3,493 research outputs found
Data protection tra Unione europea, Italia e Svizzera
No full textVolume conclusivo del Modulo Jean Monnet “Personal data protection as a fundamental right in the EU in the digital age - A dialogue among Constitutional Law, Criminal Law, Civil Procedure Law and Judicial Protection of IP Rights” (co-finanziato dalla Commissione europea nell'ambito del Programma Erasmus+- Azione Jean Monnet), svoltosi nel Corso di studi in Giurisprudenza dell’Università degli Studi dell’Insubria negli anni 2015-2019 - Academic Coordinator: Giulia Tiberi; Key Module Leaders: Giulia Tiberi (per il Curriculum costituzionalistico), Francesca Ferrari (per il Curriculum processual-civilistico), Gilda Ripamonti (per il Curriculum penalistico).
Il Volume raccoglie saggi dedicati ad approfondire, con taglio interdisciplinare, il tema della "data protection" nella sua dimensione di diritto fondamentale della persona, alla luce delle novità introdotte dalla nuova normativa dell’Unione europea e nazionale sulla "data protection" entrata in vigore nel 2018 (Regolamento Ue n. 2018 - GDPR e Direttiva Ue n. 2016/680; D.lgs. n. 101/2018) ) e alla luce della giurisprudenza dei giudici europei e nazionali, con particolare riferimento ai profili di diritto costituzionale, diritto processuale civile e diritto penale indagati durante gli anni di corso del Modulo Jean Monnet.
Tra gli Autori del Volume, oltre alle tre “key module leaders” docenti del Modulo Jean Monnet, vi sono funzionari di autorità garanti del settore, professori di altre Università esperti della materia, avvocati italiani e svizzeri, nonchè dottorandi di ricerca: la riflessione ha così potuto estendersi a considerare le novità del nuovo quadro normativo e dei poteri delle autorità garanti dei dati personali (col saggio della Dott. Roberta Pacetti, Funzionario del Garante per la protezione dati personali), le nuove sfide legate al ricorso all'intelligenza artificiale e ai fenomeni dei "Big Data" e del "Machine Learning" (col saggio del Prof. Alessandro Mantelero) , i risvolti penalistici del crescente fenomeno del cd. “furto di identità digitale” (nel saggio del Prof. Roberto Flor), il trattamento dei dati personali per finalità di marketing e profilazione (nel saggio dell’Avv. Andrea Mantovani), i controlli a distanza dei lavoratori (nel saggio del dottorando di ricerca Mattia Polizzi), i rapporti tra “data protection” e accesso agli atti amministrativi (nel saggio dell’Avv. Maurizio Lo Gullo). Una particolare attenzione è stata inoltre dedicata alla analisi degli aspetti internazional-privatistici delle azioni per risarcimento danni conseguenti alle violazioni del Regolamento europeo protezione dati (nel saggio della Prof. Ornella Feraci), corredata dalla valutazione della portata extraterritoriale propria del Regolamento europeo protezione dati, indagata in una prospettiva transnazionale - resa evidente sin dal titolo del Volume - con riferimento al vicino ordinamento elvetico (grazie al saggio dell’avvocato svizzero Giorgia Collina) e già oggetto di indagine da parte del Centro Studi di diritto svizzero dell’Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, diretto dal Prof. Paolo Bertoli
Neuronal pathophysiology featuring PrPCand its control over Ca2+metabolism
No full textCalcium (Ca2+) is an intracellular second messenger that ubiquitously masters remarkably diverse biological processes, including cell death. Growing evidence substantiates an involvement of the prion protein (PrPC) in regulating neuronal Ca2+homeostasis, which could rationalize most of the wide range of functions ascribed to the protein. We have recently demonstrated that PrPCcontrols extracellular Ca2+fluxes, and mitochondrial Ca2+uptake, in neurons stimulated with glutamate (De Mario et al., J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2736-46), suggesting that PrPCprotects neurons from threatening Ca2+overloads and excitotoxicity. In light of these results and of recent reports in the literature, here we review the connection of PrPCwith Ca2+metabolism and also provide some speculative hints on the physiologic outcomes of this link. In addition, because PrPCis implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including prion disorders and Alzheimer's disease, we will also discuss possible ways by which disruption of PrPC-Ca2+association could be mechanistically connected with these pathologies
Improving Heuristics for Planning and Search in Belief Space
No full textSearch in the space of beliefs has been proposed as a convenient framework for tackling planning under uncertainty.
Significant improvements have been recently achieved, especially thanks to the use of symbolic model checking techniques such as Binary Decision Diagrams. However, the problem is extremely complex, and the heuristics available so far are unable to provide enough
guidance for an informed search.
In this paper we tackle the problem of defining effective heuristics for driving the search in belief space. The basic intuition is that the "degree of knowledge" associated with the belief states reached by partial plans must be explicitly taken into account when deciding the search direction. We propose a way of ranking belief states depending on their degree of knowledge with respect to a given set of boolean functions.
This allows us to define a planning algorithm based on the identification and solution of suitable "knowledge subgoals", that are used as intermediate steps during the search. The solution of knowledge subgoals is based on the identification of "knowledge
acquisition conditions", i.e. subsets of the state space from where it is possible to perform knowledge acquisition actions.
We show the effectiveness of the proposed ideas by observing substantial improvements in the conformant planning algorithms of MB
A imagem de Alessandro Baricco no Brasil
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Florianópolis, 2013.Com a intenção de delinear o modo pelo qual o escritor italiano Alessandro Baricco se inseriu no sistema literário brasileiro e os caminhos percorridos pelos seus livros traduzidos, esta dissertação dá voz às experiências tradutórias de seus tradutores. A inserção de Bariccono Brasil tem seu início em 1997, através de uma proposição da Profa. Dra. Roberta Barni à editora Iluminuras da tradução de Oceano Mare. A partir daí, outras sete obras foram publicadas no Brasil, sendo três delas traduzidas por Roberta Barni e as outras quatro por quatro tradutores diferentes. De um lado, considera-se o tradutor como figura principal namediação entre culturas, e, de outro, se analisa a realidade desta figuradentro do sistema literário, sua invisibilidade, seus limites e o exercíciode sua profissão. A pesquisa conta, ainda, com críticas e resenhas referentes ao autor italiano publicadas em jornais consagrados no Brasil, considerando estas como parte constituinte da imagem de Baricco refletida em território nacional. Abstract : Intending to delineate the way the Italian writer Alessandro Baricco has been inserted in the Brazilian literary system and the paths his translated books have followed, this thesis gives voice to the translating experiences of his translators. Baricco's insertion in Brazil began in 1997, through a personal project of Dr. Roberta Barni, with her translation of Oceano Mare. Since then, seven other of his works have been published in Brazil, three of which were translated by Roberta Barni and the other four by four different translators. On the one hand,the translator is considered as the main figure in mediation betweencultures and, on the other, this figure's reality is analyzed within theliterary system: its invisibility, its limits and its professional practice. Criticisms and reviews of this Italian author published in well established Brazilian newspapers are also considered, with the understanding that they are part of Baricco's image reflected here
Il marketing nell’era dell’iperconnessione
No full textIl capitolo si focalizza sull’evoluzione del marketing guidata dall’affermarsi del paradigma digitale, in un contesto economico e sociale divenuto ormai iper-connesso e dominato dagli algoritmi. Dopo un rapido excursus storico, per comprendere la natura delle sfide e delle opportunità inerenti, il contributo utilizza due prospettive complementari: una orientata all’analisi dei principali mutamenti nell’ambiente esterno e una incentrata sull’analisi delle risorse e competenze chiave richieste oggi al marketing. Ciò consente di evidenziare tanto le nuove logiche del valore quanto i principi fondanti che rimangono immutati. Il capitolo si chiude con due approfondimenti specifici sul tema dei dati e delle strategie nei mercati iper-connessi
From cell protection to death: may Ca2+ signals explain the chameleonic attributes of the mammalian prion protein?
No full textIt is now accepted that a conformational change of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) generates the prion, the infectious agent responsible for lethal neurodegenerative disorders, named transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, or prion diseases. The mechanisms of prion-associated neurodegeneration are still obscure, as is the cell role of PrP(C), although increasing evidence attributes to PrP(C) important functions in cell survival. Such a behavioral dichotomy thus enables the prion protein to switch from a benign role under normal conditions, to the execution of neurons during disease. By reviewing data from models of prion disease and PrP(C)-null paradigms, which suggest a relation between the prion protein and Ca(2+) homeostasis, here we discuss the possibility that Ca(2+) is the factor behind the enigma of the pathophysiology of PrP(C). Ca(2+) features in almost all processes of cell signaling, and may thus tell us much about a protein that pivots between health and disease
Physiopathologic implications of the structural and functional domains of the prion protein
No full textPrion diseases are invariably fatal neurodegenerative disorders affecting man and various animal species. A large body of evidence supports the notion that the causative agent of these diseases is the prion, which, devoid of nucleic acids, is composed largely, if not entirely, of a conformationally abnormal isoform (PrP(Sc) of the cellular prion protein (PrPc). PrPc is a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed sialoglycoprotein, the normal function of which is, however, still ill defined. Several modules have been recognised in PrPc structure. Their extensive analysis by different experimental approaches, including transgenic animal models, has allowed to assigning to several modules a putative role in PrPc physiology. Concurrently, it has underscored the possibility that alteration of specific domains may determine the switching from a beneficial role of PrPc into one that becomes detrimental to neurons, and/or promote the conversion of PrPc into the pathogenic PrP(Sc) conformer
Mitochondrial Channels
No full textEukaryotic cells are living organisms surrounded by a surface membrane, which also house other membranes that define intracellular organelles. Membranes are lipidic structures impermeable to hydrophilic molecules (polar or charged); this is why they harbour proteins, called ion channels and carriers, catalysing the life-requiring exchange of material between a cell and the external space, and between organelles and the cytoplasm. At variance from carriers, ion channels form aqueous pores crossing the lipid bilayer that allow the highly selective transmembrane passage of charged species, namely inorganic ions (e.g. Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-), with high potency (105-108 ions per second are transported by a single molecule); they also possess regulatory domains that open and close the pore upon specific stimuli (electric or chemical). Mitochondria are organelles composed of two membranes, in either of which channels are present. However, while channels in the outer membrane (OM) are justified by its the overall high permeability, the finding of these entities in the inner membrane (IM) was unexpected in view of its implication in the process of oxidative phosphorylation that imposes an extremely controlled permeability to ions. After the initial phenomenological description, substantial advances in the functional - if not molecular - identification of several mitochondrial channels, disclose the possibility that they take part in crucial schemes of mitochondrial functionality, as well as in dramatic cell events
La stima del valore nelle relazioni
No full textLe profonde trasformazioni in atto nello scenario economico mondiale hanno contribuito a rinnovare la consapevolezza della centralità del cliente nelle strategie aziendali. Da qui la necessità di offrire al mercato una value proposition superiore, dinamica e sostenibile, ancorando a essa la creazione del valore aziendale. In questa prospettiva, il volume approfondisce il contributo del Marketing alla creazione del valore dell’impresa. Dopo aver illustrato le fondamentali strategie alla base del miglioramento delle performance di marketing, il libro analizza i legami esistenti fra valore per il cliente, customer satisfaction e relazioni con i clienti, approfondendo tecniche di misurazione e implicazioni economiche. In questa nuova edizione sono stati approfonditi alcuni aspetti analitici e decisionali delle strategie di marketing, gli ambiti d’indagine concernenti il valore per il cliente e i gap di customer satisfaction. Inoltre, si è curato l’aggiornamento della letteratura, degli esempi e dei casi aziendali, nonché il riferimento alle implicazioni delle nuove tecnologie
Abdominal Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Thickness Are Independently Associated with Insulin Resistance
No full textAbdominal Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Thickness Are Independently Associated with Insulin ResistanceView session detail Author Block: SIMONA BERTOLI, ALESSANDRO LEONE, ANGELA SPADAFRANCA, RAMONA DE AMICIS, LAILA VIGNATI, GIORGIO BEDOGNI, ALBERTO BATTEZZATI, Milan, Italy Regional fat distribution rather than overall obesity has been recognized as the link between obesity and diabetes. The measurement of abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose thickness (SAT and VAT) by ultrasonography (US) is simple, inexpensive and non-invasive. We have recently shown that both VAT and SAT are associated with metabolic syndrome and its components but their association with insulin resistance (IR) remains unclear. To investigate such association, we carried out a cross-sectional analysis of 4108 Caucasian adults followed as outpatients at the International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS) in Milan. They were aged 18-87 years, were mostly females (71%) and had a median body mass index (BMI) of 28.7 (25.4 to 32.7). VAT and SAT were assessed by US using a validated protocol. HOMA-IR was used as surrogate index of IR. HOMA-IR was used as surrogate index of IR. 25,1% of the sample was detected to have IR (HOMA-IR > 3,6). The associations of VAT and SAT with IR was examined using multivariable linear regression with fractional polynomials. LogeHOMA was independently associated with VAT (cm), SAT0.5 (cm) and age-2 (years) but not with sex (R2 = 0.452, RMSE = 0.49) (Figure). We conclude that US-VAT and SAT are independently associated with IR in a large sample at different level of BMI
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