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Deutsche Sagen / Nach Brüder Wilh. u. Jak. Grimm, K. Simrock, G. Schwab, L. Bechstein, W. O. von Horn u. A. Gesammelt und bearbeitet von Gustav A. Ritter. Mit Illustrationen und farbigen Kunstblättern von Ed. Brüning u. H. Tischler
Full text linkDEUTSCHE SAGEN / NACH BRÜDER WILH. U. JAK. GRIMM, K. SIMROCK, G. SCHWAB, L. BECHSTEIN, W. O. VON HORN U. A. GESAMMELT UND BEARBEITET VON GUSTAV A. RITTER. MIT ILLUSTRATIONEN UND FARBIGEN KUNSTBLÄTTERN VON ED. BRÜNING U. H. TISCHLER
Deutsche Sagen / Nach Brüder Wilh. u. Jak. Grimm, K. Simrock, G. Schwab, L. Bechstein, W. O. von Horn u. A. Gesammelt und bearbeitet von Gustav A. Ritter. Mit Illustrationen und farbigen Kunstblättern von Ed. Brüning u. H. Tischler (1)
Cover (1)
Chapter (8)
Titelseite (10)
Inhaltsverzeichnis (11)
Vorwort (14)
Heldensagen (15)
Sagen aus der Mark (50)
Sagen aus Posen und Preußen (81)
Sagen aus Pommern und Mecklenburg (93)
Sagen aus Holstein und Nordwestdeutschland (108)
Sagen aus Schlesien (121)
Sagen aus Sächsischen Ländern (153)
Sagen aus Thüringen (165)
Sagen aus dem Harz (197)
Sagen aus Hessen und Westfalen (220)
Sagen aus dem Rheinland (234)
Sagen aus der Pfalz und den Reichslanden (274)
Sagen aus Württemberg und Baden (286)
Sagen aus Bayern (314)
Sagen aus Österreich (323)
Sagen aus der Schweiz (342
Die Bedeutung der toxischen Sauerstoffradikale beim Ischämie/Reperfusionsschaden nach Lebertransplantation in der Ratte
Full text linkEinleitung: Der Ischämie/Reperfusionsschaden (I/R) ist die wesentliche Ursache des frühen Transplantatversagens nach Lebertransplantation (LTx). Fettlebern sind dabei besonders betroffen. Freie Sauerstoffradikale spielen bei der Pathogenese eine zentrale Rolle. Die Morphologie der so versagenden Transplantatleber ist charakterisiert durch Entzündung, Nekrose und Apoptose. Endogene Radikalfänger wie die Superoxiddismutase (SOD), nicht aber exogen zugefuhrte, bauen freie Radikale ab. Das Ziel der vorgelegten Studien war es, im Modell der LTx von gesunden und verfetteten Lebern in der Ratte mittels adenoviralem Gentransfer von SOD den I/R zu vermindern, die Überlebensrate zu erhöhen und zugrunde liegende Mechanismen aufzuzeigen. Methoden: Bei Experimenten mit verfetteten Lebern wurde eine ausgeprägte Steatose der Spenderlebern durch Füttern einer Ethanol- und fettreichen Diät (Lieber-DiCarli) erzeugt. Explantierte Lebern wurden für 24 h konserviert und orthotop transplantiert. Einigen Spendern wurde 72 h vor Organentnahme Cu/Zn-SOD enthaltendes Adenovirus (Ad.SOD1) i.v. appliziert. Als Kontrollen dienten Fettlebern, welche mit dem Gen von b-Galaktosidase (Ad.lacZ) transfiziert wurden, oder aber gesunde Lebern. Untersuchungsparameter waren neben Transfektionsparametern die Transaminasen, histopathologische Morphologie, Überlebensraten, sowie die Aktivierung von Transkriptionsfaktoren und deren Kinasen. Freie Radikale wurden in der Galle mittels Elektronenspin-Resonanz-Spektroskopie nachgewiesen. In weiteren Experimenten wurden auch die mitochondriale und die extrazelluläre Isoform hinsichtlich ihrer protektiven Wirkung untersucht. Ebenso wurde die Auswirkung der freien Radikale auf die Regeneration nach Teillebertransplantation untersucht. Ergebnisse: 72 h nach Injektion von Ad.lacZ exprimierten etwa 80% aller Hepatozyten die b-Galaktosidase. In der Ad.SOD1 Gruppe war die Genexpression 3-fach, die Aktivität 12-fach erhöht. Im Vergleich zu den unbehandelten oder Ad.lacZ infizierten Empfängern von Fettlebern, stiegen die Transaminasen um etwa 50% bei der Ad.SOD1 Gruppe an. Alle Empfänger von Ad-SOD1 behandelten Fettlebern überlebten, hingegen nur 10% der Ad.lacZ Gruppe. Etwa 35% der Hepatozyten von Fettlebern waren nekrotisch, jedoch nur 10% in Ad.SOD1-behandelten Fettlebern. Ad.SOD1 halbierte die Freisetzung von freien Radikalen und minimierte die Aktivierung von NF-kB. Die Aktivität der Kinase IKK wurde nicht reduziert, der Anstieg der Aktivität von JNK jedoch komplett inhibiert. Die Freisetzung von TNFa wurde nicht beeinflußt. Als wirksamste Isoform hat sich die zytosolische erwiesen, die extrazelluläre ist nach Überexpression ohne protektive Wirkung. Die Leberregeneration läßt sich nach Transplantation durch SOD-Überexpression massiv anregen und das Organversagen bei kritischer Leberzellmasse vermeiden. Schlußfolgerung: Diese Studie zeigt erstmals die Wirksamkeit einer neuen Strategie zur Organprotektion fur gesunde Lebern und Fettlebern. Die Eliminierung von Sauerstoffradikalen spielt bei der Pathogenese eine Schlüsselrolle. Der adenoviraler Gentransfer von SOD stellt ein gangbares therapeutisches Verfahren für die Zukunft dar, um auch marginale, verfettete Organe vor reperfusionsbedingtem Versagen zu schützen. Dabei ist die zytosolische SOD am effektivsten. Auch bei der Teilleber-Transplantation ist diese Therapieform erfolgversprechend.Background: Oxygen-derived free radicals play a central role in pathomechanisms of reperfusion injury after organ transplantation, and fatty livers are particularly susceptible. Endogenous radical scavenger systems such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) degrade toxic radicals; however, SOD is degraded rapidly when given exogenously. Therefore, the hypothesis that treatment of the donor liver with an adenoviral vector encoding the Cu/Zn-SOD gene (Ad.SOD1), or the Mn-SOD gene or the ec-SOD gene would lead to permanent gene expression and therefore protect the organ against injury and increase survival in a rat model of liver transplantation including fatty livers was tested. Transplantation of reduced-size livers may lead to a hypermetabolic state and increased production of oxygen radicals. Since oxygen radicals may cause liver injury and impair liver regeneration, we tested the hypothesis that overexpression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in reduced-size livers (RSL) would accelerate regeneration and reduce injury in a rat model of transplantation of RSL. Methods: Donors received chow diet (untreated), high-fat diet, or ethanol-containing high-fat diet. Some donors were infected with Ad-SOD1, while untreated grafts and livers infected with the indicator gene lacZ encoding bacterial b-galactosidase (Ad.lacZ) served as controls. Some livers were harvested 72 hours later, reduced to 45% of weight, and transplanted. After liver transplantation, SOD activity and protein expression in liver, survival, histopathology, release of transaminases, free radical adducts in bile and activation of NF-kB, IkB kinase (IKK), Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and TNFa were evaluated. Moreover, in transplanted split-livers regeneration was evaluated by Brdu-staining, and measurement of cyclinD1 and p21. Results: Approximately 80% of hepatocytes expressed b-galactosidase 72h after injection of Ad-lacZ. Moreover, SOD1 gene expression and activity were increased 3- and 10-fold in the Ad-SOD1 group, respectively. Following transplantation, 20-25% of rats treated with Ad.lacZ survived. In contrast, all SOD1-treated animals survived. Transaminases measured 8h after transplantation in Ad-SOD1 rats were only 40% of those in controls which increased 40-fold above normal values. Approximately 20% of hepatocytes in untreated and Ad.lacZ-infected organs were necrotic 8h after reperfusion, whereas necrosis was nearly undetectable in grafts from rats treated with Ad.SOD1. Free radical adducts were increased 2-fold in the ethanol group compared to untreated controls. Ad.SOD1 blunted this increase and reduced the activation of NF-kB, which was similar in untreated and ethanol-treated groups. Ad.SOD1 did not affect activity of IKK, but JNK activity was blunted. Release of TNFa was not affected. In recipients of Ad.SOD1-RSL survival was dramatically increased (100% vs. 20% in Ad.lacZ-RSL), and peak levels of AST/ALT and bilirubin levels were reduced by 75% and 87.5%, respectively (
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Effect of CsA versus FK 506 on insulin sensitivity and insulin response using a modeling technique.
No full textGlucose tolerance depends on a complex interaction between a variety of different factors,
including peripheral insulin sensitivity (SI), and pancreatic ß-cell
responsiveness in the first phase (F1) and second phase (F2).
These parameters are severely deranged in liver cirrhosis.[1]In order to clarify the
differential impact of Cyclosporin A (CsA) versus Tacrolimus (FK) on these single
factors in liver grafted patients, we
investigated glucose tolerance using a modeling technique
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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