177,511 research outputs found
TROPICSAFE: WP1: Grapevine yellows Italy
No full textThis dataset contains the underlying data of the following publication:
Y. Zambon, A. Canel, A. Bertaccini, N. Contaldo, 2018. Molecular diversity of phytoplasmas associated with grapevine yellows disease in North-Eastern Italy. Phytopathology, 108:2, 206-214. DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-07-17-0253-R
In particular, the results obtained from a 3-year survey in different vineyards located in Treviso province (Italy) were presented in tables and figures. The tables 1-3 contain the number of grapevine and insect samples positive to phytoplasma presence and the molecular characterization of these prokaryotes on different genes. Lineages corresponding to different restriction profiles are shown, supporting the findings of a number of variants of different phytoplasmas among both, plants and insects. Table 4 contains the list of GenBank accession number of the sequences used in phylogenetic analyses in comparison with sequences obtained in the survey and listed in table 2
Factors affecting the spread of Bois Noir disease in Italian ‘Lambrusco’ vineyards.
No full textDuring 2003-2006 a research was carried out in 17 vineyards cv. Lambrusco to assess the influence on “bois noir” disease (BN)
spreading of the insecticides applied on grapevine canopies and of the environment surrounding vineyards. The tuf-type I BN
phytoplasma, that is associated to nettle, was clearly prevalent in the sampled vineyards. The insecticide treatments did not significantly
influence either the density of the vector inside the vineyard, or BN disease spreading. The frequency distribution of
symptomatic grapevines in some cases fitted to the Poisson distribution and in others to negative binomial distirbution. In the
vineyards with an aggregate distribution of symptomatic grapevines, an edge effect from a border side with nettle was usually observed.
The incidence of border sides not contiguous to grapevine rows on vineyard surface results associated to higher levels of
BN. The border side with nettle was significantly favourable to disease in the vineyards with aggregate distribution of symptomatic
grapevines. All the data support the importance of surrounding vegetation as source of inoculum of the BN phytoplasma
Robust ANalysis Of VAriance: an approach based on the Forward Search
No full textA simple robust method for the detection of atypical observations and the analysis of their effect in the ANOVA framework is presented. It is proposed to use a forward search procedure that orders the observations by their closeness to the hypothesized model. The procedure can be applied following two different strategies: one that adds units maintaining the relative group dimension and the other that adds only one new unit at each step of the search. The assessment of the goodness of the method is carried out through a simulation study. The method is then applied to real data. Results are presented through easy to interpret plots which are powerful in revealing the structure of the data. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Transovarial transmission in insect vectors.
No full textPhytoplasma ability to infect a new generation of insects by transovarial
transmission was demonstrated in some insect vector/plant host combinations
mainly by molecular evidence coupled with biological assays. Scaphoideus titanus
was the first one in which phytoplasma detection in eggs, newly hatched nymphs
and adults (reared on phytoplasma-free Vicia faba seedlings) was demonstrated.
This kind of transmission was proved also for mulberry dwarf phytoplasmas and for
the agent of white leaf disease of sugarcane, transmitted respectively by
Hishimonoides sellatiformis and Matsumuratettix hiroglyphicus. Recently
Cacopsylla pruni, vector of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’ and Cacopsylla
picta one of the main insect vectors of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ were also
shown to have phytoplasma transovarial transmission, therefore this kind of transmission
should be taken into consideration when epidemiological studies are performed
on phytoplasma-associated diseases. The fact that the insect is not only the
vector, but also a reservoir of the phytoplasma has implications for disease management,
increasing the difficulty of disease control. Up to now only a few phytoplasma
ribosomal groups such as 16SrI, 16SrX and 16SrXI have been demonstrated to be
transferred transovarially in their insect vectors, very likely those capable of better
adaptation to both plant and insect environments. Therefore, it can be speculated
that only strains of phytoplasmas with specific genetic characteristics have become
transovarially transmissible and probably only after a long host–parasite
relationshi
Comparison of the protective effect of (R)-alpha-methylhistamine and its prodrugs on gastric mucosal damage induced by ethanol in the rat
No full text1. The gastroprotective activity of two azomethine prodrugs of (R)-alpha-methylhistamine was examined in lesions induced by absolute ethanol (1 ml/rat intragastrically for 1 h).
2. Pretreatment with (R)-alpha-methylhistamine as well as with the prodrugs (30 and 100 mg/kg intragastrically [IG]) significantly reduced macroscopically visible lesions caused by ethanol, with protection being almost complete at 100 mg/kg.
3. Histologically, in rats pretreated with the three compounds ata dose of 100 mg/kg, the evidence of ; damage was rare, with the appearance of gastric mucosa being similar in the different treatment groups.
4. Present results are suggestive of a local component in the protective activity of (R)-alpha-methylhistamin
Fast numerical solution of nonlinear nonlocal cochlear models
No full textA fast full second order time-step algorithm for some recently proposed nonlinear, nonlocal
active models for the inner ear is analyzed here. In particular, we emphasize the properties
of discretized systems and the convergence of a hybrid direct-iterative solver for its
approximate solution in view of the parameters of the continuous model. We found that
the proposed solver is faster than standard sparse direct solvers for all the considered discrete models.
Numerical tests confirm that the proposed techniques are crucial in order to get fast and reliable simulations
Occurrence of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ in apple cultivars or selections grown in Trentino (North Italy) orchards.
No full textSevere apple proliferation (AP) epidemics are spread in the most important apple growing areas in Europe with a significant economic
impact on the production of marketable fruits. A genotype screening was undertaken on 41 apple cultivars and selections
showing no phytoplasma-related symptoms to identify natural resistance or tolerance to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’. Among
the tested cultivars or selections most of asymptomatic trees of cultivars Brina and Enova resulted to be positive to phytoplasma
presence, while in selection CO-OP12 only one out of 34 tested plants resulted positive to AP infection
Molecular characterization of phytoplasmas identified in Prunus species at the Canadian Clonal Genebank.
No full textIn Canada, more than 3,600 hectares (8,900 acres) are devoted to peach, nectarine and apricot cultivation with most production occurring in the provinces of Ontario and British Colombia. The farm gate value of peach, nectarine and apricot in Canada was more than $ 40 million in 2008. More than 90 accessions of peach, nectarine and apricot are represented at the Canadian Clonal Genebank (CCG). ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ (16SrI) and ‘Ca. Phytoplasma fraxini’ (16SrVII), have been recently identified affecting peach, Prunus persica (L.) Bastch, at the CCG, in a collection established in the field more than 15 years ago, and were partially characterized based on analysis of the 16S rDNA. In an extensive survey leaf samples from symptomatic and symptomless plants of all plants of the CCG were collected and total DNA was extracted. Phytoplasma universal 16S rRNA primers were used for direct amplification followed by internal primers in nested PCR assays. PCR products were obtained for samples only from 7 symptomatic plants. Plants lacking symptoms yielded no PCR products. The identified phytoplasmas were then further analyzed with multi-gene sequences (multiple phylogenetic markers) technique that currently provide a basis to better distinguish phytoplasma species or strains, characterize phytoplasma populations and define epidemiology and ecology further PCR assays followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses and/or sequencing of ribosomal protein l22, and tuf genes were carried out on the 16SrI and 16SrVII phytoplasma strains identified at the CCG. The accessions held at the CCG provide a unique research opportunity to assess phytoplasma occurrence and expression across a wide spectrum of Prunus genotypes. These studies may result in the identification of potential sources of resistance to these pathogens
Molecular identification of phytoplasmas infecting myrtle plantations in Sardinia (Italy).
No full textMyrtus communis is a bushy species of the Mediterranean area that produce very popular liquor: Red mirto and White mirto.
Preliminary studies in North Sardinia, resulted in the observation of a severe symptomatology associated with phytoplasma
presence. These studies continued, and recently a total of 33 symptomatic plants belonging to different cultivars in two plantations
were mapped and repeatedly tested using molecular methods. Phytoplasmas belonging to the 16SrI, 16SrII-F, 16SrIII, 16SrV-A,
16SrX-A, and 16SrXII-A subgroups were identified. Molecular assays on potential insect vectors showed that 16SrX-A+16SrI-B,
16SrXII-A and 16SrIII subgroups were present
Sempre in movimento
No full textAlmeno tre percorsi hanno portato verso il ’68:
- i forti, dirompenti segnali di un radicale cambiamento culturale, innanzitutto nella musica a livello di massa e poi nella letteratura e in altri campi;
- le prime iniziative, non più di piccoli gruppi, verso l’impegno sociale e in particolare verso il pacifismo;
- le interpretazioni sempre più aperte e progressiste delle innovazioni conciliari in aree cristiane giovanili.
A questi tre percorsi se ne aggiunge un quarto, che ha toccato forse meno o solo in parte chi veniva dal mondo cattolico: l’esigenza di sistemi di valori e stili di vita radicalmente alternativi a quelli delle generazioni precedenti (dal superamento di un modello familiare autoritario a rapporti di armonia con la natura e con gli altri, dal pacifismo integrale alla liberazione sessuale, ecc.), particolarmente esemplificata nella cultura Hippie e dei Figli dei fiori, nelle sperimentazioni delle comuni, nei look alternativi, ecc
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