1,721,014 research outputs found
Sonographic diagnosis of lateral asynclitism: a new subtype of fetal head malposition as a main determinant of early labor arrest
Full text linkWe report on the sonographic appearance of a new type of fetal head malposition in labor that has not been previously described systematically. In some circumstances, the fetal lie is characterized by a lateral orientation of the head with respect to the trunk and, on suprapubic ultrasound, a transverse section of the fetal chest together with the facial profile can be seen on the same image. These sonographic findings were documented in five cases of first-stage labor arrest. This report illustrates how, in these circumstances, ultrasound might be helpful in clarifying the precise cause of obstructed labor. [[ArtCopyrightmsg]]
Cyst of the filum terminale: two cases detected on prenatal ultrasound
No full textWe herein report two cases of cyst of the filum terminale,
diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound in the second and third
trimesters, respectively.
The first case, a 32-year-old primigravida, was
referred to our center at 20weeks for a detailed
anomaly scan because of a suspected periconceptional
toxoplasmosis infection. Her medical and family histories
were unremarkable except for obesity, with a body mass
index of 35.3 kg/m2. Transabdominal ultrasound did not
detect major fetal anomalies, but because of a persistent
breech presentation sonographic assessment of the spine
was completed with the aid of a transvaginal approach
(Figure 1; Videoclip S1). At the level of L4, just caudal
to the lower end of the conus medullaris and within
the filum terminale, a fusiform anechoic unilocular cyst
measuring 3×2mm was visualized. The cyst showed
neither septations nor solid components, and was nonvascularized
on high-definition color Doppler imaging
(Videoclip S1). Using the three-dimensional multiplanar
technique, the cyst was simultaneously visualized in
sagittal (Figure 2a), coronal (Figure 2b) and transverse
(Figure 2c) views. The patient was scheduled for a followup
visit at our center with the aim of reassessing the
unusual spine findings. At 30 weeks, no relevant anomaly
was detected, but the fetus was in cephalic presentation
and the filum terminale could not be properly assessed
by the transabdominal approach. The patient vaginally
delivered a 3460-g healthy male at term. At the time of
writing, the infant was 6months old and was thriving
Traditionally vs sonographically coached pushing in second stage of labor: a pilot randomized controlled trial
No full textObjective: To investigate the usefulness of visual biofeedback using transperineal ultrasound to improve coached pushing during the active second stage of labor in nulliparous women. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial of low-risk nulliparous women in the active second stage of labor. Patients were allocated to either coached pushing aided by visual demonstration on transperineal ultrasound of the progress of the fetal head (sonographic coaching) or traditional coaching. Patients in both groups were coached by an obstetrician for the first 20 min of the active second stage of labor and, subsequently, the labor was supervised by a midwife. Primary outcomes were duration of the active second stage and increase in the angle of progression at the end of the coaching process. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of operative delivery and complications of labor. Results: Forty women were recruited into the study. Those who received sonographic coaching had a shorter active phase of the second stage (30 min (interquartile range (IQR), 24–42 min) vs 45 min (IQR, 39–55 min); P = 0.01) and a greater increase in the angle of progression (13.5° (IQR, 9–20°) vs 5° (IQR, 3–9.5°); P = 0.01) in the first 20 min of the active second stage of labor than did those who had traditional coaching. No differences were found in the secondary outcomes between the two groups. Conclusion: Our preliminary data suggest that transperineal ultrasound may be a useful adjunct to coached pushing during the active second stage of labor. Further studies are required to confirm these findings and better define the benefits of this approach. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Ultrasound in labor: is it time for a more simplified approach?
No full textThe use of transperineal intrapartum ultrasound assessment
has been introduced in recent years to complement
traditional digital evaluation, with the aim of providing an
objective evaluation of fetal head descent1−5. Despite an
increasing number of studies on the subject, the application
of this method in everyday clinical practice remains
difficult, probably because of the technical difficulty in
obtaining most of the sonographic parameters that have
been suggested thus far6,7. However, Eggebø et al. have
proposed a measurement that is simply obtained, i.e.
the distance between the fetal skull and the perineum
on transperineal ultrasound (the head–perineum distance
(HPD))3 (Figure 1a). More recently we have proposed
another simple index of fetal head station inspired by
the obstetric literature, i.e. the distance between the
lower edge of the maternal symphysis pubis and the fetal
skull, along the infrapubic line (the fetal head–symphysis
distance (HSD)) (Figure 1b)8.We studied HSD with threedimensional
ultrasound which gave us the opportunity to
measure both HPD and HSD retrospectively using the
volume datasets we had stored (Figure 2)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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