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Invasive species in the Mediterranean sea
No full textCilj ovoga rada pojasniti je što su invazivne vrste. Većina invazivnih vrsta dijele određene karakteristike poput brzog razmnožavanja, rasta i razvoja, velikog broja potomaka, kratkog generacijskog perioda te otpornosti i prilagodljivosti na različite uvjete. Te karakteristike im omogućuju rapidno širenje i kolonizaciju novih staništa, često na štetu organizama koji su nativni za ta područja. Natječući se s autohtonim vrstama za hranu i prostor, invazivne vrste polako ali sigurno sudjeluju u odumiranju vrsta i drastičnom smanjenju bioraznolikosti. U radu su navedeni primjeri nekih vrsta koje su postale invazivne u Sredozemnom moru, njihova obilježja i opasnosti koje predstavljaju. Također su spomenute metode kontroliranja, suzbijanja i uklanjanja tih vrsta iz koloniziranih područja. Univerzalna metoda borbe protiv alohtonih vrsta i njihova istrebljenja ne postoji, već se za svaku vrstu ili skupinu vrsta koje dijele određena svojstva koristi najprikladnija metoda. Mediteran je jedinstveno more, danas je njegov živi svijet vrlo ugrožen, između ostalih prijetnji i napredovanjem invazivnih vrsta. Zato je važno da se ovom problemu da prioritet i da se nađu efikasna i sigurna rješenja.This paper tackles the subject of marine invasive species. Many invasive species share a number of common traits and characteristics that help them survive and thrive in a new habitat, often directly damaging the existing populations of native species in the colonized habitat. These traits, such as rapid reproduction, large numbers of offspring and the ability to adapt to a number of environmental conditions give these species an edge over native ones, which often results in diminishing of marine biodiversity, and in some cases even local extinction of certain species that are in direct competition with the invaders. The paper also presents some examples of invasive species that can be found in the Mediterranean Sea, describing their traits and explaining what makes them invasive and therefore dangerous for the environment, and potentially humans. Some methods for control, management and eradication of marine invasive species are also described. It should be noted that no method is universal, and depending of the species' characteristics, the method thought to be most effective is chosen accordingly. Mediterranean is unique enclosed sea and its biota is highly endangered. Invasive species advancement is one of the numerous threats and it is important that this problem should be given priority in order to obtain effective and safe solutions
The expression of ILIB and CXCR4 genes in non-small-cell lung cancer without mutations in EGFR gene
No full textKarcinom pluća najčešći je uzrok smrti povezanih s malignim bolestima. Dijeli se na karcinome
pluća malih i nemalih stanica. U ovom diplomskom radu istražit ću ekspresiju dvaju gena od
interesa, IL1B i CXCR4, koji su važni za imunosni odgovor organizma na razvoj karcinoma
pluća nemalih stanica koje nemaju mutaciju u genu za receptor epidermnog faktora rasta
(EGFR, od eng. epidermal growth factor receptor). Utvrđivanje mutacije u genu EGFR važno
je za liječenje karcinoma pluća nemalih stanica radi određivanja precizne terapije. IL1B kodira
interleukin-1 beta, a CXCR4 C-X-C kemokinski receptor 4. Oba imaju važnu, ali i nedovoljno
istraženu ulogu u imunosnom odgovoru na karcinom. Cilj ovog istraživanja jest utvrditi njihovu
razinu ekspresije u uzorcima karcinoma pluća nemalih stanica bez mutacije u genu EGFR u
odnosu na uzorke karcinoma pluća nemalih stanica s mutacijom u genu EGFR i tako omogućiti
bolje razumijevanje vrste imunosnog odgovora kod ovog entiteta. U tu svrhu izolirao sam RNA
gena od interesa koju sam preveo u cDNA kako bih mogao provesti qPCR. Razinu ekspresije
analizirao sam metodom kvantifikacije ddCt. Rezultati pokazuju povišenu ekspresiju
istraživanih gena u karcinomu pluća nemalih stanica bez mutacije gena EGFR u odnosu na isti
tip karcinoma koji ima mutaciju u tome genu.Lung cancer is the most common malignancy-related cause of death. It can be divided into two
major groups: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In this
thesis, I will analyze the expression of two genes, IL1B and CXCR4 which are important factors
in the immune response in NSCLC without mutations in EGFR gene. Mutations in EGFR gene
are important because based on their presence in the cancer targeted therapy can be applied.
IL1B encodes the protein interleukin-1 beta, and CXCR4 encodes chemokine C-X-C receptor
type 4. Both of these proteins have a significant, but still inadequately explored role in the
immune response against cancer. The aim of this research is to determine the expression of
these two genes in NSCLC without mutations in EGFR gene relative to samples that have the
mutation to further understand the immune response of this cancer subtype. I have isolated the
RNA of the two genes and translated it into cDNA for multiplying via qPCR. I determined the
expression levels using the ddCt method. Expression of the studied genes was elevated in
NSCLC without mutations in EGFR gene relative to the same cancer type that has the mutated
gene
The expression of ILIB and CXCR4 genes in non-small-cell lung cancer without mutations in EGFR gene
No full textKarcinom pluća najčešći je uzrok smrti povezanih s malignim bolestima. Dijeli se na karcinome
pluća malih i nemalih stanica. U ovom diplomskom radu istražit ću ekspresiju dvaju gena od
interesa, IL1B i CXCR4, koji su važni za imunosni odgovor organizma na razvoj karcinoma
pluća nemalih stanica koje nemaju mutaciju u genu za receptor epidermnog faktora rasta
(EGFR, od eng. epidermal growth factor receptor). Utvrđivanje mutacije u genu EGFR važno
je za liječenje karcinoma pluća nemalih stanica radi određivanja precizne terapije. IL1B kodira
interleukin-1 beta, a CXCR4 C-X-C kemokinski receptor 4. Oba imaju važnu, ali i nedovoljno
istraženu ulogu u imunosnom odgovoru na karcinom. Cilj ovog istraživanja jest utvrditi njihovu
razinu ekspresije u uzorcima karcinoma pluća nemalih stanica bez mutacije u genu EGFR u
odnosu na uzorke karcinoma pluća nemalih stanica s mutacijom u genu EGFR i tako omogućiti
bolje razumijevanje vrste imunosnog odgovora kod ovog entiteta. U tu svrhu izolirao sam RNA
gena od interesa koju sam preveo u cDNA kako bih mogao provesti qPCR. Razinu ekspresije
analizirao sam metodom kvantifikacije ddCt. Rezultati pokazuju povišenu ekspresiju
istraživanih gena u karcinomu pluća nemalih stanica bez mutacije gena EGFR u odnosu na isti
tip karcinoma koji ima mutaciju u tome genu.Lung cancer is the most common malignancy-related cause of death. It can be divided into two
major groups: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In this
thesis, I will analyze the expression of two genes, IL1B and CXCR4 which are important factors
in the immune response in NSCLC without mutations in EGFR gene. Mutations in EGFR gene
are important because based on their presence in the cancer targeted therapy can be applied.
IL1B encodes the protein interleukin-1 beta, and CXCR4 encodes chemokine C-X-C receptor
type 4. Both of these proteins have a significant, but still inadequately explored role in the
immune response against cancer. The aim of this research is to determine the expression of
these two genes in NSCLC without mutations in EGFR gene relative to samples that have the
mutation to further understand the immune response of this cancer subtype. I have isolated the
RNA of the two genes and translated it into cDNA for multiplying via qPCR. I determined the
expression levels using the ddCt method. Expression of the studied genes was elevated in
NSCLC without mutations in EGFR gene relative to the same cancer type that has the mutated
gene
The expression of ILIB and CXCR4 genes in non-small-cell lung cancer without mutations in EGFR gene
No full textKarcinom pluća najčešći je uzrok smrti povezanih s malignim bolestima. Dijeli se na karcinome
pluća malih i nemalih stanica. U ovom diplomskom radu istražit ću ekspresiju dvaju gena od
interesa, IL1B i CXCR4, koji su važni za imunosni odgovor organizma na razvoj karcinoma
pluća nemalih stanica koje nemaju mutaciju u genu za receptor epidermnog faktora rasta
(EGFR, od eng. epidermal growth factor receptor). Utvrđivanje mutacije u genu EGFR važno
je za liječenje karcinoma pluća nemalih stanica radi određivanja precizne terapije. IL1B kodira
interleukin-1 beta, a CXCR4 C-X-C kemokinski receptor 4. Oba imaju važnu, ali i nedovoljno
istraženu ulogu u imunosnom odgovoru na karcinom. Cilj ovog istraživanja jest utvrditi njihovu
razinu ekspresije u uzorcima karcinoma pluća nemalih stanica bez mutacije u genu EGFR u
odnosu na uzorke karcinoma pluća nemalih stanica s mutacijom u genu EGFR i tako omogućiti
bolje razumijevanje vrste imunosnog odgovora kod ovog entiteta. U tu svrhu izolirao sam RNA
gena od interesa koju sam preveo u cDNA kako bih mogao provesti qPCR. Razinu ekspresije
analizirao sam metodom kvantifikacije ddCt. Rezultati pokazuju povišenu ekspresiju
istraživanih gena u karcinomu pluća nemalih stanica bez mutacije gena EGFR u odnosu na isti
tip karcinoma koji ima mutaciju u tome genu.Lung cancer is the most common malignancy-related cause of death. It can be divided into two
major groups: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In this
thesis, I will analyze the expression of two genes, IL1B and CXCR4 which are important factors
in the immune response in NSCLC without mutations in EGFR gene. Mutations in EGFR gene
are important because based on their presence in the cancer targeted therapy can be applied.
IL1B encodes the protein interleukin-1 beta, and CXCR4 encodes chemokine C-X-C receptor
type 4. Both of these proteins have a significant, but still inadequately explored role in the
immune response against cancer. The aim of this research is to determine the expression of
these two genes in NSCLC without mutations in EGFR gene relative to samples that have the
mutation to further understand the immune response of this cancer subtype. I have isolated the
RNA of the two genes and translated it into cDNA for multiplying via qPCR. I determined the
expression levels using the ddCt method. Expression of the studied genes was elevated in
NSCLC without mutations in EGFR gene relative to the same cancer type that has the mutated
gene
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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