22 research outputs found
Éducation bancaire: l’émergence d’un espace financiarisé et privatisé d’encadrement des pauvres
No full textInternational audienceIn the last ten years, a growing number of financial training courses tofight against banking exclusion have emerged in France, through publicpolicies and non-governmental projects. Based on the study of a “bankingeducation” project set up in 2004 in a French urban community, this articleshows how this space for financial education produces a specific market,in so much as it may be outsourced by the local authorities to consultingprofessionals. It also allows understanding that this outsourcing, whichimplies the financialization of the training of the neediest populations,highlights the need for the participation of bankers in the vast undertakingthat is training the poorest in rational management. In this respect, thearticle contributes to analyzing the contemporary configuration of thetreatment of poverty.Depuis une dizaine d’années, émerge, dans le paysage français des politiques publiques locales et des projets associatifs, un nombre croissant de dispositifs de formation financière ayant pour vocation la lutte contre l’exclusion bancaire. Fondé sur l’étude d’un dispositif d’« éducation financière » mis en place dans une communauté urbaine française depuis 2004, cet article montre comment cet espace de l’éducation financière produit un marché spécifique en tant qu’il est potentiellement délégué par les agents et élus des collectivités territoriales aux professionnels de la consultance. Il permet également de comprendre que cette délégation, en mettant en avant la nécessité de la participation des banquiers à ce vaste chantier de formation des plus pauvres à une gestion rationnelle, est traversée par un processus de financiarisation de l’encadrement des populations démunies. L’article est, en ce sens, une contribution à l’analyse des configurations contemporaines du traitement de la pauvreté
Making a Difference by Becoming the Same
No full text Based on an ethnographic study in an international petroleum company, this paper shows how a research scientist behind the discovery of groundbreaking new techniques distinguishes himself through his creative skills in formulating working instruments, organizational structures and human relations. The author argues that the more this actor is linked up with his institution, his objects of research, his co-workers, and so on, the more inventive he becomes; and the more inventive he becomes, the more he seemingly distinguishes himself by his singularity as an inventor – a genius who exists beyond social, material and cultural constraints. The author calls this actor the ‘distributed-centred subject’. </jats:p
Manili : un nou acròstic
No full textHe trobat un nou acròstic a l'obra de Manili, un acròstic que no pot ser casual, que revela intencions programàtiques o de reflexió sobre la mateixa poesia, que en la composició segueix la tècnica dels acròstics arateus i, agafant paraules de J.M. Jacques, segueix intencions artístiques expressant, en aquest cas, la noció aigua, que, unida a la de la navegació, ambdues amb un referent en l'activitat poètica, ens permeten veure l'autor dels Astronomica com un seguidor de l'escola alexandrina, de Cal·límac en particular, en els seus principis i símbols, i com un important poeta subtil.There is a new acrostic in the work of Manilius, an acrostic that cannot be casual, that reveals programatic intentions or thought about poetry. In its composition it follows the technique of Aratean acrostics and, in Jacques' words, follows artistic intentions: it expresses the notion of water that, together with that of navigation, and both with a referent in poetic activity, allow us to see the author of Astronomica as a follower of the principles and symbols of the hellenistic school, particularly that of Callimachus. This also shows the poet in his importance and subtlety
High shell deposition of the invasive clam Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) on alluvial bars: exploratory investigations and biogeomorphological research perspectives
No full textThe exotic, invasive freshwater bivalve Corbicula fluminea (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) has spread globally in rivers around the World within the last eighty years. Due to low inter-specific competition outside its native range, this mollusc often produces large quantities of shell within invaded rivers. These shells are deposited on alluvial bars during floods, potentially inducing changes in riverine geomorphological and ecological functioning. Based on observations undertaken on the middle Garonne River, we suggest that within invaded river systems, and at specific locations on alluvial bars, C. fluminea may represent a new factor contributing to the process of habitat construction and to the modification of the local physicochemical properties of the substrate. We suggest that deposited shells can be used as biochemical markers for several elements, such as heavy metals, and as geomorphic biomarkers for studying recent floodplain evolution and associated in-channel sedimentation rates.Le mollusque aquatique d’eau douce C. fluminea s’est répandu à travers le Monde depuis environ quatre-vingt ans. En raison d’une faible compétition interspécifique en dehors de son aire d’extension originelle, ce mollusque produit souvent de grandes quantités de coquilles dans les cours d’eau envahis. Ces coquilles se déposent sur les bancs alluviaux lors des crues, induisant potentiellement des modifications du fonctionnement géomorphologique et écologique de la zone riveraine. A partir d’observations entreprises sur la moyenne Garonne, nous suggérons que dans les hydrosystèmes fluviaux envahis, et à certains emplacements sur les bancs alluviaux, C. fluminea représente potentiellement un nouveau facteur de construction de l’habitat riverain et de modification des propriétés physicochimiques locales du substrat. Nous suggérons que les coquilles déposées peuvent être utilisées comme des marqueurs biogéochimiques de plusieurs éléments, par exemple les métaux lourds, et comme des bio-marqueurs géomorphologiques pour l’étude de l’évolution récente des plaines d’inondation et des taux de sédimentation au sein du lit mineur
Manili : un nou acròstic
No full textHe trobat un nou acròstic a l'obra de Manili, un acròstic que no pot ser casual, que revela intencions programàtiques o de reflexió sobre la mateixa poesia, que en la composició segueix la tècnica dels acròstics arateus i, agafant paraules de J.M. Jacques, segueix intencions artístiques expressant, en aquest cas, la noció aigua, que, unida a la de la navegació, ambdues amb un referent en l'activitat poètica, ens permeten veure l'autor dels Astronomica com un seguidor de l'escola alexandrina, de Cal·límac en particular, en els seus principis i símbols, i com un important poeta subtil.There is a new acrostic in the work of Manilius, an acrostic that cannot be casual, that reveals programatic intentions or thought about poetry. In its composition it follows the technique of Aratean acrostics and, in Jacques' words, follows artistic intentions: it expresses the notion of water that, together with that of navigation, and both with a referent in poetic activity, allow us to see the author of Astronomica as a follower of the principles and symbols of the hellenistic school, particularly that of Callimachus. This also shows the poet in his importance and subtlety
Pharmacogenetics of ophthalmic topical β-blockers
No full textGlaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. The primary glaucoma risk factor is elevated intraocular pressure. Topical β-blockers are affordable and widely used to lower intraocular pressure. Genetic variability has been postulated to contribute to interpersonal differences in efficacy and safety of topical β-blockers. This review summarizes clinically significant polymorphisms that have been identified in the β-adrenergic receptors (ADRB1, ADRB2 and ADRB3). The implications of polymorphisms in CYP2D6 are also discussed. Although the candidate-gene approach has facilitated significant progress in our understanding of the genetic basis of glaucoma treatment response, most drug responses involve a large number of genes, each containing multiple polymorphisms. Genome-wide association studies may yield a more comprehensive set of polymorphisms associated with glaucoma outcomes. An understanding of the genetic mechanisms associated with variability in individual responses to topical β-blockers may advance individualized treatment at a lower cost
Selective feeding of bdelloid rotifers in river biofilms.
No full textIn situ pigment contents of biofilm-dwelling bdelloid rotifers of the Garonne River (France) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and compared with pigment composition of surrounding biofilm microphytobenthic communities. Among pigments that were detected in rotifers, the presence of carotenoids fucoxanthin and myxoxanthophyll showed that the rotifers fed on diatoms and cyanobacteria. Unexpectedly, while diatoms strongly dominated microphytobenthic communities in terms of biomass, HPLC results hinted that rotifers selectively ingested benthic filamentous cyanobacteria. In doing so, rotifers could daily remove a substantial fraction (up to 28%) of this cyanobacterial biomass. The possibility that the rotifers hosted symbiotic myxoxanthophyll-containing cyanobacteria was examined by localisation of chlorophyll fluorescence within rotifers using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). CLSM results showed an even distribution of quasi-circular fluorescent objects (FO) throughout rotifer bodies, whereas myxoxanthophyll is a biomarker pigment of filamentous cyanobacteria, so the hypothesis was rejected. Our results also suggest that rotifers converted β-carotene (provided by ingested algae) into echinenone, a photoprotective pigment. This study, which is the first one to detail in situ pigment contents of rotifers, clearly shows that the role of cyanobacteria as a food source for meiobenthic invertebrates has been underestimated so far, and deserves urgent consideration
Chlorophyll fluorescence (red objects) in five bdelloid rotifer individuals under a confocal laser scanning microscope.
No full text<p>Scale bar is 100 µm. d: ingested diatoms. (A–E) Five randomly selected bdelloid individuals.</p
Do diet variations influence body condition of the French Mediterranean planktivorous teleosts?
No full textInternational audienc
Examples of HPLC absorbance chromatograms obtained at 440 nm from field samples.
No full text<p>(A) biofilm, (B): rotifer (946 individuals). 1: chlorophylls <i>c</i>; 2: fucoxanthin-like; 3: pheophorbide <i>a</i>; 4: fucoxanthin; 5: diadinoxanthin; 6: myxoxanthophyll; 7: cis-fucoxanthin; 8: zeaxanthin-like; 9: zeaxanthin; 10: lutein; 11: chlorophyll b; 12: echinenone; 13: chlorophyll a-like; 14: chlorophyll <i>a</i>; 15: pheophytin <i>a</i>; 16: α-carotene; 17: β-carotene 18: echinenone-like1; 19: echinenone-like 2.</p
