30 research outputs found
Performance of Alternative European Wine Grape Cultivars in Southwestern Idaho: Cold Hardiness, Berry Maturity, and Yield
No full textThe cold tolerance, phenology, yield, and fruit maturity of alternative red- and white-skinned wine grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera) of European origin were compared with those of ‘Merlot’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ over two growing seasons in southwestern Idaho. Variability among alternative cultivars was detected for cold hardiness, onset of phenological events, yield, and fruit composition. The red-skinned cultivars Montepulciano and Tinto Cão were the least cold hardy of the alternative cultivars. The red-skinned cultivars Aleatico, Aglianico, and Graciano had similar yield but matured later than the leading cultivars Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon and were among the more cold-sensitive alternative cultivars. ‘Grüner Veltliner’, ‘Sauvignon Gris’, and ‘Trousseau’ cold acclimated early, had high midwinter bud cold hardiness, and had similar or higher yield and fruit maturity as the leading cultivars. The white-skinned cultivars Verdelho, Fernão Pires, Sauvignon Blanc Musqué, and Sauvignon Gris had similar or less vine injury, similar or earlier phenology, and similar yield and fruit maturity as the leading cultivars. The large berry size of the red-skinned cultivars Trousseau and Touriga Brasiliera warrants evaluation for wine quality. The cultivar variability identified in this study for cold hardiness, phenology, cluster architecture, and yield provides a useful guide for cultivar site selection
Comportamento ecofisiológico da videira (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivada em São Joaquim, Santa Catarina: área foliar, crescimento vegetativo, composição da uva e qualidade sensorial dos vinhos
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Florianópolis, 2010A região serrana de Santa Catarina, com destaque para São Joaquim, é uma das áreas de cultivo de uvas viníferas mais recentes no Brasil. As variáveis climáticas retardam o início do ciclo, que é mais longo em comparação com outras regiões. O maior período de maturação favorece o acúmulo de compostos do metabolismo secundário nas bagas, resultando em uvas e os vinhos com características distintas. O manejo das plantas ainda é pouco estudado, sendo que o comportamento ecofisiológico das plantas ainda não foi estabelecido para as regiões de altitude de Santa Catarina. O equilíbrio entre a área foliar e a produção beneficia o desenvolvimento das plantas, a maturação das bagas, a composição da uva e a qualidade dos vinhos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento vegetativo, a maturação da uva e as características sensoriais dos vinhos das variedades de videira (Vitis vinifera L.) Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot e Sauvignon Blanc, sob o efeito de diferentes níveis de área foliar, em um vinhedo de São Joaquim, no Planalto Serrano de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil, durante os ciclos fenológicos 2005/2006 e 2006/2007. Foram avaliadas plantas de um vinhedo comercial, implantado em 2002, conduzido em sistema espaldeira, a uma altitude de 1.293m. Os tratamentos de área foliar foram realizados a partir do desponte dos ramos, mantendo 12, 16, 20 folhas e sem o desponte dos ramos, com a remoção de todas as brotações lateriais (feminelas). O tratamento testemunha não recebeu manipulação do dossel vegetativo. A área foliar foi estimada a partir da superfície de cada folha utilizando um modelo direto e não destrutivo. A maturação foi monitorada avaliando o teor de sólidos solúveis totais, a acidez total titulável e o pH, a partir do estádio de mudança de cor das bagas. As variáveis de crescimento e rendimento foram avaliadas para estimar os índices de produção. Amostras de 30kg de uvas foram microvinificadas, sendo a análise sensorial dos vinhos realizada por julgadores experientes. A produção limitada das plantas ocasionou desequilíbrio, favorecendo o excessivo crescimento vegetativo. O crescimento vegetativo dos ramos da videira cessou durante a maturação da uva. Os resultados indicaram elevada qualidade da uva, que atingiu adiantado estágio de maturação. A precipitação pluviométrica excessiva afetou a qualidade da uva, principalmente durante o ciclo 2006/2007. Os vinhos apresentaram coloração e aromas frutados e florais intensos, boa estrutura, além de adequada acidez e gosto amargo pouco evidente. A área foliar apresentou influência sobre a composição das bagas e sobre a qualidade sensorial dos vinhos. A redução excessiva da área foliar (<1,0m2/kg de uva) limitou a acumulação de açúcares nas bagas, enquanto que o excesso de folhas está relacionado com maior intensidade de aromas vegetais nas características sensoriais dos vinhos. Os valores intermediários de área foliar (cerca de 2,5m2/kg de uva) proporcionaram as condições mais adequadas para o manejo do dossel, não afetando a maturação das bagas e com a melhor avaliação na análise sensorial dos vinhos.The mountain region of Santa Catarina, highlighting São Joaquim, is one of the recent areas to grow wine grapes in Brazil. The climatic variables extended the onset of the cycle, which is longer compared to other regions. A longer period of ripening allows the accumulation of secondary metabolic compounds in the berries, resulting in grapes and wines with distinct characteristics. The tree cultural practices are still little known, and the ecophysiological behavior of the plants has not been set for this region of Santa Catarina. The balance between leaf area and yield benefits the tree development, ripening of berries, the composition of the grape and wine quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vegetative growth, ripening of the grape and the sensory characteristics of wine of the cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Sauvignon Blanc under the effect of different levels of leaf area in a vineyard in São Joaquim, in the Planalto Serrano of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, during phenological cycles 2005/2006 and 2006/2007. For the measurements it was used a 1,293maltitude commercial vineyard established in 2002 and trained under vertical trellis system. Leaf area treatments were carried by topping of the shoots and keeping 12, 16 or 20 leaves or no topping, just removing all lateral shoots. The control treatment received no manipulation of the canopy. Leaf area was estimated by evaluating the surface of each leave using a direct and not destructive model. Ripening was monitored by evaluating the content of soluble solids, total acidity and pH from veraison to harvest. The variables of growth and yield were evaluated to estimate production index. Thirty kg grapes samples were microvinificated and sensory evaluation were performed by expert judges. The limited production of the trees caused imbalance, allowing excessive vegetative growth. The vegetative growth of the vines ceased during grape ripening. The results indicated high quality of the grapes, what reached an advanced stage of ripening. The excessive rainfall affected the quality of grapes, especially during the 2006/2007 cycle. The wines showed intense color and fruity and floral flavors, good structure, and also adequate acidity and little evident bitter taste. Leaf area influenced the berries composition and the sensory quality of wines. The excessive reduction of the leaf area (<1.0m2/kg grape) limited the accumulation of sugars in the berries, whereas the high amount of leaves is related to the more intensity of vegetal aromas in the sensory characteristics of the wines. The intermediate values of leaf area (about 2.5m2/kg grape) provided the best conditions for the canopy management, not affecting berries ripening and providing a best evaluation in the sensory evaluation of wines
Application of a Daily Crop Water Stress Index to Deficit Irrigate Malbec Grapevine under Semi-Arid Conditions
No full textPrecision irrigation of wine grape is hindered by the lack of an automated method for monitoring vine water status. The objectives of this study were to: Validate an automated model for remote calculation of a daily crop water stress index (CWSI) for the wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivar Malbec and evaluate its suitability for use in irrigation scheduling. Vines were supplied weekly with different percentages of evapotranspiration-based estimated water demand (ETc) over four growing seasons. In the fifth growing season, different daily CWSI threshold values were used to trigger an irrigation event that supplied 28 mm of water. All three indicators of vine water status (CWSI, midday leaf water potential (Ψlmd), and juice carbon isotope ratio (δ13C)) detected an increase in stress severity as the irrigation amount decreased. When the irrigation amount decreased from 100% to 50% ETc, 70% to 35% ETc, or the daily CWSI threshold value increased from 0.4 to 0.6, berry fresh weight and juice titratable acidity decreased, juice δ13C increased, the weekly CWSI increased, and Ψlmd decreased. Under the semi-arid conditions of this study, utilizing a daily CWSI threshold for irrigation scheduling reduced the irrigation amount without compromising the yield or changes in berry composition and remotely provided automated decision support for managing water stress severity in grapevine
Interactive Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Berry Exposure Aspect on Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon in an Arid Climate
No full textIsohydrodynamic behavior in deficit-irrigated Cabernet Sauvignon and Malbec and its relationship between yield and berry composition
No full textA splice of life (home, laptop, wi-fi)
No full textMetramorphosis is a process of change on borderlines and thresholds between being and absence,
memory and oblivion, 1 and non-I, a process of transgression and fading away. The metramorphic
consciousness has no centre, cannot hold a fixed gaze -or, if it has a centre, it constantly slides to the
borders, to the margins.1
This paper examines Bracha Lichtenberg Ettinger’s matrixial theory in relation to her concept of
Metramorphosis as “a process of change on borderlines and thresholds” 2 when experienced from the
perspective of living at home during the pandemic. It attempts to do this by addressing the
circumstances of the artist/author of this paper, as a way to (re)produce encounters, firstly lived
through the screen, then later developed upon through a palimpsestic process whereby layers and
layers of ‘artworking’ are applied through interdisciplinary virtual, digital and analogue methods, as a
response to working through the pandemic
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Influence of deficit irrigation and kaolin particle film on grape composition and volatile compounds in Merlot grape (Vitis vinifera L.)
No full textThe effect of deficit irrigation and a kaolin-based, foliar reflectant particle film (PF) on grape composition and volatile compounds in Merlot grapes was investigated over two growing seasons in semi-arid, south-western Idaho. Vines were provided with differential amounts of water based on their estimated crop evapotranspiration (ET[subscript c]) throughout berry development, and particle film was applied to half of the vines in each irrigation main plot. Free and bound volatile compounds in grapes were analyzed using stir bar sorptive extraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SBSE–GC–MS). The concentrations of free C₆ compounds (hexanal, trans-2-hexenal, and 1-hexanol) decreased, and bound terpene alcohols (nerol and geraniol) and C₁₃-norisoprenoids (β-damascenone, 3-hydroxy-β-damascenone, 1,1,6-trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene, and 3-oxo-α-ionol) increased in berries each year in response to severity of vine water stress. Concentrations of C₁₃-norisoprenoids and bound forms of nerol and geraniol were positively correlated with their concentrations in the corresponding wines. Particle film application had minimum effect on free and bound volatile composition in the grapes, and there was no interactive effect between particle film and deficit irrigation. However, particle film application enhanced the total amount of berry anthocyanins
Evaluation of neural network modeling to predict non-water-stressed leaf temperature in wine grape for calculation of crop water stress index
No full textPrecision irrigation management in wine grape production is hindered by the lack of a reliable method to easily quantify and monitor vine water status. Mild to moderate water stress is desirable in wine grape for controlling vine vigor and optimizing fruit yield and quality. A crop water stress index (CWSI) that effectively monitors plant water status has not been widely adopted in wine grape because of the need to measure well-watered and non-transpiring leaf temperature under identical environmental conditions. In this study, we calculated a daily CWSI for the wine grape cultivars Syrah and Malbec (Vitis vinifera L.) by estimating well-watered leaf temperature with an artificial neural network (NN) model and non-transpiring leaf temperature based on the cumulative probability of the measured difference between ambient air and deficit-irrigated grapevine leaf temperature. We evaluated the reliability of this methodology by comparing the calculated CWSI to midday leaf water potential and irrigation amount in replicated plots of above ground, drip-irrigated vines provided with 30, 70 or 100% of their estimated evapotranspiration demand under warm, semiarid field conditions in southwestern Idaho USA. Infrared and environmental sensors were used to monitor leaf temperature and weather conditions throughout berry development. The input variables for the NN model with lowest error were 15-minute average values for air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and wind speed collected between 13:00 and 15:00 MDT. A feed-forward perceptron NN model was developed for each cultivar because of their difference in well-watered leaf temperature. Predicted and measured well-watered leaf temperature had correlation coefficients of 0.91 and 0.86 for ‘Syrah’ and ‘Malbec’, respectively. Non-transpiring leaf temperature for both cultivars was air temperature plus 15 degrees Celsius. The daily CWSI consistently differentiated between deficit irrigation amounts, irrigation events, and rainfall and explained between 51 and 70% of the variability in midday leaf water potential. The methodology used to calculate a daily CWSI for wine grape in this study provided a real-time indicator of vine water status that could be automated for use as a decision-support tool in a precision irrigation system
Water deficit severity during berry development alters timing of dormancy transitions in wine grape cultivar Malbec
No full textSystematic review: The impact of inflammatory bowel disease-related fatigue on health-related quality of life
No full textBACKGROUND: Fatigue is frequently reported in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and impacts on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). HRQoL has not been systematically reviewed in IBD fatigue., AIM: To investigate what impact IBD fatigue has on HRQoL in adults with IBD., METHODS: Systematic searches (CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Medline) were conducted on 25 September 2018, restricted to 'human', 'adult', 'primary research' and 'English language'. Search terms encompassed concepts of 'fatigue', 'IBD' and 'HRQoL'. A 5-year time limit (2013-2018) was set to include the most relevant publications. Publications were screened, data extracted and quality appraised by two authors. A narrative synthesis was conducted., RESULTS: Eleven studies were included, presenting data from 2823 participants. Fatigue experiences were significantly related to three HRQoL areas: symptom acceptance, psychosocial well-being and physical activity. Patients reporting high fatigue levels had low symptom acceptance. Psychosocial factors were strongly associated with both fatigue and HRQoL. Higher social support levels were associated with higher HRQoL. Physical activity was impaired by higher fatigue levels, lowering HRQoL, but it was also used as a means of reducing fatigue and improving HRQoL. Quality appraisal revealed methodological shortcomings in a number of studies. Notably, use of multiple measures, comparison without statistical adjustment and fatigue and HRQoL assessment using the same tool were some of the methodological shortcomings., CONCLUSION: Psychosocial factors, symptom management and acceptance and physical activity levels have significant impact on HRQoL. Results support application of psychosocial or exercise interventions for fatigue management. Further exploration of HRQoL factors in IBD fatigue is required, using validated fatigue and HRQoL measures., PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42018110005. Copyright © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/flgastro-2019-10135
