322,959 research outputs found
CIGARETTE-SMOKING AND ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION - A CASE-CONTROL STUDY FROM THE GISSI-2 TRIAL
No full textTo make a further quantitative assessment of the relationship between cigarette smoking and the risk of myocardial infarction, a multicentric case-control study was conducted in Italy between September 1988 and June 1989 within the framework of the GISSI-2 trial. Ninety hospitals in various Italian Regions participated. 916 cases of acute myocardial infarction with no history of ischaemic heart disease and 1106 controls admitted to hospital for acute conditions not related to known or suspected risk factors for ischaemic heart disease were studied. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of myocardial infarction according to various measures of tobacco smoking, were adjusted for identified potential confounding factors using multiple logistic regression. Compared to lifelong non-smokers, the RR was 1.3 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.9) for ex-smokers, 2.0 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.9) for current smokers of less than 15 cigarettes per day, 3.1 (95% CI 2.2 to 4.2) for 15-24 cigarettes per day and 4.9 (95% CI 3.4 to 7.1) for 25 or more cigarettes per day. No trend in risk was evident for the duration, the RR being around 3 for subsequent categories. There was a significant interaction between smoking and age. Below the age 45, smokers of 25 or more cigarettes per day had a 33 times higher risk than nonsmokers, compared to 7.5 at in the age group 45-54, 4.4 between the ages 55-64 and 2.5 at the age of 65 or over. The risk estimates were higher in women (RR for greater than or equal to 25 cigarettes per day = 10.1), in subjects in the lowest cholesterol tertile (RR = 11.9), with no history of diabetes (RR = 6.8), hypertension (RR = 9.5), no family history ischaemic heart disease (RR = 9.1) and low body mass index (RR = 9.3). The importance of smoking is confirmed as a cause of acute myocardial infarction: about 50% of all nonfatal infarctions in this Italian population could be attributable to cigarette smoking. The relative risks for smokers were higher at a younger age, in women and in subjects with a low baseline risk for other risk factors
The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. Normative data for the Italian population
No full textDiffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia. Normative data for the Italian population
No full textValidation of a Low-Thrust Spacecraft Simulator for Earth Observation Missions
No full textThis paper presents the new developments and the validation of the software suite SATSLab (Spacecraft Attitude, Trajectory and Subsystems Laboratory); a low-thrust space mission simulator developed as a collaboration between Alta SpA and the University of Pisa [1]. SATSLab is a fundamental tool for mission analysis and spacecraft subsystem sizing for missions where the usage of electric propulsion systems is envisaged. SATSLab allows for an accurate assessment of orbital trajectory and spacecraft subsystems energy status, fundamental aspects to take into account in the design of missions with small satellites and limited onboard resources. SATSLab has been recently fitted with new functionalities specially aimed at easing the design of advanced Earth observation missions. A new module for ground station visibility and for the computation of link budgets has been integrated. The NRLMSISE-00 atmospheric model has been added for an accurate atmospheric drag computation. SATSLab has been validated by several numeric applications and semi-analytic comparisons. In the paper, a representative Earth-observation mission scenario is presented; highlighting the simulator capability to reveal the non-trivial features of the energy-trajectory interplay
A Regional Microsatellite Constellation with Electric Propulsion in Support of Tuscan Agriculture
No full textThis paper presents the mission design of a microsatellite constellation with electric propulsion to monitor and support the agriculture activities in the Tuscany region. The activity was carried out in collaboration between Alta SpA and University of Pisa. Starting from the user requirements and considering the performance of existing small optical instruments, our analysis has resulted in a constellation based on four microsatellites, each equipped with a different optical instrument (multispectral, hyperspectral and thermal infrared) responding to specific spatial and spectral perfomance. In order to guarantee very frequent revisit, microsatellites are placed in Sun-synchronus Repeating Ground Track (SSRGT) orbits from 358 km to 554 km. Each microsatellite is equipped with a low power Hall effect thruster, to provide orbital maneuvering capability and drag compensation for station keeping. The software suite SATSLab (Spacecraft Attitude, Trajectory and Subsystems LABoratory), suited for Earth Observation missions analysis, has been used to evaluate platform capabilities to compensate atmospheric drag, to perform orbital transfers, and to evaluate the instantaneous balance of energy exchanges onboard due to thruster firing, operation of observation instruments and data transmission
Testosterone-Induced Effects on Lipids and Inflammation
No full textChronic pain has to be considered in all respects a debilitating disease and 10–20% of the world's adult population is affected by this disease. In the most general terms, pain is symptomatic of some form of dysfunction and (often) the resulting inflammatory processes in the body. In the study of pain, great attention has been paid to the possible involvement of gonadal hormones, especially in recent years. In particular, testosterone, the main androgen, is thought to play a beneficial, protective role in the body. Other important elements to be related to pain, inflammation, and hormones are lipids, heterogenic molecules whose altered metabolism is often accompanied by the release of interleukins, and lipid-derived proinflammatory mediators. Here we report data on interactions often not considered in chronic pain mechanisms
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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