1,721,175 research outputs found
Duplex Doppler ultrasonography allows a multiorgan noninvasive approach to splanchnic pharmacodynamics in patients with cirrhosis.
No full textIF = 1.10
Sustainable feeding systems based on the use of local resources
No full textSustainability is a socially constructed concept whose meaning often depends on the context. After defining the feeding system and the meaning that can be attached to the concept of Sustainability, its application to existing systems is examined. The attributes of Sustainability are derived from an analysis of time-tested systems in Mediterranean and tropical regions. Farm organisation, animal intake and product quality are considered to mean more than mere correspondence between feed requirements and crop production patterns. The rational management of rangeland and forestry systems was taken as an example of organisation and planning of the use of renewable local resources. The multiple use of a specific feed resource and the development of mixed pasture-cropping systems, with possible inclusion of fodder trees and shrubs, were considered as examples of diversification and exploitation of local resources. The integration and fractioning of diverse feed resources and the combination of different activities in a given area, are intended to constitute a global approach to land use aimed at reducing off-farm inputs whilst enhancing natural resources and nutrient recycling. This approach should facilitate the development of mixed and diversified systems, with alternative yield objectives, low environmental impact and reduced economic hazards. Examples are reported on the intercropping of forage, food and fuel sources in the tropics, and for cereal and livestock production in the Mediterranean basin. Flexibility of ruminant production and complementarity between animal species are also described as examples of integration and multiple use of local feed resources. The discussion deals with the possible roles of fodder species and the need to combine several activities into dynamic agricultural systems. Attention is also drawn to the vital links between farmers and the wider rural community through coordinated actions that are appropriate to a mosaic of local conditions
Analysis of the spatial distribution of organic farming in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (PACA) region of France: building a methodology for observation and prospective
No full textAnalysis of the distribution of organic farming and its determinants is a major challenge for the construction of scenarios related to the evolution of organic farming that take the set of factors that limit or facilitate conversions and their sustainability into account. In order to support different development scenarios for organic farming in view of environmental and marketing challenges, an econometric and geostatistic study was initiated in the PACA region. The approach consists of three stages. The first stage involves the construction, over a 20-year period, of a longitudinal spatial database concerning certified organic producers and distributors. This database is georeferenced at the plot level. It will then be necessary to statistically analyse the trends and the determinants of the organic farming distribution process over time and space. Finally, this knowledge will be used to build scenarios for the development of organic farming production on the medium term. Intermediary results presented within this framework well be based on the georeferencing of producers and distributors at the community level in 2007, without drawing on farm data issued by the MRA (French farmers mutual insurance system), and on the results of an exhaustive survey of all organic distributors implemented in 2008 in the PACA region
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Analysis of transition forms towards more ecologically-oriented farming: the case of organic farming and integrated crop protection
No full textInterdisciplinary approaches developed concerning the conversion to organic farming show that the types of conversion trajectories can be differentiated on the basis of the progression of crop protection changes within a larger framework where relationships to other “objects” are transformed – the soil, products, rotations, work organisation, marketing, social networks and knowledge acquisition. In the case of integrated plant production, the extent of changes depends on the degree of recomposition of agronomic practices. This transition implies major knowledge acquisition that relies on the support and contribution of advisors and on the group dynamics that develop within a group of farmers. Transitions towards integrated crop protection are, by their nature, more reversible and therefore more fragile than the conversion to organic farming. This is due to the fact that they are not stabilised by a certification or by the market, and analysis shows that their sustainability is linked in part to their integration within a group dynamics
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Are prealbumin plasma levels linked to amino acid supply from peripheral tissues in liver cirrhosis?
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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