151,212 research outputs found
Coffee berry disease in Kenya
No full textData are presented on research in Kenya in 1964 - 1969 on anatomical, mycological, epidemiological, chemical control and cultural aspects of coffee berry disease, Colletotrichum coffeanum Noack, of Coffea arabica L. The pathogen causes flower and berry losses and was found in branches where it occupied clearly defined areas of the cortex just before or after formation of the first phellogen. Saprophytic Colletotrichum spp. inhabit bark areas with more periderms in the cortex. No relationship could be found in Kenya between Glomerella cingulata (Stonem.) Sp. & Schr., the perfect stage of most of the saprophytic Colletotrichum bark components, and C. coffeanum . The seasonal fluctuations in pathogenicity in the bark population of C. coffeanum could be assessed and compared with the total sporulating capacity of the bark population of all Colletotrichum spp. Formerly the level of this total sporulating capacity, or 'inoculum potential' as it was then called, was used as an indication when pre-rain copper sprays had to be applied and how effectively the fungicide had reduced the bark inoculum. Based on these data the recommendations for chemical control were changed from pre-rain fungicide applications, to a spraying regime well into the rainy period, the accent being on protection of the berries rather than on a reduction of the bark inoculum. The fungicide Ortho Difolatan proved to be more effective than copper based compounds. Cultural practices, like the application of high levels of fertilizers, manure and mulch and rigid pruning practices, had no effect on the level of C. coffeanum in branches. Copper containing fungicides pushed the Colletotrichum balance in favour of C. coffeanum . Berries from non-copper sprayed coffee fields were less susceptible to standard conidial suspensions of C. coffeanum than berries from copper sprayed trees. A similar effect of fungicides should be considered in South and Central American coffee growing countries, where the application of fungicides has increased tremendously since the occurrence of Hemileia vastatrix Berk. et Br. in Brazil
Ethylene signalling receptors and transcription factors over the grape berry development: gene expression profiling
No full textThe ethylene signalling pathway has never been fully described in grapes. Regarded as a non-climacteric fruit, grape berry seems to ripen independently to ethylene, however 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a specific inhibitor of ethylene receptors has been shown to alter berry ripening processes. Here, we report profiles of transcript abundance of various receptors and transcription factors, associated with ethylene signalling, throughout berry development. Transcript abundance of ortholog VvETR2 gene showed a transient peak at the inception of ripening in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' berries coinciding with an internal ethylene peak, prior to colour changes. The transcripts of other orthologs such as VvRTE1 and VvEIN4 steadily increased over the berry development, while VvERS1 ortholog transcripts exhibited a peak of accumulation only when the berries were fully coloured. Finally, mRNAs of two transcription factors, VvEIN3 and VvMADS4, showed strong accumulation during the late phase of berry ripening. We also observed inflections of mRNA accumulation after incubating berry clusters with ethylene and 1-MCP (inhibitor of ethylene action). The main effect was observed with VvEIN3 transcripts that showed a significant up-regulation after incubation with 1-MCP. Furthermore, other transcript levels (VvETR2 and VvCTR1) were also increased by exogenous ethylene, once the colour change was initiated (i.e. 10 to 11 weeks after bloom). Some studies have already indicated that non-climacteric fruits shared signalling pathways with climacteric fruits. However, most differences between these ripening classifications remain poorly described at the genetic/molecular level. This data set will contribute to a better understanding on potential involvements of ethylene signalling in a non-climacteric fruit such as grape berry
Vascular functioning and development of the kiwifruit berry (Actinidia deliciosa)
No full textThe aim of this study was to understand kiwifruit berry development and the role of cell turgor and the phloem unloading pathway in development. Important aspects of berry development include the size of the fruit and its composition. The fresh weight growth curve of the kiwifruit berry was shown to be double sigmoid in shape. Dry weight accumulated linearly for the initial 139 days after anthesis (DAA). At this time the soluble solids concentration began to increase. Berry firmness was measured using two methods, with the penetrometer and with a new non-destructive method, utilising skinfold callipers. Both methods exhibited similar results, indicating that the skin callipers may be useful in the future for non-destructive berry rheological measurements.
Cell turgor was measured indirectly from measurements of symplasmic and apoplasmic solute potentials, and the matric potential of the berry. Apoplasmic sap, required to measure the apoplasmic solute potential, was extracted using two different methods the pressure chamber and through centrifugation. Measurements of sap osmotic potential suggest that the sap extracted using the centrifuge was contaminated with symplasmic sap, resulting in a negative cell turgor estimate. However, the pressure chamber technique provided apoplasmic sap that produced a more accurate estimate of cell turgor. Direct estimates of cell turgor were only obtained from the midpoint of the growing season because of contamination with symplasmic sap, but the values obtained were comparable to literature values for developing grape and tomato berries.
The phloem unloading pathway in the fruit was investigated using a symplasmic tracer dye, carboxyfluorescein diacetate coupled with 14C labelling and autoradiography. The phloem unloading pathway was symplasmic until 91 DAA when the dye was restricted to the phloem cells only, indicating a change to an apoplasmic pathway. However, due to the lack of functional unloading seen in radiolabelled samples, a change in the phloem unloading pathway could not be confirmed
UV-B and abscisic acid effects on grape berry maturation and quality
No full textThis review provides an overview of existing literature on the effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation and abscisic acid (ABA) on physiological and biochemical aspects affecting grape berry (Vitis vinifera L.) growth, maturation and their quality for winemaking. The UV-B (280?315 nm) comprises only a small fraction of sunlight that reaches the Earth?s surface, but has enough energy to cause large photobiological effects on higher plants. The UV-B levels are greater in the tropics than in upper latitudes and also increase with altitude, hence some vineyards are exposed to high UV-B but photoprotection and repair mechanisms are usually sufficient to prevent the occurrence of damage in grapevine tissues. ABA is a phytohormone that, aside to control stomatal aperture, regulates acclimation to adverse environmental conditions, and controls grape berry maturation (non-climacteric). A promotive effect of UV-B on ABA biosynthesis has been found in grapevine leaves. Accumulation of phenols (namely phenolic acids, stilbenes and flavonoids) is an acclimation and protective response against UV-B, either directly by absorbing UV-B in epidermal tissues and/or by reducing its penetration through underlying tissues, or indirectly by scavenging free radicals so acting as antioxidants. High UV-B and ABA applications increase total phenols in grape berries, but those with higher antioxidant capacity (i.e. dihydroxylated anthocyanidins and flavonols like quercetin) are increased relatively more. These treatments also hasten berry sugar and phenol accumulation, but reduce berry growth and sugar per berry at harvest, and therefore decrease yield. The quality of grape berries for winemaking integrates various aspects, but for red wines, it has a high correlation with accumulation of phenolics stimulated by UV-B and ABA.Fil: Berli, Federico Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Mendoza. Instituto de Biologia Agricola de Mendoza; Argentina;Fil: Bottini, Ambrosio Ruben. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Mendoza. Instituto de Biologia Agricola de Mendoza; Argentina
Polarization singularities in isotropic random vector waves
No full textFollowing Nye & Hajnal, we explore the geometry of complex vector waves by regarding them as a field of polarization ellipses. Singularities of this field are the C lines and L lines, where the polarization is purely circular and purely linear, respectively. The singularities can be reinterpreted as loci of photon spin 1 (C lines) and 0 (L lines). For Gaussian random superpositions of plane waves equidistributed in direction but with an arbitrary frequency spectrum, we calculate the density (length per unit volume) of C and L lines
Bill to James Berry from William B. Dewees, an Old 300 colonist
No full textDEWEES, WILLIAM B. (1819-1878). Document signed, Colorado County, January 31, 1844. Bill to James Berry. Dewees was author of “Letters From An Early Settler of Texas To A Friend.” 2pp
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Olga Stychin and Alice B. Donahue
No full textPhotograph - Olga Stychin and Alice B. Donahue on a berry picking trip, Athabasca, Albert
Berry, B K, QX4397
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/371565Surname: BERRY
Given Name(s) or Initials: B K
Military Service Number or Last Known Location: QX4397
Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 20919182060
Item: [2016.0049.03892] "Berry, B K, QX4397
Berry, A B, 3950005
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/371552Surname: BERRY
Given Name(s) or Initials: A B
Military Service Number or Last Known Location: 3950005
Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: SEA-2361182047
Item: [2016.0049.03879] "Berry, A B, 3950005
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