300 research outputs found
Does R&D-cooperation behavior differ between regions?
No full textThis paper investigates interregional differences in cooperative behavior of manufacturing establishments in the field of research and development (R&D). The empirical analysis for eleven European regions reveals a number of significant differences between these regions in the propensity to cooperate as well as with respect to the number of cooperation partners between the regions. -- Die Arbeit geht der Frage nach, inwiefern interregionale Unterschiede des Kooperationsverhaltens von Industriebetrieben auf dem Gebiet der Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) bestehen. Die empirische Analyse für elf europäische Regionen ergibt eine Reihe an signifikanten Unterschieden zwischen diesen Regionen sowohl hinsichtlich der Kooperationsneigung als auch in Bezug auf die Anzahl der Kooperationspartner.Innovation,R&D-cooperation,regional innovation systems,Innovation,FuE-Kooperation,Regionale Innovationssysteme
ESTIMATION ISSUES IN SINGLE COMMODITY GRAVITY TRADE MODELS
No full textRecently gravity trade models are applied to disaggregated trade data. Here many zeros are characteristic. In the presence of excess zeros usual Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) is still consistent, the variance covariance matrix however is invalid. Correct economic interpretation however requires also the last. So alternative estimators are looked for. STAUB &WINKELMANN (2010) argue that zero-inflated count data models (i.e. zero-inflated Poisson / Negative Binomial Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (ZIPPML / ZINBPML)) are no alternative since under model misspecification these estimators are inconsistent. Yet zeroinflated Poisson Quasi-Likelihood (PQL) is a reliable alternative. It is consistent even under model misspecifications and beyond that robust against unobserved heterogeneity. Another alternative is a log-skew-normal Two-Part Model (G2PM) which generalises the standard lognormal Two-Part Model (2PM). It is insofar advantageous as it adjusts for (negative) skewness and regression coefficients retain usual interpretations as in log-normal models. PQL is useful for multiplicative gravity model estimation and G2PM for log-linear gravity model estimation. Exemplarily the estimators are applied to intra-European piglet trade to assess their empirical performance and applicability for single commodity trade flow analysis. The empirical part favours PQL but G2PM is a reliable alternative for other trade flow analyses. PQL and G2PM should become standard tools for single commodity trade flow analysis.Gravity Model, Excess Zeros, Poisson Quasi Likelihood, Generalised Two Part Model, Gravitationsmodell, Exzess an Nullen, Poisson Quasi Likelihood, Generalisiertes Zwei-Teile Modell, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Demand and Price Analysis, Financial Economics,
Book Reviews
No full textDie Industriestatistik Europas im Umbruch. (M. Müller)Statistik. DerWeg zur Datenanalyse. (L. Fahrmeir, R. Künstler, I. Pigeot, G. Tutz)Einführung in die Stochastik. (R.K.W. Viertl)Probability Theory III. (Y.V. Prokhorov, A.N. Shiryaev)Functional Data Analysis. (J.O. Ramsay, B.W. Silverman)Business Analysis Using Regression. (D.P. Foster, R.A. Stine, R.P. Waterman)Applied Regression Analysis. A Research Tool. (J.O Rawlings , S.G. Pantula, D.A.Dickey )Econometric Analysis of Count Data. (R. Winkelmann)MartingaleMethodes in FinancialModelling. Theory and Applications. (M.Musiela,M. Rutkowski)Conference on Statistical Science Honouring the Bicentennial of Stefano Franscini’sBirth. (C.A.G. Malaguerra, St. Morgenthaler, E.M.D. Ronchetti)</jats:p
Genetic variants of the promoter of the heme oxygenase-1 gene and their influence on cardiovascular disease (The Ludwigshafen risk and cardiovascular health study)
No full textBackground Heme oxygenase-1 is an inducible cytoprotective enzyme which handles oxidative stress by generating anti-oxidant bilirubin and vasodilating carbon monoxide. A (GT)n dinucleotide repeat and a -413A>T single nucleotide polymorphism have been reported in the promoter region of HMOX1 to both influence the occurrence of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. We sought to validate these observations in persons scheduled for coronary angiography. Methods We included 3219 subjects in the current analysis, 2526 with CAD including a subgroup of CAD and MI (n = 1339) and 693 controls. Coronary status was determined by coronary angiography. Risk factors and biochemical parameters (bilirubin, iron, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides) were determined by standard procedures. The dinucleotide repeat was analysed by PCR and subsequent sizing by capillary electrophoresis, the -413A>T polymorphism by PCR and RFLP. Results In the LURIC study the allele frequency for the -413A>T polymorphism is A = 0,589 and T = 0,411. The (GT)n repeats spread between 14 and 39 repeats with 22 (19.9%) and 29 (47.1%) as the two most common alleles. We found neither an association of the genotypes or allelic frequencies with any of the biochemical parameters nor with CAD or previous MI. Conclusion Although an association of these polymorphisms with the appearance of CAD and MI have been published before, our results strongly argue against a relevant role of the (GT)n repeat or the -413A>T SNP in the HMOX1 promoter in CAD or MI
Pharmacogenomics, genetic testing and ethnic variability: tackling the ethical questions
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HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibition in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis: Effects Beyond Lipid Lowering
No full textGenetic variation in Fcγ receptor IIa and risk of coronary heart disease : negative results from two large independent populations
No full textBackground The role of the Fcgamma receptor IIa (FcgammaRIIa), a receptor for C-reactive protein (CRP), the classical acute phase protein, in atherosclerosis is not yet clear. We sought to investigate the association of FcgammaRIIa genotype with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in two large population-based samples. Methods FcgammaRIIa-R/H131 polymorphisms were determined in a population of 527 patients with a history of myocardial infarction and 527 age and gender matched controls drawn from a population-based MONICA- Augsburg survey. In the LURIC population, 2227 patients with angiographically proven CHD, defined as having at least one stenosis [greater than or equal to]50%, were compared with 1032 individuals with stenosis H genotype was not independently associated with lower risk of CHD after multivariable adjustments, neither in the MONICA population (odds ratio (OR) 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81 to 1.44), nor in LURIC (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.81 to 1.14). Conclusion Our results do not confirm an independent relationship between FcgammaRIIa genotypes and risk of CHD in these populations
Living conditions and subjective well-being of farmers - An ordered response analysis of regional differences and changes over time
No full textThe liberalisation of trade with building down of tariffs and quotas, and with subsequently lower output prices, has enforced considerable structural changes in the agricultural sector. In Norway, both naturally given factors such as climate and topography, and social conditions such as a tradition for small family farms and strong governmental regulations, contribute in making this process even harder on the individual farmer. So how do the farmers respond? National farm statistics show that the amount of cultivated land stays approximately the same even though the number of farm units and agricultural employment falls annually. This implies that both farm size and productivity have increased. In this paper we utilise sample survey data on living conditions in agricultural households to examine whether we can observe changes in farmers ’experienced utility. Have contentment dropped and are there any obvious regional differences in contentment? The data consists of non-overlapping cross-sections for the years 1995 and 2002 and we make use of a standard ordered probability model in the estimations.
Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
No full textMultiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
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