1,721,119 research outputs found
Bell (Adrian R.), Brooks (Chris) & Dryburgh (Paul R.). The English Wool Market, c. 1230-1327, 2007
No full textKusman David. Bell (Adrian R.), Brooks (Chris) & Dryburgh (Paul R.). The English Wool Market, c. 1230-1327, 2007. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 91, fasc. 2, 2013. Histoire médiévale, moderne et contemporaine Middeleeuwse, moderne en hedendaagse geschiedenis. pp. 532-533
Bell (Adrian R.), Brooks (Chris) & Dryburgh (Paul R.). The English Wool Market, c. 1230-1327, 2007
No full textKusman David. Bell (Adrian R.), Brooks (Chris) & Dryburgh (Paul R.). The English Wool Market, c. 1230-1327, 2007. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 91, fasc. 2, 2013. Histoire médiévale, moderne et contemporaine Middeleeuwse, moderne en hedendaagse geschiedenis. pp. 532-533
Waging war in the fourteenth century
No full textThe papers in this special issue exemplify how, through the study of sources beyond the chronicles which have tended to dominate historical writing about fourteenth-century military history in western Europe, we can advance our knowledge on how war was waged by the English - and on some occasions by their enemies too
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The soldier in later medieval England
No full textThis book is the outcome of a project (sponsored by the AHRC) collecting the name of every soldier known to have served the English crown between the re-opening of the Hundred Years War in 1369 and the loss of Gascony in 1453, the traditional end-date of the Hundred Years War. We are able to make comparisons of different forms of war, such as the chevauchées of the late fourteenth-century, the Agincourt campaign, and the occupation of territory in France in the fifteenth century, thus identifying longer-term trends. Our period also straddles the divide of 1400, and which is of particular interest because of a change of dynasty in England. The book starts in 1369 because of the rich survival, from that point, of a particular kind of documentary record in which soldiers’ names are systematically recorded—the muster roll. The advantage of the use of muster rolls is that they enable the historian to look more closely at the lower ranks in the army, the men-at-arms and especially the archers, who, after all, contributed the largest proportion of troops to English royal service. We investigate various types of soldier, but also consider movement between ranks and issues across all groups, such as regional and national origins. The book focuses upon the individual soldier in line with the initial aims of our project and the success of the accompanying website and databases
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Languages in the military profession in later Medieval England
No full textThe question of the development of Anglo-Norman (the variety of medieval French used in the British Isles), and the role it played in the life of the medieval English kingdom, is currently a major topic of scholarly debate. The essays in this volume examine it from a variety of different perspectives and contexts, though with a concentration on the theme of linguistic contact between Anglo-Norman and English, seeking to situate it more precisely in space and time than has hitherto been the case. Overall they show how Anglo-Norman retained a strong presence in the linguistic life of England until a strikingly late date, and how it constitutes a rich and highly valuable record of the French language in the middle ages. Contributors: Richard Ingham, Anthony Lodge, William Rothwell, David Trotter, Mark Chambers, Louise Sylvester, Anne Curry, Adrian Bell, Adam Chapman, Andy King, David Simpkin, Paul Brand, Jean-Pascal Pouzet, Laura Wright, Eric Haeberl
Forced Alignment for Understudied Language Varieties: Testing Prosodylab-Aligner with Tongan Data
No full textLinguists engaged in language documentation and sociolinguistics face similar problems when it comes to efficiently processing large corpora of recorded speech. Though field recordings can be collected efficiently, it may take months or years to process the audio for certain types of analysis. Besides transcription, phonetic analysis often requires the time-consuming alignment of transcription to audio. The expense related to this process may limit both the questions researchers can explore and the amount of data they can analyze. Recent advances in speech recognition technology have led to the development of tools to automate time alignment of transcriptions to audio (Evanini, Isard, and Liberman 2009, Goldman 2011, Kisler, Schiel, and Sloetjes 2012, Reddy and Stanford 2015, Rosenfelder 2013). Such automation promises to expedite the process of preparing data for acoustic analysis. Unfortunately, the benefits of auto-alignment have generally been available only to researchers studying majority languages like English, for which large corpora exist and for which acoustic models have been created by large-scale research projects or corporate entities. Prosodylab-Aligner (Gorman, Howell, and Wagner 2011), developed at McGill University and available free of charge, was developed specifically to facilitate automated alignment and segmentation for less-studied languages. It allows researchers to train their own acoustic models using the same audio files for which alignments will be created. Those models can then be used to create Praat Textgrids aligned to those recordings, with boundaries marked at both the word and segment level. Our study tests the use of Prosodylab-Aligner on Tongan field recordings. The results show that automated alignment of recordings of an understudied language is feasible for linguists without programming experience and less time-consuming than traditional manual alignments. For the benefit of others who may wish to use Prosodylab-Aligner for their own research data, the paper also reviews the software, and outlines the steps required to install software components, prepare data files, train acoustic models, and create time-aligned Textgrids. It also provides tips and solutions to problems we encountered along the way. In addition, since field recordings often contain more background noise than the kinds of laboratory recordings Prosodylab-Aligner was designed to use, the paper also presents an analysis (using PraatR (Albin 2014)) of the relative costs and benefits of removing background noise for both training and alignment purposes. References Albin, Aaron L. 2014. "PraatR: An architecture for controlling the phonetics software “Praat” with the R programming language." The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 135 (4):2198-2199. Evanini, Keelan, Stephen Isard, and Mark Liberman. 2009. "Automatic formant extraction for sociolinguistic analysis of large corpora." INTERSPEECH. Goldman, Jean-Philippe. 2011. "Esayalign: an automatic phonetic alignment tool under Praat." Interspeech-2011:3233-3236. Gorman, Kyle, Jonathan Howell, and Michael Wagner. 2011. "Prosodylab-Aligner: A Tool for Forced Alignment of Laboratroy Speech." Canadian Acoustics 39 (3):192-193. Kisler, Thomas, Florian Schiel, and Han Sloetjes. 2012. "Signal processing via web services: the use case WebMAUS." Digital Humanities Conference 2012. Reddy, Sravana, and James Stanford. 2015. "Toward completely automated vowel extraction: Introducing DARLA." Linguistics Vanguard. Rosenfelder, Ingrid. 2013. "Forced Alignment & Vowel Extraction (FAVE): An online suite for automatic vowel analysis." University of Pennsylvania Linguistics Lab, Last Modified December 8, 2013, accessed November 26. 2015. http://fave.ling.upenn.edu/index.html
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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