1,720,988 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Changes in Beer Labels and their Meaning : A Holistic Approach to the Semiosic Process
No full textThe purpose of this study is to find a framework for a holistic approach to, and form a conceptual toolbox for, investigating changes in signs and in their interpretation. Charles S. Peirce s theory of signs in a communicative perspective is taken as a basis for the framework. The concern directing the study is the problem of a missing framework in analysing signs of visual artefacts from a holistic perspective as well as that of the missing conceptual tools.
To discover the possibility of such a holistic approach to semiosic processes and to form a conceptual toolbox the following issues are discussed: i) how the many Objects with two aspects involved in Peirce s definition of sign-action, promote multiple semiosis arising from the same sign by the same Interpretant depending on the domination of the Objects; ii) in which way can the relation of the individual and society or group be made more apparent in the construction of the self since this construction is intertwined with the process of meaning-creation and interpretation; iii) how to account for the fundamental role of emotions in semiosis, and the relation of emotions with the often neglected topic of embodiment; iv) how to take into account the dynamic, mediating and processual nature of sign-action in analysing and understanding the changes in signs and in the interpretation of signs.
An interdisciplinary approach is chosen for this dissertation. Concepts that developed within social psychology, developmental psychology, neurosciences and semiotics, are discussed. The common aspect of the approaches is that they in one way or another concentrate on mediation provided by signs in explaining human activity and cognition. The holistic approach and conceptual toolbox found are employed in a case study. This consists of an analysis of beer brands including a comparison of brands from two different cultures.
It becomes clear that different theories and approaches have mutual affinities and do complement each other. In addition, the affinities in different disciplines somewhat provide credence to the various views. From the combined approach described, it becomes apparent that by the semiosic process, the emerging semiotic self intertwined with the Umwelt, including emotions, can be described. Seeing the interpretation and meaning-making through semiosis allows for the analysis of groups, taking into account the embodied and emotional component. It is concluded that emotions have a crucial role in all human activity, including so-called reflective thinking, and that emotions and embodiment should be consciously taken into account in analysing signs, the interpretation, and in changes of signs and interpretations from both the social and individual level.
The analysis of the beer labels expresses well the intertwined nature of the relationship between signs, individual consumers and society. Many direct influences from society on the label design are found, and also some indirect attitude changes that become apparent from magazines, company reports, etc. In addition, the analysis brings up the issues of the unifying tendency of the visual artefacts of different cultures, but also demonstrates that the visual artefacts are able to hold the local signs and meanings, and sometimes are able to represent the local meanings although the signs have changed in the unifying process.Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on löytää kehys holistiselle mallille ja luoda työkaluja käsitteellistä analyysia varten, jonka avulla voidaan tutkia ja tulkita muutoksia merkeissä ja merkkien tulkinnassa. Charles S. Peircen merkkiteoria kommunikatiivisesta perspektiivistä on otettu tämän teoreettisen kehyksen perustaksi.
Käsittelen neljää seuraavaa kysymystä tutkimuksessani, jotta holistinen lähestymistapa semioottisiin prosesseihin ja käsitteellisten työkalujen luominen olisi mahdollista: i) Kuinka monet Objektit kaksine aspekteineen, jotka kuuluvat Peircen määritelmään merkityksenannosta, voivat edistää monilukuisia semiosiksia samasta merkistä saman tulkitsimen kautta riippuen dominoivasta Objektista? ii) Millä tavoin yksilön ja yhteisön tai ryhmän suhde voidaan tuoda paremmin esille itsen rakentamisessa, koska tämä rakentaminen on kietoutunut merkityksen muodostamisen ja tulkinnan kanssa? iii) Miten voidaan ottaa huomioon emootion fundamentaalinen rooli semiosiksessa ja emootioiden rooli ruumiillistumisen aiheessa, joka on usein laiminlyöty? iv) Miten voidaan ottaa huomioon merkityksenannon dynaaminen, välittävä ja prosessuaalinen luonne, kun analysoidaan merkkien muutoksia, merkkien tulkintaa ja tulkinnan muutoksia?
Tämän tutkimuksen lähestymistavaksi on valittu monitieteellinen tarkastelu. Käsittelen käsitteitä, joita on työstetty sosiaalipsykologiassa, kehityspsykologiassa, neurobiologisissa ja neuropsykologisissa tieteissä sekä semiotiikassa. Yhteistä näiden lähestymistapojen aspekteille on se, että ne tavalla tai toisella keskittyvät merkkien toimimiseen välittävinä elementteinä selostettaessa ihmisen toimintaa ja kognitiota. Holistista lähestymistapaa ja muodostettuja käsitteellisiä työkaluja käytetään analysoimaan yksittäistä tapaustutkimusta. Tapaustutkimus koostuu oluttuotemerkin analyysista, ja kahden eri kulttuurin oluttuotemerkkien vertailusta.
Tutkimuksen mukaan eri teorioilla ja lähestymistavoilla on tiettyjä samankaltaisuuksia, jotka täydentävät toisiaan. Lisäksi samankaltaisuudet eri tieteenalojen välillä antavat uskottavuutta käsitellyille näkökannoille. Holistisen lähestymistavan kautta tulee ilmi, että kehkeytyvä semioottinen itse kietoutuneena Umweltiin sisältäen emootiot, voidaan selostaa semioottisten prosessien kautta. Kun tulkinta ja merkityksien muodostaminen nähdään semiosiksen kautta, mahdollistaa se ryhmien analysoinnin joka ottaa huomioon ruumiillisen ja emotionaalisen aspektin. Voidaan sanoa, että emootioilla on ratkaiseva rooli ihmisen toiminnassa, johon luetaan mukaan nk. syvällisen pohdinnan. Emootiot ja ruumiillistuminen pitäisi ottaa tietoisesti huomioon sekä yhteiskunnallisella että yksilöllisellä tasolla, kun analysoidaan merkkejä, tulkintaa, merkkien muutoksia ja tulkinnan muutoksia.
Olutetikettien analyysi osoitti hyvin yksilön, yhteisön ja merkkien kietoutuneen luonteen. Tutkimuksessa löydettiin monia suoria ja epäsuoria vaikutuksia yhteiskunnasta merkkien muutoksiin ja tulkinnan muutoksiin. Lisäksi analyysi nosti esille eri kulttuurien välillä tapahtuvan visuaalisten elementtien yhtenäistyvän tendenssin, mutta demonstroi myös, että visuaaliset artefaktit voivat säilyttää lokaaleja merkityksiä ja ilmaista joskus näitä merkityksiä, vaikka merkit ovatkin muuttuneet yhtenäistävässä prosessissa.ei saavutettav
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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