1,720,966 research outputs found
PhilanthropyÂ’s Role in The Fight for Marriage Equality A Literature Review and Historical Investigation for the Open Philanthropy Project
Full text linkThe campaign for marriage equality in the U.S. over the past couple decades is a remarkable success story. To better understand philanthropy's role in it, we commissioned Benjamin Soskis, whose work we've funded via our history of philanthropy project, to produce a literature review and case study. It covers the history of the campaign to secure marriage equality in the United States, which culminated in the Supreme Court's decision, in Obergefell v. Hodges, that the U.S. Constitution guarantees same-sex couples the right to marry
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Battle Hymn of the Republic: A Biography of the Song That Marches On
Full text linkThe Importance of a Song to the War Effort
John Stauffer (Harvard) and Benjamin Soskis (George Mason University) are both uniquely qualified by training and experience to undertake interdisciplinary studies, and in Battle Hymn they demonstrate this talent with great depth, insight...
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Open Philanthropy Project History of Philanthropy Case Study: The Founding of the Center for Global Development
Full text linkThis case study examines the founding and growth of the Center for Global Development (CGD), a think tank that conducts research on and promotes improvements to rich-world policies that affect the global poor
Frederick Gates and Philanthropic Timeliness
Full text linkAn embrace of perpetuity is often assumed to be one of the founding principles of modern American philanthropy. Yet while some of the pioneering figures in the field, such as Andrew Carnegie, explicitly and unreservedly championed the cause of perpetuity, the views of many others toward time-based considerations in philanthropy were more fluid and complex. This was certainly the case with Frederick Gates, the Baptist minister who served as John D. Rockefeller's chief philanthropic advisor, holding leadership positions in many of the Rockefeller foundations in their early, formative years. He can arguably claim to be more responsible than any other individual for crafting the animating theories that came to define 20th century American philanthropy
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The Impact of Philanthropy on the Passage of the Affordable Care Act
Full text linkThis report has two aims. First, it seeks to examine the role of philanthropy in the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) in March 2010; in this regard, it resembles a traditional case study of philanthropic impact. But it also uses that examination to address some of the epistemic and methodological challenges involved in evaluating policy advocacy more generally; in this way, it also seeks to present a metastudy of the narratives of impact that have emerged regarding philanthropy and health care reform and the evidentiary support on which they are grounded.The challenges in evaluating philanthropy's hand in shaping policy have been well documented; this report has certainly run up against many of them. Yet at least one of these challenges is addressed directly through the retrospective, historical approach that this report takes. If foundations have often found it difficult to evaluate grants aimed at affecting policy change because of the broad time horizon such transformation often requires, looking backwards from the vantage point of such a significant change—the passage of the ACA—provides an outstanding perspective on the question of philanthropic impact. Analysis is staked, in this case, to a particular legislative outcome. For this reason, this report does not engage the role of philanthropy in the implementation of the Affordable Care Act. However, it is important to note that many of the funders discussed below have taken a leading role in supporting that process and appreciate that passage of the legislation represented only an initial step in a lengthier campaign to ensure that all Americans have access to affordable, quality health care
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