10 research outputs found
Thermophysical Change Detection on the Moon with the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Diviner sensor
No full textThe Moon is an archive of the history of the Solar System, as it has recorded and preserved physical events that have occurred over billions of years. NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) has been studying the lunar surface for more than 13 years, and its datasets contain valuable information about the evolution of the Moon. However, the vast amount and heterogeneous nature of data collected by LRO make the extraction of scientific insights very challenging - in the past most analyses relied on human review. Here, we present NEPHTHYS, an automated solution for discovering thermophysical changes on the surface using one of LRO’s largest datasets: the thermal data collected by its Diviner instrument. Specifically, NEPHTHYS is able to perform systematic, efficient, and large-scale change detection of present-day impact craters on the surface. Further work could enable more comprehensive studies of lunar surface impact flux rates and surface evolution rates, providing critical new information for future missions
A Systemic Human Digital Twin Model for Human-Centric Systems
No full textInternational audienceHuman Digital Twins (HDT) are a key technology to enable human-centric manufacturing systems. This paper presents a novel meta-model for HDTs, grounded in general systems theory, to provide a unified and robust conceptualisation for HDT development. The model describes four essential interacting systems categorised by the physical or digital nature of their components; (i) the Human Individual is a physical system composed of a physiological, cognitive and mechanical sub-system among others; (ii) the Human Digital Twin is a digital system composed of a human model, data storage and management capabilities, and functions to generate feedback for the human; (iii) Sensors are cyber-physical systems capturing observations about the human and digitising them for the HDT; (iv) Human-Machine Interaction Devices are cyber-physical systems enabling the human to receive feedback form the HDT and interact with it. The systemic grounding provides a general model of an HDT as an extension of a DT representing any kind of system. It clarifies the relations and interfaces between its four main sub-systems, as well as the data flows and feedback mechanism. The HDT's Communication Interface is identified as key component to integrate HDTs into larger digital ecosystems and enable human-centric system development
From Semantic Interoperability to Cognitive Interoperability: Enabling Human-CPS Collaboration in Industry 5.0
No full textInternational audienceIn the context of Industry 5.0, where human-centred collaboration is paramount, effective interaction between humans and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) requires us to reconsider the traditional concept of interoperability. Although technical, syntactic and semantic interoperability facilitated system integration in Industry 4.0, they are insufficient when humans become active collaborators. In particular, semantic interoperability fails to capture the cognitive and contextual nuances of human reasoning, often resulting in gaps in mutual understanding. This article discusses and defines cognitive interoperability, which goes beyond semantic alignment by integrating shared perception, contextual modelling, and reasoning mechanisms to support seamless collaboration between humans and CPS. First, we provide a comprehensive analysis of how cognitive interoperability has been defined in various fields, offering a unified and clarified perspective. Next, we present a structured diagram detailing the cognitive functions necessary to achieve cognitive interoperability between humans and CPSs. Finally, we examine a real-world use case in the field of Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) to illustrate the practical implications of this concept. Through this example, we demonstrate how cognitive interoperability can address the limitations of semantic interoperability in dynamic and cooperative contexts by enabling mutual understanding and adaptive interaction. Our work contributes to advancing human-centred intelligent systems and provides a foundation for designing next-generation collaborative manufacturing environment
Towards Cognitive Interoperability with Cognitive Human Digital Twins
No full textInternational audienceHuman-machine collaboration requires unambiguous communication to limit misunderstandings. Although semantic interoperability manages to remove ambiguity in machine-to-machine communication, it is insufficient when humans are involved. Humans process and understand information differently based on past experience and the current context, exceeding semantic interoperability's scope. Cognitive interoperability aims to achieve an aligned understanding, shared intentions, and enable joint decision-making between agents. However, the cognitive state of the human is hard to detect and model, representing a major obstacle to cognitive interoperability. We propose a cognitive Human Digital Twin (cHDT) that emulates a human's cognitive processes by exploiting cognitive architectures. In particular, we investigate ACT-R as a candidate model. It is a mature cognitive architecture that has been developed based on decades of experimental results from cognitive science and neuroscience. We discuss how the internal state of ACT-R models, and thus the cHDTs, may contribute to cognitive interoperability. With a simplified use case, we illustrate how a cHDT hosting a personalised ACT-R model could track and continuously share the human's internal cognitive states. This enables external systems, such as robots, to adapt to human perspectives and avoid resource conflicts in human-robot collaboration. Finally, we discuss the applicability of ACT-R as an emulation model, the components of a cHDT, and outline a two-phase implementation plan to validate the proposed solution
Cognitive systems and interoperability in the enterprise: A systematic literature review
No full textInternational audienceThe transition from automated processes to mechanisms that manifest intelligence through cognitive abilities such as memorisation, adaptability and decision-making in uncertain contexts, has marked a turning point in the field of industrial systems, particularly in the development of cyber-physical systems and digital twins. This evolution, supported by advances in cognitive science and artificial intelligence, has opened the way to a new era in which systems are able to adapt and evolve autonomously, while offering more intuitive interaction with human users. This article proposesa systematic literature review to gather and analyse current research on Cognitive Cyber-Physical Systems (CCPS), Cognitive Digital Twins (CDT), and cognitive interoperability, which are pivotal in a contemporary Cyber-Physical Enterprise (CPE). From this review, we first seek to understand how cognitive capabilities that are traditionally considered as human traits have been defined and modelled in cyber-physical systems and digital twins in the context of Industry 4.0/5.0, and what cognitive functions they implement. We explore their theoretical foundations, in particular in relation to cognitive psychology and humanities definitions and theories. Then we analyse how interoperabilitybetween cognitive systems has been considered, leading to cognitive interoperability, and we highlight the role of knowledge representation and reasoning
Human-centric digital twins: Advancing safety and ergonomics in human-robot collaboration
No full textInternational audienceHuman-Robot Collaboration combines the reliability of robots with human adaptability. It is a prime candidate to respond to the trend of Mass Customization which requires frequent reconfiguration with variable lot sizes. But the close contact between humans and robots creates new safety risks and ergonomic factors like robot-induced stress need to be considered. Therefore we propose a human-centric Digital Twin framework, where information about the human is stored and processed in a dedicated Digital Twin and can be transmitted to the robot's Digital Twin for human-aware adaptations. We envision and briefly discuss three possible applications. Our framework has the potential to advance collaborative robotics but inherits technical challenges that come with Digital Twin based approaches and human modelling
Cognitive architecture for cognitive cyber-physical systems
No full textInternational audienceThe desire to enhance cyber-physical systems (CPS) with cognitive capabilities represents a significant step forward in the evolution of robotics and intelligent automation. This paper focuses on the application of cognitive architectures to create cognitive CPS with the ability to perceive, reason and learn autonomously and also capable of interacting with the environment and human users in a meaningful and adaptive way. The analysis compares various cognitive architectures, highlighting their strengths and limitations for integrating cognitive functions into CPS. It examines how each framework supports cognitive processes such as sensory integration, attention management, action selection, memory recall, learning mechanisms and reasoning abilities
A Human Ontology with Cognition and Ability Models for Human and Cognitive Digital Twins
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we present a comprehensive ontology of human cognition and abilities, designed as a formal framework for digital twins. This model enables digital twins of humans to replicate aspects of human cognition, while cognitive digital twins enhance cyber-physical systems with human-like reasoning and intelligence. The cognition metamodel results from the integration of multiple perspectives on cognition in Neuropsychology, Education Sciences, Engineering Sciences, Cognitive Informatics, and Cognitive Architectures, including indirectly also perspectives of Cognitive Sciences and Artificial Intelligence. Our Human Ontology (HUMO) is an extension of the SOMA (Socio-physical Model of Activities) ontology, which serves as a basis to design cases for cognitive robot -human collaboration. It aims at being exploited by digital twins in their representation of the world and the entity they twin
Enabling Human-CPS Cognitive Interoperability: Cognitive Architectures as Technologies for Human-Like Cognitive Digital Twins
No full textInternational audienceCognition, the set of mental processes that enable humans to perceive, reason, learn and decide, plays an essential role in effective collaboration between humans and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). To achieve seamless cognitive interoperability between humans and CPSs, it is necessary to integrate a Cognitive Digital Twin (CDT) and a Human Digital Twin (HDT) to provide digital representations of both physical assets and human cognitive states. In this article, we first analyse the three essential functions of CDT and HDT: emulation, cognition and simulation, and review the state-of-the-art technologies for each of them, from supervised learning and knowledge graphs to deep reinforcement learning. Focusing on the cognitive layer, we review the state of the art in cognitive architectures, describing their symbolic, sub-symbolic and hybrid types and reporting on their real-world implementations in different domains. We then assess the relevance of these architectures for the integration of human-like reasoning in CDTs. Finally, we identify the main technological challenges and gaps that need to be addressed in order to implement fully operational CDTs
High Voltage Electrical Power System Architecture optimized for electrical propulsion and high power payload
No full textInternational audienceThere is a large design variety of power buses, with voltage levels typically ranging from 28 to 100V. This state-of-art is well adapted to past and current needs in term of power conditioning and disctribution for science and telecommunication satellites. NEvertheless, a short-term need is rising for higher operating voltages, especially for the new electric propulsion systems and high-power payloads. The currently available solutions are to add DC/DC converters inisde echa user equipement to generate all its necessary internal supply lines for the satellite primary power bus. For high power/high voltage loads, this DC/DC stage leads to power dissipation and lowers the overall efficiency of the power chain. A major step forward would be to increase the voltage directly at the level of the primary bus in order to remove some voltage conversion stages leading to lower mass, cost, volume and power dissipation. The work performed within the European Union H2020 project "HV-EPSA" was aimed to study benefits and impact of the implementation of a bus voltage from 300V to 600V, including solar array, solar array drive mechnism, power conditioning and distribution, Hall effect thruster with direct drive topology, battery and harnesses. The main problematic to solve were arcing at high voltage/low pressure (Paschen law), interaction between plasma (natural and from plasmic propulsion) and solar arrays, and distribution function using GaN mosfet. Several test campaigns were performed and the results are presented in the paper.Il existe une grande variété de conception de bus d'alimentation, avec des niveaux de tension allant généralement de 28 à 100 V. Cet état de l'art est bien adapté aux besoins passés et actuels en termes de conditionnement et de distribution de puissance pour les satellites scientifiques et de télécommunications. Néanmoins, le besoin à court terme augmente pour des tensions de fonctionnement plus élevées, en particulier pour les nouveaux systèmes de propulsion électrique et les charges utiles à haute puissance. Les solutions actuellement disponibles consistent à ajouter des convertisseurs DC / DC à l'intérieur de chaque équipement utilisateur afin de générer toutes ses lignes d'alimentation interne nécessaires pour le bus d'alimentation primaire du satellite. Pour les charges haute puissance / haute tension, cet étage DC / DC conduit à une dissipation de puissance et diminue l'efficacité globale de la chaîne de puissance. Un grand pas en avant serait d'augmenter la tension directement au niveau du bus primaire afin de supprimer certains étages de conversion de tension conduisant à une diminution de la masse, du coût, du volume et de la dissipation de puissance. Les travaux réalisés dans le cadre du projet H2020 de l'Union européenne "HV-EPSA" visaient à étudier les avantages et l'impact de la mise en œuvre d'une tension de bus de 300V à 600V, y compris les panneaux solaires, les systèmes d'entraînement de panneaux solaires, le conditionnement et la distribution de l'énergie, le propulseur à effet Hall avec topologie à entraînement direct, batterie et cablâge. Les principaux problèmes à résoudre étaient les arcs à haute tension / basse pression (loi de Paschen), l'interaction entre le plasma (naturel et de propulsion plasmique) et les panneaux solaires, et la fonction de distribution à l'aide du mosfet GaN. Plusieurs campagnes de tests ont été réalisées et les résultats sont présentés dans l'article
