1,721,183 research outputs found
The role of genomic instabilities in affecting treatment responses of colorectal cancer
No full textColorectal cancer is one of the most common tumors worldwide. The knowledge gained on its biology and molecular changes is helping us to choose the best chemotherapeutic treatment. Two different pathways, i.e. the chromosomal and microsatellite instabilities, give the same result but with totally different biological behaviors. In fact, the response to treatment with 5-FU or platinum compounds is dramatically different in both settings. In the future, the use of these compounds should require molecular testing of the specimen prior to treatment. Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Base
Author Correction: Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer in High-Risk Patients: from Molecular Targets to Clinical Trials (Curr Colorectal Cancer Rep, (2017), 13, (192-204), 10.1007/s11888-017-0364-7)
No full textIn the original version of this article, which published in Current Colorectal Cancer Reports, Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2017, the references in both Tables 1 and 2 were captured incorrectly. The tables provided are now correct
Chemoprevention in colorectal neoplasias: what is practical and feasible?
No full textChemoprevention strategies for colorectal cancer have gained increasing attention. Despite contradictory data regarding the use of micronutrients and antioxidant vitamins as chemopreventive tools, the identification of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) upregulation in colorectal adenomas has led to the development of new drugs, named COX-2 inhibitors, that directly target the molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis. Celecoxib, one of the two COX-2 inhibitors available on the market, has been approved for chemoprevention of familial adenomatous polyposis. In the future, we might expect these drugs to be used in the prevention of colon cancer in patients at increased risk, such as those with a positive family history. Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Base
A Two-Phase Approach to Evaluate and Optimize an Interlibrary Loan Service: The Case Study of Provincia di Brescia
No full textWeanalyzethecasestudyofProvinciadiBrescia,anItalianpublicbody managing libraries in the province of Brescia, in Northern Italy. The public body offers an interlibrary loan service organized as follows. Libraries are divided into established groups, each associated with a fixed route. According to a predetermined calendar, each library is visited by a courier a few times a week. The transportation of the items in the network is performed by an external logistics firm, selected through a reverse auction. To assess the current implementation of the service in terms of routing and transportation costs, we propose a two-phase approach based on machine learning and mixed-integer linear programming, and we evaluate it on the data of 2019. Then, we discuss its applicability in reality, and provide a few insights
Barrett's esophagus
No full textBarrett’s esophagus is a precancerous condition associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. A diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus may cause psychological stress with a negative impact on patients’ quality of life. In line with the increasing prevalence of gastro-esophageal reflux disease, the incidence of Barrett’s esophagus has raised dramatically over the last decades, particularly in Europe. Several international guidelines and experts consensus on the diagnosis and management of Barrett’s esophagus have been published over the last years. There are still areas of controversy surrounding the diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus, in particular concerning the histological type of metaplastic epithelium, and treatment modalities, including medical therapy for chemoprevention and endoscopic techniques. The purpose of this review is to examine the current guidelines and recommendations, and report recent evidence from systematic reviews and clinical trials on epidemiology, diagnosis, surveillance and treatment of Barrett’s esophagus
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Gastric cancer prevention strategies: A global perspective
Full text linkGastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide, and mortality rates are still high. Primary preventive strategies, aimed to reduce risk factors and promote protective ones, will lead to a decrease in GC incidence. Helicobacter pylori infection is a well-established carcinogen for GC, and its eradication is recommended as the best strategy for the primary prevention. However, the role of other factors such as lifestyle, diet, and drug use is still under debate in GC carcinogenesis. Unfortunately, most patients with GC are diagnosed at late stages when treatment is often ineffective. Neoplastic transformation of the gastric mucosa is a multistep process, and appropriate diagnosis and management of preneoplastic conditions can reduce GC-related mortality. Several screening strategies in relation to GC incidence have been proposed in order to detect neoplastic lesions at early stages. The efficacy of screening strategies in reducing GC mortality needs to be confirmed. This review provides an overview of current international guidelines and recent literature on primary and secondary prevention strategies for GC
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