588 research outputs found
Stephane Mallarme: A synthesis of romanticism and parnassianism, 1970
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to analyse works of Stephane Mallarme, father of Symbolism, pointing out romantic and parnassian elements. Symbolism, like Romanticism, attempted to express the interior thoughts of man. The symbolist movement then, was not only a revolt against Parnassianism but also a return to Romanticism. On the other hand, one would not be incorrect in saying that Romanticism reached its culmination in the works of the symbolists poets. For this reason, an attempt will be made to show that the works of Mallarme, father of Symbolism, can be considered as a synthesis of Romanticism and Parnassianism. This thesis contains three chapters. The first chapter is devoted to a discussion of Romanticism and of Parnassianism. Special attention is given to the origin, development, characteristics and influences of each school. The relationship of one School with the other is also pointed out. The second chapter consists of a biographical sketch of Stephane Mallarme. Special emphasis is placed on factors and events in his life which may have influenced or determined the elements of Romanticism and Parnassianism in his poetry. The third chapter is devoted to an analysis of some of the poems of Stephane Mallarme", "Les Fenetres," V Apparition," "L'Azur," "Toast Funebre," "Le Vierge," "L'Apres-Midi d'un Faune." In these analyses special attention is given to the romantic and parnassian tendencies of the poems. Since these romantic-parnaassian elements occur frequently throughout his works, it has been concluded that Mallarme's poetry can be considered as a synthesis of the two poetic schools
Creating encounters between organic small market-gardeners and metropolitan consumers in Brazil (Ibiúna/São Paulo).
No full textAgroécologie en France : l’institutionnalisation d’utopies
No full textNational audienceL’agroécologie est restée relativement confidentielle en France jusqu’à la fin des années 2000. Ce constat est d’autant plus surprenant qu’un ouvrage séminal d’Altieri (1986), principal auteur du courant américain, a été publié en France. Cet ouvrage présentait les bases scientifiques de l’agroécologie et en montrait la portée pour des agricultures alternatives, attestant ainsi de son double ancrage dans la science et dans l’agriculture. Par la suite, des mouvements sociaux se sont approprié le terme, en particulier à l’occasion d’un colloque international organisé en 2008 à Albi (France). La polysémie et l’explosion de l’usage du terme agroécologie sont avérées, tant dans l’espace public (Wezel et al. , 2009) que dans le milieu scientifique (Ollivier et Bellon, 2010 ; Wezel et Soldat, 2009). En considérant que nous sommes dans une période-clef d’institutionnalisation de l’agroécologie, nous proposons de retracer les jalons de son développement et de préciser les interprétations auxquelles elle donne lieu. L’ambition est de contribuer à clarifier le sens et la portée de l’agroécologie pour différents acteurs de l’agriculture. Après une brève présentation de notre approche, basée principalement sur une cartographie webométrique, des corpus textuels et des observations, nous proposons de caractériser la trajectoire de l’agroécologie en France qui est à la confluence de deux dynamiques principales des mouvements sociaux et des institutions de recherche
Formas sociais de desenvolvimento da horticultura orgânica familiar em áreas de cinturão verde do território de Ibiúna, Estado de São Paulo.
No full textO desenvolvimento da agricultura orgânica (AO) no Brasil toma múltiplas formas. Mais que um mercado de « nicho » ou uma oportunidade de exportação, não se trataria de uma prática social alternativa que recria os espaços de produção e novas relações entre produtores, mercado e consumidores? Através de suas experiências com a AO, em uma comunidade próxima a três metrópoles, horticultores familiares de Ibiúna (São Paulo) criam entidades coletivas e experimentam novas práticas sociais. Mostrou-se no estudo, como estes minifúndios são ou foram organizados para desenvolver AO e para responder a diversos objetivos. A partir das entrevistas e das observações de campo, levou-se em conta, as formas concretas de organização e de desenvolvimento da AO. No primeiro momento, apresenta-se o quadro teórico deste estudo sobre os desafios da AO em Ibiúna. Em seguida, descreve-se o universo da pesquisa e caracteriza-se o desenvolvimento da AO, enquanto um projeto social,o qual estabelece interações entre a economia e o meio ambiente no território de Ibiúna. Em um terceira parte, identifica-se quatro formas sociais de organização, a dinâmica de funcionamento, os valores sociais e culturais, e suas inter-relações. Enfim, são discutidos os elementos suscetíveis de garantir a reprodução social e de fortalecer novas vias de desenvolvimento
Obama's visit to Korea : an unwavering US-ROC alliance amidst regional tensions
No full textFor more about the East-West Center, see http://www.eastwestcenter.org/Stephane Mot, Independent Author and Blogger living in Seoul, explains that "Obama's visit did not change the opinion of the vast majority of South Koreans who consider the US-ROK alliance to be unequal, but it did further confirm the importance of South Korea for US engagement towards Asia.
Trajetórias da agroecologia no Brasil: entre movimentos sociais, redes científicas e políticas públicas.
No full textNo Brasil, o movimento social de defesa de uma agricultura ecológica e socialmente justa, teve inicio nos anos 70, com forte oposição a agricultura industrial. Avançou com o fortalecimento da sociedade civil e finalmente, ocorreu à institucionalização. Na fase atual, ocorre um quarto momento, constituído pela redefinição e recomposição de diferentes versões da agricultura alternativa, no qual a agroecologia ocupa um lugar significativo. Portanto, é esse processo de recomposição das agriculturas ecológicas no país, que objetivamos retraçar, descrevendo as características e determinantes. A metodologia resulta de uma revisão bibliográfica, análise e interpretação sociológica de uma dezena de entrevistas abertas.Concluímos que estas diferenças no posicionamento podem ser amplamente relacionadas com concepções e escolas teóricas que têm influenciado os investigadores e agentes envolvidos, num contexto onde as redes científicas dedicadas a questões da agroecologia são muito heterogêneas
The advent of organic farming models: analysis of the current situation and perspectives in Brazil.
No full textThis text analyses the development of organic farming in Brazil. It shows the great variability of social models of organic production recognised by Brazilian Law: organic, agroecological, ecological or biodynamic agriculture, permaculture etc.. It depicts how the political and social concerns in the spheres of family farming and environment caused the reorganisation of production systems, in the agricultural practices and n the new relationships with the market and with natural resources. Based on interviews with farmers and stakeholders involved in the development of various organic systems, we qualified the related models of production as well as the related social and cultural values. We also present some aspects of the historical roots of this agroecological movement and the way family farmers adapt to the new challenges of ecological production
The European networks of research, education and training stakeholders in agroecology
No full textIn Europe, agroecology has become the center of many debates that animate political and professional arenas, particularly regarding the definition and scope of the concept itself. This paper attempts to understand the ways that the term agroecology is conceptualized by different participantsparticipants and how these concepts circulate so as to explore the interests at stake in the institutionalization of agroecology within the research and education institutions of Europe. We address the core research question of: what dynamics emerge in the networks of European stakeholders of agroecology? By combining different approaches of institutionalization based on network and discourse analysis, we study the dynamics of research, education and training organizations. We identify 10 different concepts of agroecology, distributed among 103 organizations. The significant difference that has been observed between the agroecological concepts in research and those in education/training emphasizes the gap between these two disciplines. The latter support a more political, transdisciplinary and holistic view of agroecology when compared to the former. Moreover, collaboration among European agroecology stakeholders is limited in both research and education/training. We also found that in most cases, collaboration between scholars does not guarantee a shared notion of agroecology, and conversely, sharing the same notion of agroecology does not assure collaboration. This led us to question the feasibility of institutionalizing agroecology and the missing link between a shared vision and the collective mobilization of stakeholders around a strong agroecology programme
Institutionalizing agroecology in France: social circulation changes the meaning of an idea
No full textAgroecology has come a long way. In the past ten years, it has reappeared in France throughout the agricultural sector and is now included in public and private strategies and in supportive policies, with collateral interest effects. Is a new "agro-revolution" taking place? To address this issue, using a methodology mixing hyperlink mapping and textual corpora analysis, we focus here on the trajectory of agroecology in various worlds: that of academia, social movements, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that promote international solidarity, research and training institutions and public policies. This trajectory intertwines actors and time lines, with periods in which certain actors play a specific role, and others in which interactions between actors are dominant in terms of coalition advocacy. Some actors play a major role in circulating agroecology as they belong to several different social worlds (e.g., academia and NGO), present high occupational mobility (from politician to scientist and vice versa), are charismatic or have an irradiating aura in the media, and can articulate and circulate ideas between different social arenas (including between countries). The stabilization of networks of actors is interpreted as the institutionalization of agroecology, both within social movements as well as because of its integration into a policy aimed at an ecological modernization of agriculture. The international positioning of many actors anchors national and regional initiatives more strongly. It is also a prerequisite for the amplification and development of agroecology
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