirement was significantly shorter in G2 compared to G1 (44 vs 56 h; p < .001). As for postoperative complications, the incidence of port-site infections was similar between the two groups, while the incidence of postoperative abdominal abscesses (PAA) was significantly higher in G1 compared to G2 (4.7 vs 0.2 %; p < .001). The cosmetic outcome was excellent in all patients of both groups. A subgroup analysis between complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis showed that only in complicated cases, the average operative time, the average VAS pain score, the average analgesic requirements and the incidence of PAA were significantly higher in OTA group compared to multiport HLA group (p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results suggest that OTA is a valid and safe procedure for the uncomplicated cases, while additional trocars are required in case of complicated appendicitis. Multiport HLA significantly reduces the operative time, the incidence of abdominal abscesses and the analgesic requirements compared to OTA
Mean Platelet Volume and Testicular Torsion: New Findings
No full textIntroduction: Testicular torsion is an emergency at any age; the aim of this study is to evaluate the role of mean platelet volume to assess the viability of the testes before surgery Materials and methods: We retrospectively analysed the medical records of consecutive patients who underwent surgical exploration for acute scrotal pathology between January 2014 and December 2016 in our institution. Patients were divided into two groups (detorsion of testes and orchyectomy); a third group was created as control group. All patients underwent blood exam before surgery; inclusion and exclusion criteria were created. We also evaluated the association between mean platelets volume and the testicular recovery during surgery Result: After reviewing medical charts following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 8 patients were enrolled in Group 1 and 11 patients in Group 2. 33 healthy controls were enrolled in Group 3. MPV value in Group 1 resulted significantly different (p < 0.01) from the value in Group 2 and 3. The duration of symptoms was shorter than 6 hours in 4/8 (50%) patients in Group 1; this early referral to hospital allowed prompt detorsion and testicular recovery. In these "early-presenting" patients, MPV value was significantly lower than in patients with torsion of testicular appendage (p = 0.01) and in controls (p = 0.001). Conclusion: MPV could be a useful adjunct in diagnosing TT, aiding its differential diagnosis with Torsion of the testicular appendage. The lower MPV value in "early-presenting" patients with TT suggests a role in predicting the testis viability, and therefore the appropriate treatment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Laparoscopic antireflux surgery in neurologically impaired children
Full text linkFrom May 1996 to April 2002, 48 laparoscopic fundoplications were performed after failure of medical treatment in 47 neurologically impaired infants and children affected by gastroesophageal reflux. Indications for surgery included vomiting, recurrent upper airway infections, failure of medical therapy, feeding difficulties with failure to gain weight, and instrumental (barium swallow and pHmetry) diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux. A standard approach was adopted, with minimal access modifications according to the patients' characteristics. In two patients, laparoscopic surgery had to be converted to open surgery because of severe kyphoscoliosis and accidental left emidiaphragm perforation. In another patient undergoing a laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication, a re-do laparoscopic operation was performed. Postoperative analgesia was administered during the first 12 h, and fluid intake and feeding were begun on days 1 and 2, respectively. All patients clinically improved except two; a paraesophageal hernia developed in one, and a stenosis developed in the other. We strongly believe that laparoscopic fundoplication can be successfully adopted in neurologically impaired children as well as in pediatric patients as a whole, with the same advantages and far fewer drawbacks than are expected in adults
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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