1,720,959 research outputs found
Responsible innovation in France: A proxy allowing agents of the political and economic fields to interact
Get PDFThis article examines the issue of responsible innovation in France. To describe its underlying mechanisms and logics, we retrace the advent of innovation in public policy and its reception in French firms, showing how responsible innovation has become the cornerstone of public-private interactions. The legal and administrative context of innovation in France, on the one hand, the emerging departments and managers of innovation in the large groups, on the other hand, participate in producing spaces where agents of the political and economic fields converge. Such situated interactions hinge on shared world views, values and tools. Innovation managers, executive directors of large firms, some French politicians and public servants seize upon responsible innovation and create areas regulated by specific norms and values. In these shared spaces, responsible innovation is the star object, the proxy for exchanges between the economic and the political fields
Des managers pour l'innovation : effets organisationnels et professionnels d'une catégorie politique
No full textThis doctoral thesis aims to describe the emergence of a new professional group: innovation managers. Innovation is captured by the political, the economic, the organizational, the professional dimension and the work. This research first shows how legislative, administrative and regulatory work from the 1960s to the present day configures organizational and professional fields of possibility that are seized upon by particular agents because of their trajectories and aspirations.The thesis then analyzes the work of these agents, which consists of both producing and accompanying a definition of innovation in large French companies. In order to do so, the innovation managers fit into existing organizational and productive critiques and propose actions that they believe will enable their companies to be more innovative. Each of the orientations and proposals formulated by the innovation managers is part of their professionalization process.In total, the thesis shows that the term innovation as used by these professionals tends to move away from a classical technical definition. They produce and import tools and techniques for managing the workforce that aim to create the conditions for innovation at all levels of the organization. It is therefore a question of unfolding the lexical field of innovation management, its practical translation and the segmentation of its activity. In doing so, it is more generally the organization of work that these professionals wish to shake up. To do this, they can count on a dominant ideology of innovation, particularly in the field of power, which promotes profound "cultural" transformations.Cette thèse de doctorat a pour objectif de décrire l'émergence d'un nouveau groupe professionnel : les managers de l'innovation. L'innovation est saisie tout à la fois par le politique, l'économique, l'organisationnel, la dimension professionnelle et le travail. Cette recherche montre d'abord comment le travail législatif, administratif et réglementaire des années 1960 à nos jours configure des champs des possibles organisationnel et professionnel dont se saisissent des agents particuliers par leurs trajectoires et par leurs aspirations.La thèse analyse ensuite le travail de ces derniers qui consiste tant à produire qu'à accompagner une définition de l'innovation dans les grandes entreprises françaises. Pour ce faire, les managers de l'innovation s'inscrivent dans des critiques organisationnelles et productives existantes et proposent des actions qui selon eux permettront à leurs entreprises d'être plus innovantes. Chacune des orientations et des propositions formulées par les managers de l'innovation s'inscrit dans le processus de professionnalisation de ces derniers.Au total, la thèse montre que le terme innovation tel qu'il est manié par ces professionnels tend à s'éloigner d'une définition techniciste classique. Ceux-ci produisent et importent des outils et des techniques de gestion de la main d'œuvre qui ont pour objectif de créer les conditions de possibilité de l'innovation à tous les niveaux de l'organisation. Il s'agit donc de déplier le champ lexical du management de l'innovation, sa traduction pratique et la segmentation de son activité. Ce faisant, c'est plus généralement l'organisation du travail que ces professionnels souhaitent bousculer. Pour cela, ils peuvent compter sur une idéologie dominante de l'innovation, portée notamment dans le champ du pouvoir, qui promeut des transformations « culturelles » profondes
Devenir un « champion national » : d’un espace des possibles institutionnels aux arrangements d’un docteur/startupeur
No full textDans cet article, je déplie succinctement les dispositifs avec lesquels un docteur en nanophysique devenu startupeur compose. Cette opération permet de montrer les relations entre des mesures d’action publique - des opportunités objectives - et la trajectoire d’un agent. Ce faisant, j’identifie de multiples arrangements et mets ainsi en exergue l’appropriation par un docteur/startupeur de ce que j’appelle un espace des possibles institutionnels. Cet article montre les boucles de rétroaction qui mènent à produire, à discuter et, dans une certaine mesure, à alimenter cet espace. En somme, l'article montre comment les aspirations d'un startupeur trouvent un espace d'expression dans des dispositifs d'action publique et comment ces aspirations viennent renforcer des perspectives institutionnelles.In this article, I succinctly unfold the devices with which a doctor in nanophysics turned start-up founder comes to terms. This operation demonstrates the relationships between public action measures - objective opportunities - and an agent's trajectory. In so doing, I identify multiple arrangements, highlighting a doctor/startuper’s appropriation of what I call a space of institutional possibilities. This article shows the feedback loops that lead to the production, discussion and, to some extent, nourishment of this space. In short, the article shows how a startuper's aspirations find space for expression in public action mechanisms, and how these aspirations reinforce institutional perspectives
Des managers pour l'innovation : effets organisationnels et professionnels d'une catégorie politique
No full textThis doctoral thesis aims to describe the emergence of a new professional group: innovation managers. Innovation is captured by the political, the economic, the organizational, the professional dimension and the work. This research first shows how legislative, administrative and regulatory work from the 1960s to the present day configures organizational and professional fields of possibility that are seized upon by particular agents because of their trajectories and aspirations.The thesis then analyzes the work of these agents, which consists of both producing and accompanying a definition of innovation in large French companies. In order to do so, the innovation managers fit into existing organizational and productive critiques and propose actions that they believe will enable their companies to be more innovative. Each of the orientations and proposals formulated by the innovation managers is part of their professionalization process.In total, the thesis shows that the term innovation as used by these professionals tends to move away from a classical technical definition. They produce and import tools and techniques for managing the workforce that aim to create the conditions for innovation at all levels of the organization. It is therefore a question of unfolding the lexical field of innovation management, its practical translation and the segmentation of its activity. In doing so, it is more generally the organization of work that these professionals wish to shake up. To do this, they can count on a dominant ideology of innovation, particularly in the field of power, which promotes profound "cultural" transformations.Cette thèse de doctorat a pour objectif de décrire l'émergence d'un nouveau groupe professionnel : les managers de l'innovation. L'innovation est saisie tout à la fois par le politique, l'économique, l'organisationnel, la dimension professionnelle et le travail. Cette recherche montre d'abord comment le travail législatif, administratif et réglementaire des années 1960 à nos jours configure des champs des possibles organisationnel et professionnel dont se saisissent des agents particuliers par leurs trajectoires et par leurs aspirations.La thèse analyse ensuite le travail de ces derniers qui consiste tant à produire qu'à accompagner une définition de l'innovation dans les grandes entreprises françaises. Pour ce faire, les managers de l'innovation s'inscrivent dans des critiques organisationnelles et productives existantes et proposent des actions qui selon eux permettront à leurs entreprises d'être plus innovantes. Chacune des orientations et des propositions formulées par les managers de l'innovation s'inscrit dans le processus de professionnalisation de ces derniers.Au total, la thèse montre que le terme innovation tel qu'il est manié par ces professionnels tend à s'éloigner d'une définition techniciste classique. Ceux-ci produisent et importent des outils et des techniques de gestion de la main d'œuvre qui ont pour objectif de créer les conditions de possibilité de l'innovation à tous les niveaux de l'organisation. Il s'agit donc de déplier le champ lexical du management de l'innovation, sa traduction pratique et la segmentation de son activité. Ce faisant, c'est plus généralement l'organisation du travail que ces professionnels souhaitent bousculer. Pour cela, ils peuvent compter sur une idéologie dominante de l'innovation, portée notamment dans le champ du pouvoir, qui promeut des transformations « culturelles » profondes
Managers for innovation : organisational and professional effects of a political category
No full textCette thèse de doctorat a pour objectif de décrire l'émergence d'un nouveau groupe professionnel : les managers de l'innovation. L'innovation est saisie tout à la fois par le politique, l'économique, l'organisationnel, la dimension professionnelle et le travail. Cette recherche montre d'abord comment le travail législatif, administratif et réglementaire des années 1960 à nos jours configure des champs des possibles organisationnel et professionnel dont se saisissent des agents particuliers par leurs trajectoires et par leurs aspirations.La thèse analyse ensuite le travail de ces derniers qui consiste tant à produire qu'à accompagner une définition de l'innovation dans les grandes entreprises françaises. Pour ce faire, les managers de l'innovation s'inscrivent dans des critiques organisationnelles et productives existantes et proposent des actions qui selon eux permettront à leurs entreprises d'être plus innovantes. Chacune des orientations et des propositions formulées par les managers de l'innovation s'inscrit dans le processus de professionnalisation de ces derniers.Au total, la thèse montre que le terme innovation tel qu'il est manié par ces professionnels tend à s'éloigner d'une définition techniciste classique. Ceux-ci produisent et importent des outils et des techniques de gestion de la main d'œuvre qui ont pour objectif de créer les conditions de possibilité de l'innovation à tous les niveaux de l'organisation. Il s'agit donc de déplier le champ lexical du management de l'innovation, sa traduction pratique et la segmentation de son activité. Ce faisant, c'est plus généralement l'organisation du travail que ces professionnels souhaitent bousculer. Pour cela, ils peuvent compter sur une idéologie dominante de l'innovation, portée notamment dans le champ du pouvoir, qui promeut des transformations « culturelles » profondes.This doctoral thesis aims to describe the emergence of a new professional group: innovation managers. Innovation is captured by the political, the economic, the organizational, the professional dimension and the work. This research first shows how legislative, administrative and regulatory work from the 1960s to the present day configures organizational and professional fields of possibility that are seized upon by particular agents because of their trajectories and aspirations.The thesis then analyzes the work of these agents, which consists of both producing and accompanying a definition of innovation in large French companies. In order to do so, the innovation managers fit into existing organizational and productive critiques and propose actions that they believe will enable their companies to be more innovative. Each of the orientations and proposals formulated by the innovation managers is part of their professionalization process.In total, the thesis shows that the term innovation as used by these professionals tends to move away from a classical technical definition. They produce and import tools and techniques for managing the workforce that aim to create the conditions for innovation at all levels of the organization. It is therefore a question of unfolding the lexical field of innovation management, its practical translation and the segmentation of its activity. In doing so, it is more generally the organization of work that these professionals wish to shake up. To do this, they can count on a dominant ideology of innovation, particularly in the field of power, which promotes profound "cultural" transformations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Responsible innovation in France: A proxy allowing agents of the political and economic fields to interact
Get PDFThis article examines the issue of responsible innovation in France. To describe its underlying mechanisms and logics, we retrace the advent of innovation in public policy and its reception in French firms, showing how responsible innovation has become the cornerstone of public-private interactions. The legal and administrative context of innovation in France, on the one hand, the emerging departments and managers of innovation in the large groups, on the other hand, participate in producing spaces where agents of the political and economic fields converge. Such situated interactions hinge on shared world views, values and tools. Innovation managers, executive directors of large firms, some French politicians and public servants seize upon responsible innovation and create areas regulated by specific norms and values. In these shared spaces, responsible innovation is the star object, the proxy for exchanges between the economic and the political fields
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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