16,646 research outputs found
An essay concerning the restoration of primitive Christianity, in a conduct truly pious and religious. By Thomas Beaven.
No full textix, [1], 140 p. ; 17 cm. (8vo)Date of publication supplied by Alden.Edition statement transposed; precedes "By Thomas Beaven." on title page.Error in paging: p. 139 misnumbered 239
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Acute physiological responses of blood flow restriction between high‐intensity interval repetitions in trained cyclists
No full textlood flow restriction (BFR) is increasingly being used to enhance aerobic performance in endurance athletes. This study examined physiological responses to BFR applied in recovery phases within a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) session in trained cyclists. Eleven competitive road cyclists (mean ± SD, age: 28 ± 7 years, body mass: 69 ± 6 kg, peak oxygen uptake: 65 ± 9 mL · kg−1 · min−1) completed two randomised crossover conditions: HIIT with (BFR) and without (CON) BFR applied during recovery phases. HIIT consisted of six 30-s cycling bouts at an intensity equivalent to 85% of maximal 30-s power (523 ± 93 W), interspersed with 4.5-min recovery. BFR (200 mmHg, 12 cm cuff width) was applied for 2-min in the early recovery phase between each interval. Pulmonary gas exchange (V̇O2, V̇CO2, and V̇E), tissue oxygen saturation index (TSI), heart rate (HR), and serum vascular endothelial growth factor concentration (VEGF) were measured. Compared to CON, BFR increased V̇CO2 and V̇E during work bouts (both p 0.05). In early recovery, BFR decreased TSI, V̇O2, V̇CO2, and V̇E (all p 0.8) versus CON, with no change in HR (p > 0.05). In late recovery, when BFR was released, V̇O2, V̇CO2, V̇E, and HR increased, but TSI decreased versus CON (all p 0.8). There was a greater increase in VEGF at 3-h post-exercise in BFR compared to CON (p 0.8). Incorporating BFR into HIIT recovery phases altered physiological responses compared to exercise alone
The politics and economics of regulatory impact assessment
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the link in this record
A ‘fill and draw’ tracer test at the Landgraaf landfill pilot November 2010 to March 2011
No full textFill and draw is a flushing technique that may be used to help remove contaminants from landfilled waste and, in so doing, accelerate the remediation of landfill sites. A simple fill and draw technique involves saturating in situ waste from the bottom up with water and then, normally following a pause, draining the landfill. In this way, soluble and diffusive contaminants can effectively be recovered from the waste mass. Repeating this process will sequentially reduce the masses of contaminants.This report describes a large-scale fill and draw tracer test that was performed in a 25 000 tonne test cell at a landfill in Landgraaf (The Netherlands), which contained a ~2.5 m saturated zone at its base. Hydrogeological tracers were mixed with 800 m3 water and introduced into the basal drainage system of the landfill test cell over a period of 17 days. 69 kg of bromide (in the form of potassium bromide) and 0.56 kg of Rhodamine WT (RWT) were evenly mixed with the water and injected at a constant rate of 2 m3/hour through three slotted drains equally spaced across the base of the test cell. Towards the end of the injection phase, 0.45 kg of Li was also added to the tracer mix to help assess the properties of the test cell’s basal sand layer.After a 3 day pause the injected water and tracer was then pumped from the cell using the same infrastructure that was used to introduce it. The tracer breakthrough data and the analysis of contaminants recovered from the waste during pumping were used to determine a number of important contaminant transport processes.Abstraction of the injected tracer occurred over two periods of constant pumping separated by a 40 day pause. The initial abstraction of 555 m3 over a period of 26 days occurred at an average rate of 0.9 m3/hr. The second 53 day phase removed a further 543 m3 of leachate at an average rate of 0.5 m3/hr. Drainage was from the three basal drains, with flow rates controlled manually. During abstraction, samples were collected from each drain, and from the combined discharge. An inline fluorometer, installed in the discharge, was also used to monitor the tracer return.Leachate heads were measured in fully-screened wells and piezometers with discrete response zones. By the end of injection, the leachate table had been raised by ~2.2 m. The wells and piezometers were also used to collect water samples, before and throughout the tracer test. Average leachate levels at the end of the test were returned to starting conditions (i.e. ~2.5 m saturated depth).Water samples were analysed in the laboratory for a wide range of parameters, including the introduced tracers Br, Li and RWT, and indigenous leachate contaminants including chloride, ammonia, electrical conductivity and dissolved organic carbon. The mass recovery of the bromide was between 61-83%.The concentration of bromide measured in the piezometers with a deeper response zone (i.e. those nearer the base of the test cell), showed a higher peak during injection period than the shallower piezometers. The deeper piezometers also maintained higher concentrations of tracer at the end of the test than those with a shallower response zone. An inverse response was seen in the analysis of indigenous contaminants (including ammonia and chloride). In general, deep piezometers showed a more significant change in concentration than the shallower piezometers.Contaminant transport parameters for the waste were recovered from model fits to the introduced tracers Br and Li, and to indigenous contaminants Cl and NH4. The tracer Li was mainly used to characterise the influence of the basal sand layer.A simple 1D, two-porosity advection diffusion model (DP-Pulse) was used to provide a ‘first approximation’ fit to the data. Both the tracers and the indigenous contaminants fit the model well, suggesting that despite the complexity of the system, a simple conceptualisation is sufficient for estimating bulk contaminant flushing parameters.The results for Br and Cl, return extremely high values of tcb (the characteristic diffusion time of an immobile block of waste), in excess of 500 days. This may indicate that there are either large sections of the waste which are isolated from the flow, or that there are highly-localised preferential flow paths. The recovered values of tcb, indicate that the characteristic dimension of the immobile blocks is at least 20 cm and possibly greater than 60 cm.The block diffusion time for NH4, was two orders of magnitude lower than for the other species, which may indicate that the spatial distribution of ammonia was a lot more varied than Cl.The results of this trial demonstrate the viability of the ‘fill and draw’ concept using the basal leachate drainage system of (hydrogeologically suitability) landfills as a potential accelerated landfill remediation technique. The models that have been developed will form the basis of future design tools. Further work is required to assess the efficiency of this modus operandi versus other landfill flushing techniques
Phase Distribution Efficiency of cm-Scale Ultrasonically Powered Receivers
No full textIn the domain of ultrasonically powered biomedical implants, there is an increasing interest in cm-scale ultrasonic receivers (RX). However, when a single-element transducer is used as the RX transducer, an uneven phase distribution across the RX area can significantly reduce the harvestable power. In this paper, we investigate the impact of lateral and angular misalignment on the acoustic field phase distribution across the RX surface. We show that, for a single-element RX transducer, lateral misalignment has minimal effect on the harvestable power, whereas even small angular misalignments can cause a considerable reduction, especially for larger RX sizes. We present a potential solution that consists of subdividing a large RX transducer (e.g. 20 × 20mm2) into smaller elements, which significantly improves power transfer efficiency by taking advantage of the smaller phase variation across the surface of each element. The trade-offs between achieving a minimum acceptable power transfer efficiency and managing the increased complexity in packaging and matching circuitry are also discussed.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic Components, Technology and MaterialsBio-Electronic
Highly efficient laser-driven Compton gamma-ray source
No full textThe recent advancement of high-intensity lasers has made all-optical Compton scattering become a promising way to produce ultrashort brilliant gamma-rays in an ultra-compact system. However, so far achieved Compton gamma-ray sources are limited by low conversion efficiency and spectral intensity. Here we present a highly efficient gamma photon emitter obtained by irradiating a high-intensity laser pulse on a miniature plasma device consisting of a plasma lens and a plasma mirror. This concept exploits strong spatiotemporal laser-shaping process and high-charge electron acceleration process in the plasma lens, as well as an efficient nonlinear Compton scattering process enabled by the plasma mirror. Our full three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate that in this novel scheme, brilliant gamma-rays with very high conversion efficiency (higher than 10(-2)) and spectral intensity (similar to 10(9) photons/0.1%BW) can be achieved by employing currently available petawatt-class lasers with intensity of 10(21) W cm(-2). Such efficient and intense gamma-ray sources would find applications in wide-ranging areas. ©2019 The Author(s)
CM Periods, CM Regulators, and Hypergeometric Functions, I
No full textWe prove the Gross-Deligne conjecture on CM periods for motives associated with H-2 of certain surfaces fibered over the projective line. Then we prove for the same motives a formula which expresses the K-1-regulators in terms of hypergeometric functions F-3(2), and obtain a new example of non-trivial regulators
Doublet tracer tests to determine the contaminant flushing properties of a municipal solid waste landfill
No full textThis paper describes a programme of research investigating horizontal fluid flow and solute transport through saturated municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill. The purpose is to inform engineering strategies for future contaminant flushing. Solute transport between injection/abstraction well pairs (doublets) is investigated using three tracers over five separate tests at well separations between 5 m and 20 m. Two inorganic tracers (lithium and bromide) were used, plus the fluorescent dye tracer, rhodamine-WT. There was no evidence for persistent preferential horizons or pathways at the inter-well scale. The time for tracer movement to the abstraction wells varied with well spacing as predicted for a homogeneous isotropic continuum. The time for tracer movement to remote observation wells was also as expected. Mobile porosity was estimated as ~ 0.02 (~ 4% of total porosity). Good fits to the tracer breakthrough data were achieved using a dual-porosity model, with immobile regions characterised by block diffusion timescales in the range of about one to ten years. This implies that diffusional exchanges are likely to be very significant for engineering of whole-site contaminant flushing and possibly rate-limiting.Abbreviationsb, Thickness of saturated zone [mg/L]; bb, Half-width of an immobile block [m]; B, Block Geometry Function (Barker, 1985) [−]; cX, Background-corrected concentration at location X (e.g. X = M for monitoring point) [mg/L]; CA, Concentration in abstraction well [mg/L]; Cb, Background concentration [mg/L]; CI, Concentration in injection well [mg/L]; CM, Concentration at the monitoring point [mg/L]; CP, Concentration at any point within the waste (e.g. at an observation well) [mg/L]; CR, Concentration returned to the injection well [mg/L]; CT, Tracer input concentration [mg/L]; D, Spacing between injection and pumping well [m]; Da, Apparent diffusion coefficient [m2/d]; M, Transfer function for transport through return pipework to monitoring point [−]; P, Point in the waste (defined by horizontal coordinates x, y); q, Darcy velocity [m/d]; Q, Pumping (and injection) flow rate [m3/d]; rw, Well radius [mm]; R(s), Transfer function for transport through return pipework to injection well [−]; s, Laplace variable [d− 1]; sd, Slope of ln(concentration) against time in a dilution test [log(mg/L)/d]; t, Time [d]; ta(ψ), Advection time for a streamtube [d]; tA, Time constant of abstraction well [d]; tb, Time for fastest advection of tracer from injection to abstraction well [d]; tcb, Characteristic diffusion time to/from immobile zone [d]; tcf, Characteristic diffusion time to/from mobile zone [d]; tfd, Time of first detection of tracer [d]; tI, Time constant of injection well [d]; tM, Advection time from abstraction well to monitoring point [d]; tP, Advection time from injection well to point P in waste [d]; tR, Return time from abstraction well to injection well [d]; tT, Duration of tracer input for a top-hat input [d]; T(s), Transfer function for transport from tracer injection point to injection well [−]; W(s), Transfer function for transport through waste; z, Distance along a streamtube [m]; α, Dispersivity [m]; αL, Dispersivity per unit distance of travel, α /z [−]; γ, Specific weight [N/m3]; θ, Total volumetric water content (porosity) [−]; θim, Immobile volumetric water content (porosity) [−]; θm, Mobile volumetric water content (porosity) [−]; ψ, Angle from line joining doublet wells to streamline entering abstraction well [radians
Mapping SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM
No full textA SNOMED CT-encoded problem list is required to satisfy the Certification Criteria for Stage 2 “Meaningful Use”. ICD-10-CM has replaced ICD-9-CM as the reimbursement code set in 2015. Having a cross-map from SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM would promote the use of SNOMED CT as the primary problem list terminology, while easing the transition to ICD-10-CM. There is no established principle and methodology on systematically and semantically linking SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM. This research project describes the development of mapping principle, mapping guidelines, mapping tools and mapping methodology for a rule-based crosswalk to support semi-automatic generation of ICD-10-CM codes from SNOMED CT-encoded data. A series of mapping guidelines were developed based on the clinical use case, SNOMED CT modeling convention, and ICD-10-CM classification guidelines. One of the important methodology in developing the map set is using triangulation in generating legacy maps. Using the SNOMED CT to ICD-9-CM map and General Equivalence Mappings sequentially, Indirect Map was generated from SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM for 96.2% of the SNOMED CT concepts within the scope of the study. Another innovation in this crossmapping research is implementation of a principle to handle age specification. The age rule was one type of rule to handle cases in which one SNOMED CT concept can map to different ICD-10-CM codes depending on the age of the patient. The age rule quality assurance (QA) was a mechanism to capture the age specification that can be easily missed by manual mapping. The results showed that the mapping guidelines ensured the mapping consistency, which potentially would reduce the mapping discrepancy between the two independent parallel mapping efforts. It also made it possible that the map set can be used in a meaningful way when data is exchanged. On this triangulation method in generating legacy map, an Indirect Map generated from SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM covered a very high percentage of SNOMED CT concepts. Overall, this Indirect Map had a moderate degree of agreement with the Direct SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM map. However, the indirect synonymy maps have much higher precision and can be used for quality assurance (QA) of the three maps. The age rule QA identified 342 out of 7,277 concepts which potentially required age rules, among these 50.3% turned out to be true positives. Without this QA, a large proportion of age rules in the published Map would have been missed. The outcomes of this research project include a set of mapping principle, mapping guidelines, mapping tools and mapping methodology for a rule-based crosswalk from SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM. All these could be used as a prototype in other cross standard mappings. For example, in the US, ICD-10-PCS officially replaced ICD-9-CM from October 2015 onwards. A project was formulating earlier this year (2015) for the purpose of creating the map from SNOMED CT procedure to ICD-10-PCS. It is a pleasant finding that tooling, principles and guidelines established in SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM mapping can be re-used, with modifications, for the PCS mapping process.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Junchuan X
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