1,356,608 research outputs found
Hydroscapha andringitra Perkins & Bergsten 2019, new species
No full textHydroscapha andringitra new species Figs. 26 (habitus), 28 (aedeagus), 30, 32, 33 (terminal abdominal segments), 39 (map) Type Material: Holotype (male): Fianarantsoa, Ambilavao, Sendrisoa, approx. 10km N of Andringitra NP, hygropetric, brownish muddy water seeping over rock (+ standing water with vegetation next to it), 22.00975S, 46.9504E, elev. 1165m, 7.v.2006, leg. J. Bergsten (NHRS). Paratypes: 10 females, same data as holotype (NHRS, MCZ, BMNH, PBZT / MBC). Differential diagnosis. Habitus as in Fig. 26 (imaged pre-dissection). Slightly larger in size than H. saboureaui (length to elytral apices ca. 0.82 vs. 0.79 mm), but with a smaller aedeagus, which has a much smaller internal sac (Figs. 27, 28). Also refer to the differential diagnosis of H. saboureaui, and see comparative notes following that species. Description (holotype male): Size (mm): length to elytral apices 0.82, total length 0.99 (variable due to telescoping last abdominal segments), width 0.46. Color dark brown to black, with legs, palpi and antennae lighter, testaceous in parts. Habitus as illustrated (Fig. 26). Aedeagus and terminal abdominal segments as illustrated (Figs. 28, 30, 32-33). Dorsum very finely sparsely punctate and with very indistinct short sparse setae. Configuration of ventral morphology typical for the genus. See comparative notes in section on H. saboureaui.Published as part of Perkins, Philip D. & Bergsten, Johannes, 2019, New Myxophagan water beetles from Madagascar (Coleoptera: Torridincolidae, Hydroscaphidae), pp. 57-96 in Zootaxa 4657 (1) on page 85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/336980
Incoltorrida zahamena Perkins & Bergsten 2019, new species
No full textIncoltorrida zahamena, new species Figs. 11 (habitus); 12 (genitalia); 36 (map); 50, 51 (habitat) Type Material. Holotype (male): Madagascar: Toamasina: Alaotra-Mangoro: Zahamena National Park, Antanandava Sect., midaltitude rainforest: Manambato river ~ 100m downstream of Camp Cascade, hygropetric rocks at night, 17.5438S, 48.7230E, 1280m, 10.III.2018, MAD 18-111, Leg. J. Bergsten & T. Ranarilalatiana (NHRS). Paratypes, same data as holotype (2 females NHRS, BMNH). Differential Diagnosis. Differentiated from other members of the genus by the combination of small size (ca. 1.97 mm), oval habitus (Fig. 11), pronotum without median longitudinal ridge, and elytron with eight costae. The elytral series are irregular, giving the elytra a scabrous appearance. Description. Size: holotype (length/width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.97/1.19; head width 0.39; pronotum 0.43/0.92; elytra 1.21/1.19. Dorsum dark brown to black, venter reddish brown, legs reddish brown except femoral-tibial articulations and tarsi dark brown. Sides of frontoclypeal shield slightly arcuate. Clypeus about as long as frons. Pronotum with short oblique carinae on anterior 1/3 moderately developed, no indication of midlongitudinal carina, area posterior to carinae transversely rounded, with no indication of ridges or depressions. Cuticle rough, subgranulate. Elytron with eight costae of varying height; costa #6 very low and short, costa #8 generally higher and stronger than other costae; transverse ridges between costae absent or very indistinct. Serial punctures large and coarse, producing scabrous appearance. Metaventral tabella with very faint, indistinct transverse grooves; midlongitudinal groove in posterior 1/2 of metaventral tabella widest at about midlength. Midlongitudinal carina of first abdominal ventrite strong and extends length of ventrite. Male genitalia in lateral view distinctively thickened in basal 1/2, apical 1/2 narrowing, with tip slightly widened and spinose (Fig. 12). Etymology. Named in reference to the type locality.Published as part of Perkins, Philip D. & Bergsten, Johannes, 2019, New Myxophagan water beetles from Madagascar (Coleoptera: Torridincolidae, Hydroscaphidae), pp. 57-96 in Zootaxa 4657 (1) on pages 76-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/336980
Acilius confusus Bergsten, 2006 in Bergsten & Miller 2006, sp.n.
No full textAcilius confusus Bergsten, 2006 in Bergsten & Miller 2006: 169 Paratype: 4 ♂. College Park / Md.[handwritten]IV.[typed]19[handwritten]54 // H.L. Dozier / Collector // [on red] PARATYPUS ♂ / Acilius confusus sp.n. / Bergsten, 2004 Conservation status: Good condition; pinned Paratype: 1 ♂. College Park / Md.[handwritten]10-26-48 / B.K.Dozier // IN Pond // [on red] PARATYPUS ♂ / Acilius confusus sp.n. / Bergsten, 2004 Conservation status: Good condition; pinned Paratype: 1 ♂. Columbus, O. / [handwritten] 11-4-21 / A.E.Miller // [on red] PARATYPUS ♂ / Acilius confusus sp.n. / Bergsten, 2004 Conservation status: Good condition; pinned Paratype: 1 ♂. College Park / Md.[handwritten]4.28[typed]19[handwritten]50 / B.K.Dozier // [handwritten] Pond // [on red] PARATYPUS ♂ / Acilius confusus sp.n. / Bergsten, 2004 Conservation status: Good condition; pinned Paratype: 1 ♂. College Park / Md.[handwritten]4.IV[typed]19[handwritten]54 // H.L. Dozier / Collector // f+f / in copula // [on red] PARATYPUS ♀ / Acilius confusus sp.n. / Bergsten, 2004 Conservation status: Good condition; pinned Paratype: 1 ♀. College Park / Md[handwritten].4.27[typed]19[handwritten]50 / [handwritten] B.K. Dozier // IN Pond // [on red] PARATYPUS ♀ / Acilius confusus sp.n. / Bergsten, 2004 Conservation status: Good condition; pinned Paratype: 1 ♀. MARYLANDCarolin / [handwritten] Henderson / [handwritten] 30 June 1983 / C. L. Staines, Jr. // ACILIUS / SEMISULCATUS Aube / det CLStaines.Jr. // [on red] PARATYPUS ♀ / Acilius confusus sp.n. / Bergsten, 2004 Conservation status: Good condition; right metaleg on card after third label; pinned Paratype: 1 ♀. Blue Hills, Mass // [handwritten] april14, 1917 / W. J.Clenck // Acilius / fraternus / Det. [handwrit- ten]1974 / W. L. Hilsenhoff // [handwritten] A. fraternus f. // [on red] PARATYPUS ♀ / Acilius confusus sp.n. / Bergsten, 2004 Conservation status: Good condition; pinned Paratype: 1 ♀. Blue Hills / Mass. [handwritten] 6april1916 / W.J.Clench // [handwritten] 2652 // [folded] ACILIUS / SEMISULCATUS / Aube / Det. FNYoung // Acilius / fraternus / Det. [handwritten] 1974 / W. L. Hilsenhoff // [on red] PARATYPUS ♀ / Acilius confusus sp.n. / Bergsten, 2004 Conservation status: Good condition; pinned Paratype: 1 ♀. College Park / Md.[handwritten]4.IV[typed]19[handwritten]54 // H.L. Dozier / Collector // [hand- written] circular / brick pond / in woods // [handwritten] f+f / in copula // [on red] PARATYPUS ♀ / Acilius confusus sp.n. / Bergsten, 2004 Conservation status: Good condition; pinnedPublished as part of Keller, Oliver, Schnepp, Kyle E., Ashman, Krystal L., Turnbow, Robert H. & Skelley, Paul E., 2020, An annotated catalog of the type material of Adephaga and Myxophaga (Coleoptera) deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods in Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, pp. 1-118 in Zootaxa 4744 (1) on pages 34-35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4744.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/369068
Incoltorrida quintacostata Perkins & Bergsten 2019, new species
No full textIncoltorrida quintacostata, new species Figs. 2, 7 (habitus), 17, 18 (genitalia), 23 (larva), 34 (map), 42, 43 (habitat), Type Material. Holotype (male): Fianarantsoa, 3.5km N Ivato, 20º 35.844’ S 47º 12.78’ E, rock face seep beside hwy. 7, elev. 1471 m, 5 xi 2014, P. D. Perkins (NHRS). Paratypes (193): Same data as holotype (19: NHRS, MCZ); Antsiranana, Anjiabe Ambony: Ambilobe: Antsabe stairways-like cascade with vertical (!) steps, exposed, extremely hot day, N: -13.60930 E: 48.72120, elev. 303 m, 23 xi 2004, Balke et al. (P25 MD16) (8 BMNH; 2 DNA extractions, #’s BMNH 670734, BMNH 670735); Diana: Antsaba: Galoko mountains, 3.4 km NW from Anstaba, S13.60931 E48.72129, aspirator, forceps, sieves: hygropetric rocks and pools, elev. 296 m, 28 xi 2012, elev. 296 m, 28 xi 2012, J. Bergsten, R. Bukontaite, J.H. Randriamihaja & T. Ranarilalatiana (MAD12-31) (5 NHRS); Diana: Antsaba: Galoko mountains, S13.60974 E48.72175, sieves and aspirator: hygropetric rocks and water pools, elev. 263 m, 25 xi 2012, J. Bergsten, R. Bukontaite, J.H. Randriamihaja & T. Ranarilalatiana (MAD12-26) (62 NHRS, BMNH, PBZT / MBC); Fianarantsoa, 3.2km S Ambohimanjaka, 20º 14.0343’ S 47º 5.59145’ E, waterfall and hygropetric habitat near hwy. 7, elev. 1415 m, 5 xi 2014, P. D. Perkins (95 NHRS & MCZ); Atsimo Antsinanana: R.S. Manombo: Parcelle I, Rearatra, Piste 56: S23.006183 E47.7338833, GB nets and sieves, forest stream with pools, elev. 21 m, 14 xii 2013, J.H. Randriamihaja & T. Ranarilalatiana (MAD13- 73) (3 NHRS); 20.7722S 47.1809E; Amoron’i Mania, 3km south of Ambalamanakana next to RN7, Ankazomivady forest, hygropetric rocks and marsh with vegetation, elev. 1700 m, 1 xi 2014, J. Bergsten, T. Ranarilalatiana & S. Holmgren (MAD 14-02) (1 NHRS). Differential Diagnosis. Differentiated from all other known Incoltorrida, except I. galoko, by the elytral sculpture. Each elytron has only five costae: #1, #2, #3, #5, and #8; costa #4, #6, and #7, which are present in other species, are absent in I. quintacostata (Fig. 2). The serial punctures are minute and very indistinct (microslide preparation necessary to see the punctures clearly). In this species the elytral costae are well developed in height, but comparatively narrow; the areas between the costae are quite flat. The transverse ridge that connects elytral costae #5 and #8 is more or less distinct (depending on the population). The anterior depressions of the pronotum are well developed and the foveae forming the medial margins of the ridges are narrowly separated and the intervening surface is transversely rounded, but there is no separate median carina. The pronotal sculpture and adult size of I quintacostata differ markedly from those of I. galoko, which also has five costae of each elytron. The ridges and impressions of the pronotum are similar to those of I. benesculpta, a much smaller species that has very different elytral sculpture; the aedeagi of the two species markedly differ (Figs. 18, 20). Description. Size: holotype (length/width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 2.33/1.32; head width 0.47; pronotum 0.51/0.93, elytra 1.50/1.32. Dorsum dark brown to black, venter brown to dark brown, legs brown except femoral-tibial articulations and tarsi black. Sides of frontoclypeal shield very slightly arcuate, almost parallel-sided, and only very slightly and gradually narrowed from frons vertex to the transverse anterior margin of the clypeus. Short oblique carinae on anterior 1/3 of pronotum are well developed; no indication of a midlongitudinal carina. Basal 1/3 of pronotum with distinctive carina on each side, each slightly oblique toward midline. Each elytron with only five costae: #1, #2, #3, #5, and #8; costae #4, #6, and #7 absent. Areas between costae quite flat, and serial punctures minute, very indistinct, a unilinear row located adjacent to the lateral margin of each costa. Transverse ridge linking costae #5 and #8 present, but more distinctive in some populations than others. Lateral margins of the metaventral tabella straight for most of their length, arcuate only very near base. Midlongitudinal groove in posterior 1/2 of the metaventral tabella is narrow and parallel-sided. Midlongitudinal carina of the first abdominal ventrite is moderately strong but usually does not extend the full length of the ventrite. Male genitalia long and slender (Figs. 17, 18); see remarks. Etymology. Named in reference to the five costae of each elytron. Remarks. Some specimens, such as the holotype, have the posterior angles of the pronotum very weakly shallowly notched; other specimens do not have this weak indentation, and some specimens have it only on one side. The male genitalia in ventral view is long and comparatively slender, with a quite spinose apical tip (Figs. 17, 18). Males vary considerably in body length, ca. 2.09–2.39 mm. The length of the aedeagus varies, roughly, in proportion to the body size; for example: (aedeagus length/body length): 0.73/2.18 (=0.33); 0.75/2.15 (=0.35); 0.77/2.09 (=0.37);0.80/2.24 (=0.36); 0.93/2.39 (=0.39, the holotype). The shape of the aedeagus does not vary significantly. This is the most commonly collected species of Incoltorrida (Fig. 34). Four larvae (NHRS) were collected at the type locality, and 54 larvae (NHRS) were collected at site MAD 12- 26. DNA sequences of partial CO1 (Acc. Nos. FJ819700 (BMNH 670734) and FJ819701 (BMNH 670735)) and partial 28S (FJ 818156 (BMNH 670734) and FJ818157 (BMNH 670735)) published by Monaghan et al (2009) are based on adult specimens, and are available in Genbank.Published as part of Perkins, Philip D. & Bergsten, Johannes, 2019, New Myxophagan water beetles from Madagascar (Coleoptera: Torridincolidae, Hydroscaphidae), pp. 57-96 in Zootaxa 4657 (1) on pages 68-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/336980
Incoltorrida benesculpta Perkins & Bergsten 2019, new species
No full textIncoltorrida benesculpta, new species Figs. 8 (habitus); 16, 20 (genitalia); 35 (map); 42, 43 (habitat) Type Material. Holotype (male): Fianarantsoa, 3.2km S Ambohimanjaka, 20º 14.0343’ S 47º 5.59145’ E, waterfall and hygropetric habitat near hwy. 7, elev. 1415 m, 5 xi 2014, P. D. Perkins (NHRS). Paratypes (19): Same data as holotype (13: NHRS, MCZ, BMNH, PBZT / MBC); Antsiranana, Sava, Mad.; Antsirana; Marojejy NP, 800m N from Camp I, Humbert waterfall; hygropetric; 14.4333S 49.773E; MAD 14-48, ex. bedrock pools at side of waterfall, elev. 550 m, 8 xi 2014, P. D. Perkins (MAD 14-48) (6 MCZ). Differential Diagnosis. Together with I. galoko the smallest known member of the genus (l/w ca. 1.85/1.05). The elytral costae are high and strong, and are more sinuate than in other species. The serial punctures are large and in sulcate grooves. The sculpture of the pronotum is similar to that of I. quintacostata, but I. benesculpta has a more distinct midlongitudinal carina in the basal half, and the sides of the pronotum in the anterior half are more arcuate. The elytra and the aedeagi of the two species are quite dissimilar. Description. Size: holotype (length/width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.85/1.05; head width 0.40; pronotum 0.40/0.81; elytra 1.17/1.05. Dorsum black, venter dark brown, legs brown except femoral-tibial articulations and tarsi black. Sides of frontoclypeal shield slightly arcuate toward the midline, such that apical part is slightly wider than the width at midlength, and slightly narrower than the posterior area of the frons. Short oblique carinae on anterior 1/3 of pronotum are well developed, no indication of midlongitudinal carina. The basal 1/3 has a short carina on each side, and a very low narrow midlongitudinal carina. Elytron with eight strong high costae; fourth costa interrupted with strong punctures; fifth costa weakly bisinuate; sixth and seventh costae very indistinct. Serial punctures large and distinct. Sides of metaventral tabella more distinctively arcuate than in other species. Midlongitudinal groove in the posterior 1/2 of metaventral tabella gradually widens from posterior to anterior. Midlongitudinal carina of first abdominal ventrite strong and extends length of ventrite. Male genitalia very short, with the apical part narrowed and spinose (Figs. 16, 20). Etymology. Named in reference to the markedly sculptured pronotum and elytra.Published as part of Perkins, Philip D. & Bergsten, Johannes, 2019, New Myxophagan water beetles from Madagascar (Coleoptera: Torridincolidae, Hydroscaphidae), pp. 57-96 in Zootaxa 4657 (1) on pages 72-73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/336980
Incoltorrida magna Perkins & Bergsten 2019, new species
No full text<i>Incoltorrida magna</i>, new species <p>Figs. 3, 4, 10 (habitus); 21 (genitalia); 36 (map); 40 (habitat)</p> <p> <b>Type Material.</b> Holotype (male): <b>Antsiranana</b>, Diana: Antsaba: Galoko mountains, 3.4 km NW from Anstaba, S13.60931 E48.72129, aspirator, forceps, sieves: hygropetric rocks and pools, elev. 296 m, 28 xi 2012, elev. 296 m, 28 xi 2012, J. Bergsten, R. Bukontaite, J.H. Randriamihaja & T. Ranarilalatiana (MAD12-31) (NHRS). Paratypes (36): Same data as holotype (1 NHRS); <b>Antsiranana</b>, Anjiabe Ambony: Ambilobe: Antsabe stairways-like cascade with vertical (!) steps, exposed, extremely hot day, N: -13.60930 E: 48.72120, elev. 303 m, 23 xi 2004, Balke <i>et al</i>. (P25 MD16) (35 BMNH, NHRS, MCZ, PBZT / MBC; 2 DNA extractions, #’s BMNH 670732, BMNH 670733).</p> <p> <b>Differential Diagnosis.</b> This is the largest known <i>Incoltorrida</i> species: l/w ca. 2.62/1.58. The elytral serial punctures are very distinct, as is the transverse ridge that links costae #5 and #8. The pronotum lacks the basal ridges seen in <i>I. quintacostata</i>, <i>I. benesculpta</i>, and <i>I. madagassica</i>. It is much larger than <i>I. marojejy</i> (2.62 vs. 2.19); <i>I. marojejy</i> lacks the pronotal midlongitudinal carina that is present in <i>I. magna</i>, and the frons plate is shaped differently in the two species. The male genitalia (Fig. 21) distinctively differ from that of the other species in the genus. See also the diagnosis of <i>I. madagassica</i>.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Size: holotype (length/width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 2.62/1.58; head width 0.50; pronotum 0.55/1.12; elytra 1.78/1.58. Dorsum dark brown to black, venter brown to reddish brown, legs brown to reddish brown except tarsi and femoral-tibial articulations black.</p> <p>Frontoclypeal shield narrowest at anterior 1/3, with sides of frons slightly arcuate; apical 1/3 is slightly wider than area of frontoclypeal suture.</p> <p>Short oblique carinae on anterior 1/3 of pronotum are well developed; a midlongitudinal carina is present, though not as developed as the oblique carinae; the area posterior to the carinae is transversely rounded and shows no indication of ridges or depressions, except for a basal impression in front of scutellum.</p> <p>Elytra quite convex, declivity steep. Each elytron with eight wide and high costae; #4 continuous, not interrupted by punctures; #5 weakly bisinuate; #6 and #7 distinct, though crossed by transverse ridge that connects #5 and #8. Second transverse ridge links #3 and #5, in nearly same plane as the #5-#8 ridge.</p> <p>Posterior 1/2 of metaventral tabella without distinctive, closely spaced transverse grooves; midlongitudinal groove in posterior 1/2 of metaventral tabella narrow and parallel-sided.</p> <p>Midlongitudinal carina of first abdominal ventrite not especially strong and extends only 1/2 length of ventrite.</p> <p>Male genitalia in lateral view distinctively arcuate; in ventral view widest at about apical 1/4, and then narrowed, with tips pointing slightly outward (Fig. 21).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Named in reference to the relatively large size.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. DNA sequences of partial CO1 (Acc. Nos. FJ819703 (BMNH 670732) and FJ819702 (BMNH 670733)) and partial 28S (FJ 818159 (BMNH 670732) and FJ818158 (BMNH 670733)) published by Monaghan <i>et al.</i> (2009) are based on adult specimens, and are available in Genbank.</p>Published as part of <i>Perkins, Philip D. & Bergsten, Johannes, 2019, New Myxophagan water beetles from Madagascar (Coleoptera: Torridincolidae, Hydroscaphidae), pp. 57-96 in Zootaxa 4657 (1)</i> on page 76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.1.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3369801">http://zenodo.org/record/3369801</a>
Incoltorrida galoko Perkins & Bergsten 2019, new species
No full text<i>Incoltorrida galoko</i>, new species <p>Figs. 13 (habitus); 36 (map); 40 (habitat)</p> <p> <b>Type Material.</b> Holotype (female): <b>Antsiranana</b>, “Anjiabe Ambony: Ambilobe: Antsabe stairways-like cascade with vertical (!) steps, exposed, extremely hot day, N: -13.60930 E: 48.72120, elev. 303 m, 23 xi 2004, Balke <i>et al</i>. (P25 MD16)” // DNA extraction, # BMNH 670736 (BMNH).</p> <p> <b>Differential Diagnosis.</b> An abundantly distinct species, differentiated from other members of the genus by the combination of small size, broadly oval body form, extreme pronotal sculpture, and each elytron with five costae. Currently know only from the female holotype, which is distinct morphologically, and also distinct according to DNA sequence data published by Monaghan <i>et al.</i> (2009) (Genbank Accession Nos. FJ819704 (partial COI) and FJ818160 (partial 28S)) from the two coexisting species <i>I. magna</i> and <i>I. quintacostata</i>.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Size: holotype (length/width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.74/1.14; head width 0.36; pronotum 0.43/0.76; elytra 1.07 /1.14. Dorsum dark brown, venter brown to reddish brown, legs brown to reddish brown except tarsi and femoral-tibial articulations black. Body form very broad, oval (Fig. 13).</p> <p>Sides of frontoclypeal shield very slightly arcuate, narrowest, but only slightly so, at frontoclypeal suture. Head slightly concave in front of eyes.</p> <p>Pronotal sculpture extreme (Fig. 13), ridges distinctly raised and depressions deep; anterior part with three carinae, midlongitudinal carina and oblique carinae on each side. Midlongitudinal carina terminating where, on each side is transverse timidity. Together, sculptural elements on disc somewhat resemble a snarling lion’s face.</p> <p>Each elytron with only five distinct well separated, granulate costae: #1, #2, #3, #5, and #8; costae #4, #6, and #7 absent. Merest hint of two transverse ridges, one linking costae #3 and #5 and one linking costae #5 and #8, later located just behind the humeral umbo. Nine rows of small serial punctures, two rows each between costae #4 and #5, #5 and #6, #6 and margin; three other rows single.</p> <p>Midventral area of metaventral tabella with distinct, widely spaced transverse grooves. Midlongitudinal carina of first abdominal ventrite, strong, extends length of ventrite.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Named in reference to the type locality.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The holotype female, which has been extracted for DNA, is unfortunately in pieces, and is missing several leg parts. The parts were glued together for the habitus figures (Fig. 13).</p>Published as part of <i>Perkins, Philip D. & Bergsten, Johannes, 2019, New Myxophagan water beetles from Madagascar (Coleoptera: Torridincolidae, Hydroscaphidae), pp. 57-96 in Zootaxa 4657 (1)</i> on page 81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.1.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3369801">http://zenodo.org/record/3369801</a>
La crise monétaire en Asie : les solutions proposées
No full textThe Monetary crisis in Asia: How to Remedy it, by C. Fred Bergsten
In this article Fred Bergsten re-examines the origins of and the course taken by the Asian currency turmoil, alleging that Taiwan had a hand in its propagation. He then develops a number of proposals designed to solve the current crisis and prevent any further disruption. Thus he cornes out in favour of implementing structural reforms of the financial Systems, particularly in Northeast Asia. He also defends the idea of creating an « Asian monetary fund » to supplement the action taken by the IMF, under the auspices of APEC, which in his view will be required to play a décisive role in resolving the crisis.Conseiller très écouté de la Maison-Blanche et observateur avisé de la crise asiatique, Fred Bergsten, dans cet article, revient sur les origines et le déroulement des turbulences monétaires, en mettant notamment en cause la responsabilité de Taiwan dans leur propagation. Il développe ensuite un certain nombre de propositions visant à résoudre la crise actuelle et à prévenir toute nouvelle perturbation. Il se montre ainsi favorable à la mise en place de réformes structurelles des systèmes financiers, notamment en Asie du Nord-Est. Il défend également l'idée de la création d'un « Fonds monétaire asiatique », en complément de l'action du FMI, sous l'égide de l'APEC qui est appelée, selon lui, à jouer un rôle décisif dans la résolution de la crise.Bergsten, Boussard Luc. La crise monétaire en Asie : les solutions proposées. In: Politique étrangère, n°4 - 1997 - 62ᵉannée. pp. 597-611
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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