139,339 research outputs found
Report on the ESO Workshop ''Spiral Structure in the Milky Way: Confronting Observations and Theory''
No full textThe main objectives of the workshop were to review current observational evidence for spiral arms in our Galaxy and confront them with models of spiral structure in order to arrive at a consistent picture. Of primary importance was to understand just what additional information is required to resolve outstanding issues related to the spiral structure in the Milky Way, especially as new survey instruments (e.g., ALMA, VISTA and VST) are coming online and major space missions like GAIA will be launched in the near future
Model-independent diagnostics of highly reddened Milky Way star clusters: age calibration
No full textContext: The next generation near- and mid-infrared Galactic surveys will yield a large number of new highly obscured star clusters. Detailed characterization of these new objects with spectroscopy is time-consuming.
Aims: Diagnostic tools that will be able to characterize clusters based only on the available photometry will be needed to study large samples of the newly found objects.
Methods: The brightness difference between the red clump and the main-sequence turn-off point have been used as a model-independent age calibrator for clusters with ages from a few 108 to 1010 yr in the optical. Here we apply for the first time the method in the near-infrared.
Results: We calibrated this difference in K-band, which is likely to be available for obscured clusters, and we apply it to a number of test clusters with photometry comparable to the one that will be yielded by the current or near-future surveys.
Conclusions: The new calibration yields reliable ages over the range of ages for which the red clump is present in clusters. The slope of the relation is smoother than that of the corresponding V-band relation, reducing the uncertainty in the age determinations with respect to the optical ones
Estudio en el infrarrojo cercano de agrupaciones estelares en M 83
No full textNear infrared photometric observations (JHKBr) have been made in the field of the galaxy M 83, reaching a magnitude limit K = 20. The quality of data has allowed the systematic search and identification of large numbers of stellar clusters which are intended to determine their fundamental param- eters, as the number of prospective members, reddening, age and luminosity function
Spatially-localized time dependent solutions including turbulence and their interactions in 2D Kolmogorov flow
No full textIn 2D Kolmogorov flow in small aspect ratio domains, spatially-localized solutions such as kink, traveling or time-dependent kink-antikink pars coexist. However, the conservation of the flow rate in the y direction strongly restrict combination of localized solutions and their positioning. We find that by adding a homogeneous flow U y their positioning is controlled and each of localized solutions including a spatially-localized chaos is isolated. Numerical results suggest that these isolated solutions can be elements constructing a whole flow
Characteristics of overlap region in high-Reynolds number turbulent channel flow
No full textDirect numerical simulation of the fully developed turbulent channel flows have been carried out at the Reynolds number based on the friction velocity and the channel half width, 2000, 4000 and 8000. A hybrid 10th order accurate finite difference scheme in the stream and spanwise directions, and a second-order scheme in the wall-normal direction is adapted as the spatial discretization method. We observed the plateau profiles in the indicator function corresponded to the von Karman constant. Furthermore, second peak of streamwise pre-multiplied spectra were appeared in the same wall normal height, 300 < y+ < 600, in case of Re = 4000. Nevertheless, the effects of the lager than the channel half height scale on the streamwise turbulent intensity are fixed contributions without dependence on Reynolds number. These results suggested that the new streamwise vortexes are formed between buffer layer and outer layer with increasing of Reynolds number
On Our Multi-Wavelength Campaign of the 2011 Outburst of T Pyx
No full textThe well-known recurrent nova T Pyx has brightened by 7 magnitudes, starting on 2011 April 14, its first eruption since 1966. T Pyx is unique amongst recurrent novæ in being surrounded by a nebula formed of material ejected during previous eruptions. The latest eruption therefore offers the rare opportunity to observe a light echo sweeping through the existing shell, and a new one forming. The sudden exposure of the existing shell to high-energy light is expected to result in a change of the dust morphology as well as in the part destruction of molecules. We observe this process in the near- and mid-IR during several epochs using ESO's VLT instruments Sinfoni, Visir and Isaac. Unfortunately, in the data analysed so far we only have a tentative detection in Brα from the shell, so might in the end have to be content with upper limits for the emission from the various molecular bands and ionised lines
La 'circunstancia' de 'Herederos y Pretendientes
No full textIn June 2010, the Ortega y Gasset Foundation hosted a Conference about the “Spanish Philosophical Transition” in order to debate the book of Francisco Vázquez, La filosofía española. Herederos y Pretendientes. Una lectura sociológica (1963-1990), recently published. This paper is the author’s response to criticism raised in the Conference and to published reviews received by this book. First, the author summarized the argument of Herederos y pretendientes. Secondly he responds and takes into account the most important objections against the book’s hypothesis and methodology. Finally the author evaluates the favorable judgments received by the book and suggests the limits of the historian’s task.Fundación Ortega y Gasset-Marañó
The effect of spatial resolution on optical and near-IR studies of stellar clusters: implications for the origin of the red excess
No full textRecent ground-based near-IR (NIR) studies of stellar clusters in nearby galaxies have suggested that young clusters remain embedded for 7-10 Myr in their progenitor molecular cloud, in conflict with optical-based studies which find that clusters are exposed after 1-3 Myr. Here, we investigate the role that spatial resolution plays in this apparent conflict. We use a recent catalogue of young (5000 M⊙) clusters in the nearby spiral galaxy, M83, along with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging in the optical and NIR, and ground-based NIR imaging, to see how the colours (and hence estimated properties such as age and extinction) are affected by the aperture size employed, in order to simulate studies of differing resolution. We find that the NIR is heavily affected by the resolution, and when aperture sizes >40 pc are used, all young/blue clusters move redwards in colour space, which results in their appearance as heavily extincted clusters. However, this is due to contamination from nearby sources and nebular emission, and is not an extinction effect. Optical colours are much less affected by resolution. Due to the larger effect of contamination in the NIR, we find that, in some cases, clusters will appear to show NIR excess when large (>20 pc) apertures are used. Our results explain why few young (<6 Myr), low-extinction ({A_V}< 1 mag) clusters have been found in recent ground-based NIR studies of cluster populations, while many such clusters have been found in higher resolution HST-based studies. Additionally, resolution effects appear to (at least partially) explain the origin of the NIR excess that has been found in a number of extragalactic young massive clusters
Author self-citation in orthodontics is associated with author origin and gender.
No full textBACKGROUND
The aims of this bibliometric study were to determine author self-citation trends in high-impact orthodontic literature and to investigate possible association between self-citation and publication characteristics.
METHODS
Six orthodontic journals with the highest impact factor as ranked by 2017 Journal Citation Reports were screened for a full publication year (2018) for original research articles, reviews, and case reports. Eligible articles were scrutinized for article and author characteristics and citation metrics. Univariable and multivariable negative binomial regression was used to examine associations between self-citation incidence and publication characteristics.
RESULTS
Medians for author self-citation rate of the most self-citing authors and self-citations were 3.03% (range 0-50) and 1 (range 0-19), respectively. In the univariable analysis, there was no association between self-citation counts and study type (P = 0.41), article topic (P = 0.61), number of authors (P = 0.62), and rank of authors (P = 0.56). Author origin (P = 0.001), gender (P = 0.001) and journal (P = 0.05) were associated with self-citation counts and in the multivariable analysis only origin and gender remained strong self-citation predictors. Asian authors and females self-cited significantly less often than all other regions and male authors.
CONCLUSIONS
Authors in orthodontics do not self-cite at a frequency that suggests potential citation manipulation. Author origin and gender were the only variables associated with citations counts. More bibliometric research is necessary to draw solid conclusions about author self-citation trends in orthodontic literature
A MAD view of Trumpler 14
No full textWe present adaptive optics (AO) near-infrared observations of the core of the Tr 14 cluster in the Carina region obtained with the ESO multi-conjugate AO demonstrator, MAD. Our campaign yields AO-corrected observations with an image quality of about 0.2 '' across the 2' field of view, which is the widest AO mosaic ever obtained. We detected almost 2000 sources spanning a dynamic range of 10 mag. The pre-main sequence (PMS) locus in the colour-magnitude diagram is well reproduced by Palla & Stahler isochrones with an age of 3 to 5 x 10(5) yr, confirming the very young age of the cluster. We derive a very high (deprojected) central density n(0) similar to 4.5(+/- 0.5) x 10(4) pc(-3) and estimate the total mass of the cluster to be about similar to 4.3(-1.5)(+3.3) x 10(3) M-circle dot, although contamination of the field of view might have a significant impact on the derived mass. We show that the pairing process is largely dominated by chance alignment so that physical pairs are difficult to disentangle from spurious ones based on our single epoch observation. Yet, we identify 150 likely bound pairs, 30% of these with a separation smaller than 0.5 '' (similar to 1300 AU). We further show that at the 2 sigma level massive stars have more companions than lower-mass stars and that those companions are respectively brighter on average, thus more massive. Finally, we find some hints of mass segregation for stars heavier than about 10 M-circle dot. If confirmed, the observed degree of mass segregation could be explained by dynamical evolution, despite the young age of the cluster
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