186,981 research outputs found
Where do prices come from? Sociological approaches to price formation
No full textThe article provides an overview of the state of the art of sociological research on price formation. The dominant trait of the sociological approach to prices is to understand price formation not as the outcome of individual preferences but as the result of the social and political forces operating within the market field. The article proceeds from the concept of market fields and is organized around the three dominant approaches in economic sociology: the network approach, the institutional approach, and the cultural approach. -- Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über den Forschungsstand zum Thema Preisbildung in der Soziologie. Ausgangspunkt der Betrachtung von Preisen aus soziologischer Perspektive ist, diese nicht als das Resultat individueller Präferenzen zu verstehen, sondern als Ausdruck der sozialen und politischen Kräfte in Märkten. Der Artikel orientiert sich an dem Konzept der Marktfelder und ist anhand der drei Hauptrichtungen der Wirtschaftssoziologie strukturiert: des Netzwerkansatzes, des institutionellen Ansatzes und des kulturellen Ansatzes.
Reaching Adult Status Among Emerging Adults in United States, Italy, and Taiwan
No full textToday, most societies allow more time for young people to transition to adulthood. Compared to youth from a generation ago, young people today are delaying marriage, prolonging their educational pursuits, and deemphasizing the need for a single life-long career. The purpose of this study was to delineate patterns of transitioning to adulthood among young people from three countries. As part of a collaborative multisite project, 1,310 emerging adults from Taiwan (n = 372), Italy (n = 364), and the United States (n = 574) provided perceptions of their endorsement and attainment of certain commonly accepted adult status markers. Using latent profile analysis, a four-class model emerged. The groups were not culturally specific and the groupings highlighted unique approaches to how emerging adults conceptualized adulthood. Using Marcia’s identity statuses as loose labels for each group, the achieved group was the largest as they showed an inclination toward endorsing and attaining most adult markers. Other groups showed both delay (diffused) and perplexity (transitional) toward many markers of adulthood. Using an alignment procedure to account for cross-cultural measurement non-invariance, the role of individualism-collectivism, filial piety, and parental autonomy support in relation to adult status profiles were also explored across participant groups. Vertical collectivism and authoritarian filial piety were the most predictive whereas parental autonomy support was less predictive in class membership in both the overall and stratified regression analyses
The Worth of Goods: Valuation and Pricing in the Economy
No full textHow do we place value on goods - and, importantly, why? Valuation and pricing are core issues in the market economy, but understanding of these concepts and their interrelation is weak. In response, The Worth of Goods takes a sociological approach to the perennial but timely question of what makes a product valuable. Structured in three parts, it first examines value in the broader sense - moral values and how they are formed, and the relations between economic and non-economic values - discussing such matters as the value of an oil spill, the price of a scientific paper, value in ethical consumption, and imaginative value. The second part discusses the issues surrounding valuation in aesthetic markets, specifically wine, fashion models, art, and the creative industries. The third part analyzes valuation in financial markets - credit rating agencies, stock exchange markets, and industrial production. This pioneering volume brings together leading social scientists to provide a range of theoretical tools and case studies for understanding price and the creation of value in markets within social and cultural contexts and preconditions. It is an important source for scholars in economics, sociology, anthropology, and political science interested in how markets work, and how value is established.List of figures List of tables Notes on contributors Introduction 1 Value in Markets Patrik Aspers and Jens Beckert PART I What is valuable? 2 Price and Prejudice: On Economics and the Enchantment (and Disenchantment) of Nature Marion Fourcade 3 What is the Price of a Scientific Paper? Lucien Karpik 4 The Value of Ethics: Monitoring Normative Compliance in Ethical Consumption Markets Peter Gourevitch 5 The Transcending Power of Goods: Imaginative Value in the Economy Jens Beckert PART II Aesthetic markets 6 Symbolic Value and the Establishment of Prices: Globalization of the Wine Market Marie-France Garcia-Parpet 7 Pricing Looks: Circuits of Value in Fashion Modeling Markets Ashley Mears 8 Damien's Dangerous Idea: Valuing Contemporary Art at Auction Olav Velthuis 9 Infinitive Surprises: On the Stabilization of Value in the Creative Industries Michael Hutter PART III Financial markets 10 Forecasting as Valuation: The Role of Ratings and Predictions in the Subprime Mortgage Crisis in the United States Akos Rona-Tas and Stefanie Hiss 11 Selling Value in Kenya's Nairobi Stock Exchange Christopher Yenkey 12 Coping with Contingencies in Equity Option Markets: The "Rationality" of Pricing Charles W. Smith PART IV Organizations 13 Valuing Products as Cultural Symbols: A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Illustration Davide Ravasi, Violina Rindova, and Ileana Stigliani Postscript 14 What's Valuable? David Stark Inde
Erbe und Leistung: Für und wider eine Ausweitung der Erbschaftsteuer: 14. Streitgespräch des Bucerius Law Journal am 2. Mai 2013
No full textEs diskutierten Professor Dr. Jens Beckert (Soziologe, Direktor des Max-Planck-Instituts für Gesellschaftsforschung in Köln), Professor Dr. Gregor Crezelius (Inhaber eines Lehrstuhls für Steuerrecht an der Universität Erlangen), Professor Dr. Peter Rawert (Notar in Hamburg und Honorar-Professor an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel) und Professor Dr. Anne Röthel (Inhaberin eines Lehrstuhl für Privatrecht an der Bucerius Law School in Hamburg), die auch die Moderation des Streitgespräches übernahm. Herr Beckert wurde von der Redaktion um einen einleitenden Kurzvortrag gebeten
Erbe und Leistung: Für und wider eine Ausweitung der Erbschaftsteuer: 14. Streitgespräch des Bucerius Law Journal am 2. Mai 2013
No full textEs diskutierten Professor Dr. Jens Beckert (Soziologe, Direktor des Max-Planck-Instituts für Gesellschaftsforschung in Köln), Professor Dr. Gregor Crezelius (Inhaber eines Lehrstuhls für Steuerrecht an der Universität Erlangen), Professor Dr. Peter Rawert (Notar in Hamburg und Honorar-Professor an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel) und Professor Dr. Anne Röthel (Inhaberin eines Lehrstuhl für Privatrecht an der Bucerius Law School in Hamburg), die auch die Moderation des Streitgespräches übernahm. Herr Beckert wurde von der Redaktion um einen einleitenden Kurzvortrag gebeten
EXAVIS42 – Efficient methods for creation, feature extraction, and interactive visualization of isosurfaces of 3D volume data
No full textOur workflow of processing of 3D volume, geometric, and feature data consists of the following steps:
1. Preprocessing (filtering, resampling, denosing) of 3D volume data (here: result of CT)
2. Octree-based, compressed representation of isosurface and per-vertex data (EXA file format)
3. Triangulation of isosurface, implementing a manifold dual marching cube algorithm
4. Postprocessing (smoothing) and feature extraction of 3D polygon data (here: isosurface)
5. Interactive 3D visualization of isosurface and feature data (option: stereoscopic rendering)
All methods are implemented in C, taking advantage of multi-core parallelization in OpenMP, and applying OpenGL4 for 3D rendering purposes. GTK3 is used for abstraction of the user interface. The modules are tested in Linux (Ubuntu) and Windows environments (MSYS2 and MS Visual Studio).
An application example and data set is published here: Michel, Cécile, Schroer, Christian, Olbrich, Stephan, Ehteram, Samaneh, & Beckert, Andreas. (2024). AO 8295 (X-Ray Tomography 3D data of an Enveloped Clay Tablet, Louvre Museum, Paris) [Data set]. http://doi.org/10.25592/uhhfdm.14776
An video animation generated by EXAVIS42 is published here: Olbrich, Stephan, & Beckert, Andreas. (2024). Non-invasive, virtual unpacking of enclosed cuneiform - 3D reconstruction and visualization of clay tablets based on data acquired by portable micro-CT scanner. http://doi.org/10.25592/uhhfdm.14772
Our work will be published here: Olbrich, S., Beckert, A., Michel, C., Schroer, C., Ehteram, S., Schropp, A., Paetzold, P.: Efficient Analysis and Visualization of High-Resolution Computed Tomography Data for the Exploration of Enclosed Cuneiform Tablets. LDAV 2024 – 14th IEEE Symposium on Large Data Analysis and Visualization, October 13 – 18, 2024, St. Pete Beach, Florida (accepted)
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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