8 research outputs found
HIV Infection And Neonatal Outcomes In Pregnant Women Living With Hiv In Iran: A Systematic Review
No full textBackgroundPregnant women worldwide face a significant public health problem caused by HIV infection. In addition to the risk of mother-to-child transmission, it can result in significant complications and detrimental pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. No comprehensive evidence is available to measure the neonatal outcomes of HIV infection in pregnant women in Iran. This study aimed to assess neonatal outcomes of HIV infection in pregnant women in Iran.MethodsThe search for international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ISI, and Embase, as well as all national databases, was done systematically until September 25th, 2024. The inclusion criteria encompassed any records reporting neonatal outcomes among pregnant women in Iran. The study outcomes included any neonatal implications related to HIV infection in pregnant women. ResultsA total of seven studies with participating 497 pregnant women living with HIV were identified. Abortion was the most common adverse pregnancy outcome. The proportion of newborns with HIV infection varied from 0% to 25.7%. The live birth rate exceeded 95% in most studies. Prophylaxis has been initiated for all newborns. Infant growth was within the normal range for the majority of infants.ConclusionAdverse neonatal outcomes among pregnant mothers with AIDS in Iran are quite low, and most of them receive care
Effects of ascorbic acid in a diet high in sucrose on the tongue, oral mucosa and muscular tissue in the prepubertal rat
No full textPLEASE NOTE: This work is protected by copyright. Downloading is restricted to the BU community: please log in with a valid BU account to access and click Download. If you are the author of this work and would like to make it publicly available, please contact [email protected] (M.Sc.D.)--Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Graduate Dentistry, 1981 (Pedodontics)Bibliography: leaves 42-51.Our aim was to determine the effects of ascorbic acid supplementation in a diet high in sucrose (suboptimal in protein) on the tongue, oral mucosa and other selected tissues in the rapidly growing rat. After a period of two week, a diet high in sucrose resulted in a significant decrease in DNA concentrations in heart muscle; this decrease was found to be reversed if ascorbic acid was included; on the other hand the protein concentrations of heart muscle were lower, suggesting that ascorbic acid favors either an increased turnover or decreased synthesis of total protein.In femoral muscle, we found a significant decrease in the protein bound hexoses among the rats fed the high sucrose diet; this phenomenon was reversed if ascorbic acid was included in such a diet; apparently, ascorbic acid tended to 'normalize' the concentration of protein bound hexoses in this tissue. In the tongue, the fucose to protein ratio was decreased in the control diet group treated with ascorbic acid; no such effect was observed in the rats fed the experimental diet with ascorbic acid.
Our data favors an interpretation that the ingestion of diet high in sucrose apparently is ameliorated, in some instances, by the ascorbic acid treatment. The chemical differences seen offer an approach toward designing specific experiments to determine the actual biochemical events in oral tissues. We discussed the relationship between the increased consumption of sucrose with the view of ascorbic acid needs. Such knowledge is important in dealing with populaulations c○nsuming foods high in sucrose. Thee consequences in related metabolic disorders were also discussed
Developing the guidelines for the digital transformation process based on the actor modeling framework
No full textMany companies use information systems to support their operations, but to properly utilize IS, organizations must go through a Digital Transformation (DT) process. One of the strategic assets needed to begin or accelerate the DT journey is Dynamic Capabilities (DC). Despite the progress that DT has achieved in understanding the contributions of individuals to the construction and maintenance of DC, there have been requests to engage more deeply with the nature of the work performed by actors who support these capabilities. Therefore, we focus on the
actors' roles in DC and use the Actor Modeling Framework to connect actors to DC. Then we developed a guideline by using a design-science approach to connect different parts of DT, and its application was tested in Prince George, Red Deer, and Grande Prairie EDOs. The guideline is like a clear map showing EDO organizations where they need to go to implement DT
Author Correction: Gene isoforms as expression-based biomarkers predictive of drug response in vitro
No full textIn the original version of this Article, financial support was not fully acknowledged. This error has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.</jats:p
Physiologic indices of patients before, during and after visit in coronary care unit at Imam Khomeini hospital in Ardebil
No full textPhysiologic indices of patients before, during and after visit in coronary care unit at Imam Khomeini hospital in Ardebil Kamrani, F.1* (MSN); Seyedjavadi, M.2 (MSN); Abedsaeedi, Zh.3 (PhD); Ezzati, Zh.4 (MSN); Alavimajd, H.5 (PhD); Hosseinian, A.6 (MD) 1. Lecturer, Dept. of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2. Alumnus, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran3. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.4. Lecture, Dept. of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.5. Associate Professor, Dept. of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.6. Cardiologist, Faculty of Medicine, Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran. Abstract Background and aimVisit is an essential issue in hospitals and of patients' basic needs in coronary care units (CCUs). However, there is no evidence regarding its physiologic effects on them. The aim of this was to determine the physiologic indexes of patients before, during and after visit at CCU of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardebil. Materials and methodsIn this descriptive study, 50 patients with acute myocardial infarction were selected through convenience sampling method. A questionnaire and a cardiac monitoring device were used for data collection. Content method and calibration the device were used for validity and reliability of the tools respectively. ANOVA with repeated measurements was used for data analysis. Findings %72 of patients was male and %28 was female. Their mean age was 59.8. Significant differences were found between systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures; heart as well as respiratory rates; temperature; and oxygen saturation before, during and after the visits. Accordingly, the indexes increased significantly by the start of visits and turned back to the previous state after them with no significant difference in before-after amounts. ConclusionIt seems that the physiologic indices of patients change in normal range during visits and return to their primary state after 30 minutes from the end of visits with no clinical importance. Keywords: Visit, Coronary Care Unit (CCU), Physiologic indexes. *Corresponding Author: Lecturer, Dept. of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]
Antioxidant supplementations ameliorate PCOS complications: a review of RCTs and insights into the underlying mechanisms
No full textPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most important gynecological disorders of women in the age of reproduction. Different hormonal and inflammatory cross-talks may play in the appearance of its eventual complications as a leading cause of infertility. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species over the power of the antioxidant system as oxidative stress is known to contribute to a variety of diseases like PCOS. Thus, the utilization of antioxidants can be efficient in preventing or assistant in treating these diseases. In this review, we describe the clinical trial studies that have examined the efficiency of antioxidant strategies against PCOS and the possible underlying mechanisms. The investigations presented here lead us to consider that targeting oxidative stress pathways is probably a powerful promising therapeutic approach towards PCOS. There is preparatory evidence of the effectiveness of antioxidant interventions in ameliorating some of the PCOS complications, including metabolic and hormonal disorders. Due to limited data and relatively few clinical trials, many of these interventions need further investigation before they can be considered effective agents for routine clinical use. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Dignity, face, and honor cultures: A study of negotiation strategy and outcomes in three cultures
No full textThis study compares negotiation strategy and outcomes in countries illustrating dignity, face, and honor cultures. Hypotheses predict cultural differences in negotiators' aspirations, use of strategy, and outcomes based on the implications of differences in self-worth and social structures in dignity, face, and honor cultures. Data were from a face-to-face negotiation simulation; participants were intra-cultural samples from the USA (dignity), China (face), and Qatar (honor). The empirical results provide strong evidence for the predictions concerning the reliance on more competitive negotiation strategies in honor and face cultures relative to dignity cultures in this context of negotiating a new business relationship. The study makes two important theoretical contributions. First, it proposes how and why people in a previously understudied part of the world, that is, the Middle East, use negotiation strategy. Second, it addresses a conundrum in the East Asian literature on negotiation: the theory and research that emphasize the norms of harmony and cooperation in social interaction versus empirical evidence that negotiations in East Asia are highly competitive. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, [email protected]
The Role of Narrative Perspective and Semantic Units in Shaping Ideological Discourse in Ancient Iranian Theological Texts: An Analysis through Roger Fowler’s Theory
No full textLiterary critics and linguists have increasingly focused on the interplay between linguistic and literary-narrative elements when analyzing diverse texts. In this context, the present study aims to examine the formation of ideological discourse in The Book of Arda Viraf, an ancient theological work rich in literary and linguistic complexity. Conducted as a descriptive-analytical inquiry with a selected sample, the study centers on different narrative perspectives and their constitutive semantic units. The primary research question asks: How do three distinct planes of perspective—spatial, psychological, and ideological—function within The Book of Arda Viraf to construct and convey its ideological discourse, which reflects a coherent set of values and beliefs? The study employs Roger Fowler’s theoretical framework, supplemented by the ideas of Halliday, Uspensky, and Genette. The analysis is based on the phonetic transcription and transliteration of the original text, alongside Zhaleh Amouzgar’s Persian translation of Philippe Gignoux’s French version. Findings indicate that The Book of Arda Viraf lacks a singular identifiable author and was not composed primarily for literary purposes. Nonetheless, it contains diverse narrative and linguistic elements that contribute significantly to the construction of its dominant ideological discourse throughout the narrative.IntroductionThe growing importance of research on the functions of language in literary creation, criticism, and drama has shifted scholarly focus toward the linguistic potential of various texts—whether fiction, drama, or non-fiction. However, since linguistics began to integrate with literary criticism, significant disagreements have emerged between linguists and literary theorists. At one end of the spectrum, literary critics like David Lodge argue that linguistic tools cannot be effectively applied to literary analysis due to an inherent conflict between science and values. Lodge (1966) maintains that literature engages with values that resist scientific evaluation, whereas modern linguistics is a scientific discipline; therefore, linguistics can never replace literary criticism.Conversely, linguists such as Roman Jakobson assert that literature is intrinsically connected to the structure of language, and thus, poetics and literature should be regarded as complementary to linguistics (Sebeok, 1960). This division has gradually blurred, influenced by developments in linguistics, the innovative narrative techniques of modernist writers like James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and William Faulkner, and more recent language-conscious playwrights such as Mac Wellman, Len Jenkin, and Erik Ehn, who employ language in distinctive ways. This convergence has led many literary critics to recognize the relationship between linguistic features—such as grammatical structures and word formation—and the construction of meaning and overall textual characteristics (Barry, 2009).In this context, Roger Fowler made a significant contribution by drawing on modern linguistic concepts and methods to offer a linguistic reinterpretation of dramatic elements in Aristotle’s Poetics and other literary criticism concepts. Fowler’s work prominently features the concept of discourse, which he examines through linguistic, literary, and dramatic lenses, viewing discourse as an active linguistic force within works of fiction.Building on Fowler’s theory, the present research investigates how different planes of narrative perspective and semantic units are employed in The Book of Arda Viraf to shape and present the text’s dominant ideological discourse.Literature ReviewTwo Persian-language studies have applied Roger Fowler’s theories to literary analysis. In “Text and Discourse Analysis of Ibrahim Golestan’s Cripple Based on Roger Fowler’s Linguistic Theory,” Abdollahian et al. (2018) examined Golestan’s story through Fowler’s concepts of surface structure and linguistic features such as suspense, ambiguity, repetition, oxymoron, pronoun deletion, referentiality, extensive verb use, long sentences, and rhetorical questions. Their analysis ultimately explored the notions of discourse and perspective within Golestan’s narrative. In another study, “Discourse Analysis in Golshiri’s The House of Light Using Roger Fowler’s Theory,” Abdollahian et al. (2020) focused on surface textual features—particularly syntactic disarray—to investigate discourse formation in Golshiri’s story.Regarding English-language literature, several attempts have been made to advance Fowler’s theories. For example, Mair’s (1985) article “The ‘New Stylistics’: A Success Story or the Story of Successful Self-Deception?” sought to extend Fowler’s methodology alongside those of other linguists such as Louise Pratt. Studies directly related to the present inquiry have examined various conceptual and methodological aspects; for instance, Brunk’s (2001) article “‘En Otras Voces’: Multiple Voices in Sandra Cisneros’ ‘The House on Mango Street’” employed Fowler’s and Uspensky’s theories to analyze narrative perspective and polyphony.A few studies have also addressed the linguistic–narrative features of The Book of Arda Viraf and the role of discourse in theological texts (e.g., Bazgir et al., 2018; Moghaddam et al., 2017). However, the novelty of the present research lies in its methodological approach, which employs literary–linguistic tools to examine the ideological discourse of The Book of Arda Viraf.Among ancient Iranian theological texts—such as the Ascension of Zoroaster, Ascension of Vishtaspa, and Ascension of Kartir—The Book of Arda Viraf stands out as the most important and comprehensive, due to its considerable influence and the comparative studies conducted on it. While linguistic–literary elements in ancient Iranian theological texts generally function in a simpler manner compared to modern stories and novels, The Book of Arda Viraf makes extensive use of such elements to engage its audience and shape its dominant ideological discourse. MethodologyThis descriptive–analytical study employs Roger Fowler’s theoretical framework to examine how The Book of Arda Viraf constructs its dominant discourse. The analysis focuses on the use of spatial, psychological, and ideological perspectives, as well as narrative personae and semantic units, in shaping the text’s overarching ideological message. ConclusionThe research findings reveal that ancient theological texts like The Book of Arda Viraf share similarities with modern fiction and non-fiction in their use of linguistic and semantic elements to construct discourse, often carrying a strong ideological charge. In The Book of Arda Viraf, the dominant ideological discourse unfolds as Viraf (or Wiraz) embarks on a journey to the afterlife, which can also be interpreted symbolically as an inner, spiritual voyage. Throughout this journey, the text shapes and presents its dominant discourse to the reader on multiple narrative levels by employing linguistic–literary elements such as spatializations and their associated semantic units, perspectives, focalizations (both the focalizer and the focalized), the meanings embodied by the personae, and the various functions of language.Over its 101 chapters, the book engages the reader by delineating norms of good and evil, alongside guidance for adhering to these moral principles. While Wiraz is introduced as a historical figure, he can also be understood symbolically—as can his journey—representing a character who undergoes transformation under the influence of the text’s ideological discourse.The findings suggest that The Book of Arda Viraf does not rely on complex linguistic or semantic techniques to establish its dominant discourse. Compared to modern texts, the discourse formation here is relatively straightforward. Nonetheless, Fowler’s analytical framework proved effective in examining ancient Iranian theological texts and may also be useful for analyzing more contemporary works of fiction and non-fiction.In conclusion, most ancient Iranian theological texts, including The Book of Arda Viraf, lack a specific author and were not composed primarily for literary purposes—sometimes resembling prayers or devotional texts. Yet, they still employ particular literary–linguistic techniques to shape and convey their often ideological discourse to readers. These techniques bear resemblance to those found in modern literature, albeit in a simpler form
