1,720,967 research outputs found
Interactions entre prébiotiques et bactéries commensales d’intérêt santé : impact sur la croissance bactérienne et les activités métaboliques
No full textLe tractus gastro-intestinal héberge une communauté microbienne riche et diversifiée appelée microbiote intestinal. Cet écosystème contribue de manière significative à la santé et au bien-être de l'homme. L'apport de substrats alimentaires permettant de modifier la composition et les fonctions du microbiote intestinal pour des bénéfices santé est à la base du concept de prébiotique. Aujourd’hui, il apparait déterminant d'acquérir une meilleure compréhension des interactions dynamiques entre les prébiotiques et le microbiote intestinal humain. Dans cette étude, plusieurs ingrédients alimentaires ont été étudiés comme prébiotiques potentiels. Des expériences de culture in vitro ont été réalisées sur des monocultures et des consortia bactériens d’intérêt. Nos résultats ont révélé les capacités métaboliques de bactéries d’intérêt santé à utiliser ces sucres complexes. Des profils métaboliques détaillés ont montré que la croissance bactérienne et les profils de fermentation semblent influencés de manière significative par les sources de carbone et l’affiliation taxonomique des bactéries. Des analyses génomiques comparatives ont mis en évidence les potentiels enzymatiques de chaque espèce bactérienne à métaboliser les prébiotiques d’intérêt. Ces données ont révélé une adaptation des bactéries d’intérêt santé à leur environnement nutritionnel. Nous proposons que ce travail apporte des arguments supplémentaires pour le développement d'aliments fonctionnels à base de prébiotiques.Complex microbial community inhabitants of the gastro-intestinal tract constitute the gut microbiota. This ecosystem contributes significantly to human health and wellbeing. The provision of dietary substrates to modify the composition and functions of the gut microbiota for health benefits is at the basis of the concept of prebiotics. The current challenge is to gain a better comprehension of the dynamic interplay between prebiotics and the human gut microbiota. In this study, several food ingredients were investigated as potential prebiotics. In vitro cultivation-based experiments were carried out using individual bacterial species and synthetic microbial assemblies. Our results revealed the metabolic capacities of health-relevant bacteria to utilise complex carbohydrates. In-depth metabolic profiles showed that bacterial growth and fermentation profiles appear to be significantly influenced by both carbon sources and taxonomic affiliation. Comparative genomic analyses highlighted the enzymatic potential of each bacterial species to metabolise the prebiotics of interest. These data revealed an adaptation of health-relevant bacteria to their nutritional environment. We expect that this work provides further rationales for the development of functional foods applied to prebiotics
Interactions entre prébiotiques et bactéries commensales d’intérêt santé : impact sur la croissance bactérienne et les activités métaboliques
No full textComplex microbial community inhabitants of the gastro-intestinal tract constitute the gut microbiota. This ecosystem contributes significantly to human health and wellbeing. The provision of dietary substrates to modify the composition and functions of the gut microbiota for health benefits is at the basis of the concept of prebiotics. The current challenge is to gain a better comprehension of the dynamic interplay between prebiotics and the human gut microbiota. In this study, several food ingredients were investigated as potential prebiotics. In vitro cultivation-based experiments were carried out using individual bacterial species and synthetic microbial assemblies. Our results revealed the metabolic capacities of health-relevant bacteria to utilise complex carbohydrates. In-depth metabolic profiles showed that bacterial growth and fermentation profiles appear to be significantly influenced by both carbon sources and taxonomic affiliation. Comparative genomic analyses highlighted the enzymatic potential of each bacterial species to metabolise the prebiotics of interest. These data revealed an adaptation of health-relevant bacteria to their nutritional environment. We expect that this work provides further rationales for the development of functional foods applied to prebiotics.Le tractus gastro-intestinal héberge une communauté microbienne riche et diversifiée appelée microbiote intestinal. Cet écosystème contribue de manière significative à la santé et au bien-être de l'homme. L'apport de substrats alimentaires permettant de modifier la composition et les fonctions du microbiote intestinal pour des bénéfices santé est à la base du concept de prébiotique. Aujourd’hui, il apparait déterminant d'acquérir une meilleure compréhension des interactions dynamiques entre les prébiotiques et le microbiote intestinal humain. Dans cette étude, plusieurs ingrédients alimentaires ont été étudiés comme prébiotiques potentiels. Des expériences de culture in vitro ont été réalisées sur des monocultures et des consortia bactériens d’intérêt. Nos résultats ont révélé les capacités métaboliques de bactéries d’intérêt santé à utiliser ces sucres complexes. Des profils métaboliques détaillés ont montré que la croissance bactérienne et les profils de fermentation semblent influencés de manière significative par les sources de carbone et l’affiliation taxonomique des bactéries. Des analyses génomiques comparatives ont mis en évidence les potentiels enzymatiques de chaque espèce bactérienne à métaboliser les prébiotiques d’intérêt. Ces données ont révélé une adaptation des bactéries d’intérêt santé à leur environnement nutritionnel. Nous proposons que ce travail apporte des arguments supplémentaires pour le développement d'aliments fonctionnels à base de prébiotiques
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Pulses: A way to encourage sustainable fiber consumption
No full textInternational audienceBackground: The gap between recommended and actual dietary fiber consumption in Western societies is increasing largely, due to a shift towards a Western dietary pattern. This has resulted in a marked deficit in dietary fiber intake that can negatively impact the intestinal microbiota and thereby increase susceptibility to various diseases. Scope and approach: This review investigates the potential of pulses, rich in dietary fiber and protein, to bridge this fiber gap. It highlights the role of pulses in enriching the human gut microbiota through their prebiotic properties, supporting sustainable diets, and contributing to environmental sustainability. Furthermore, we delve into the impact of diverse pulse processing methods and explore the breadth of industrially produced pulse-based products. Key findings and conclusions: Pulses emerge as a compelling strategy to combat dietary fiber deficiency. They serve a dual purpose of promoting health through their prebiotic properties and sustainability through their high protein content and low environmental impact. The versatility of pulses enables their integration into an array of dietary patterns, making them a significant catalyst in the shift towards healthier, more sustainable diets. Despite the appeal of pulses, their underutilization highlights a missed opportunity for improving dietary fiber intake and enhancing gut health in Western societies. The broadening array of pulse-based products points towards a promising avenue for increasing pulse consumption and bridging the fiber gap
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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