20 research outputs found
The representation of male and female identities in selected sources to the Crusades of the Middle Ages
No full textDiese Diplomarbeit behandelt die Darstellung der Geschlechtsidentitäten an ausgewählten Quellen zur Geschichte der Kreuzzüge. Es werden ausschließlich die Kreuzzüge in den Orient 1095 bis ca. 1186 behandelt. Drei Werke wurden ausgewählt: die Historia Hierosolymitanae expeditionis seu Chronicon Hierosolymitanum de bello sacro Alberts von Aachen, die Historia Hierosolymitana Fulchers von Chartres und die Historia rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum des Erzbischofs Wilhelm von Tyrus. Die mittelalterlichen Chronisten kannten keine Geschlechtsidentitäten im modernen Sinn. Um ihre Vorstellungen über solche zu erschließen, ist die Intention eines Werkes wichtig. Besonders in Quellen, die die Menschen belehren und zum richtigen, christlichen Verhalten anhalten sollen, finden sich Angaben über menschliche Verhaltensweisen. Je nach Autor lassen sich deren Vorstellungen von Identität daher mehr oder weniger durch solche Hinweise herausfiltern. Auch Berichte über Körperlichkeit, Sexualität und Ehe ermöglichen Einsichten in ihre Vorstellungen über Geschlechtsidentitäten. Wichtig ist, dass man sich mittelalterlichen Geschlechtsidentitäten, wenn überhaupt, daher nur annähern kann. Den Hauptteil der Arbeit bildet die Untersuchung der drei Quellen hinsichtlich derzeit in der Genderforschung relevanter Fragen, auf die Darstellung der Geschlechtsidentitäten wird besonderer Wert gelegt. Zu beachten ist ferner, dass sämtliche Kreuzzugsberichte von geistlichen Männern verfasst wurden. Über Frauen berichten die Chronisten in verschiedenem Ausmaß. Der Schwerpunkt der Darstellung liegt aber eindeutig bei den männlichen Taten. Frauen spielen eine Nebenrolle. Sie werden besonders bei Berichten über moralische Verfehlungen der Kreuzfahrer erwähnt, sie erscheinen dabei als Auslöser der Unzucht innerhalb des Kreuzfahrerheeres. Manchmal äußern sich die Chronisten auch positiv über sie. Insgesamt sind Frauen immer das Objekt der Darstellung, stets das Gegenüber der Autoren, das Andere.This treatise has the representation of male and female identities in selected sources to the history of the Crusades to the content. It will only treat the medieval Crusades to the East 1095 to approximately 1186. Three sources for this period were selected: Historia Hierosolymitana expeditionis seu Chronicon Hierosolymitanum de bello sacro of Albert of Aix, Historia Hierosolymitana of Fulcher of Chartres and Historia rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum of Archbishop William of Tyre. The medieval historians knew no gender identities in modern sense. For the exploration of their ideas about identities, the intention of the work is important. Especially sources, which teach people to the right, Christian behavior, deliver information about human behavior. Depending to the author their conceptions of identity can be revealed more or less through such evidences about the behavior and the properties, which they assign to the sexes. Also reports from the authors about physicality, sexuality and marriage give insights into their ideas of gender identities. It should be noted that, if at all, it?s only possible to approximate medieval gender identities.The main part of the work is the investigation of the three named sources with regard to within the Gender-Studies relevant issues, the representation of gender identities is of specific value. Note also that all these reports were written by religious crusading men. About women is reported by the chroniclers in varying degrees. General should be noted, however, that the emphasis is clearly placed in the male acts. Women play a subordinate role. The authors report about them, especially in connection with moral failings of the crusaders, they seem particularly as the trigger for adultery within the Crusader army. Sometimes historians speak positively about them. Overall, women are always the object of representation, always the opposite of the authors, the other.vorgelegt von Heimo BauggerAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersZsfassung in engl. SpracheGraz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 201
The representation of male and female identities in selected sources to the Crusades of the Middle Ages
No full textDiese Diplomarbeit behandelt die Darstellung der Geschlechtsidentitäten an ausgewählten Quellen zur Geschichte der Kreuzzüge. Es werden ausschließlich die Kreuzzüge in den Orient 1095 bis ca. 1186 behandelt. Drei Werke wurden ausgewählt: die Historia Hierosolymitanae expeditionis seu Chronicon Hierosolymitanum de bello sacro Alberts von Aachen, die Historia Hierosolymitana Fulchers von Chartres und die Historia rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum des Erzbischofs Wilhelm von Tyrus. Die mittelalterlichen Chronisten kannten keine Geschlechtsidentitäten im modernen Sinn. Um ihre Vorstellungen über solche zu erschließen, ist die Intention eines Werkes wichtig. Besonders in Quellen, die die Menschen belehren und zum richtigen, christlichen Verhalten anhalten sollen, finden sich Angaben über menschliche Verhaltensweisen. Je nach Autor lassen sich deren Vorstellungen von Identität daher mehr oder weniger durch solche Hinweise herausfiltern. Auch Berichte über Körperlichkeit, Sexualität und Ehe ermöglichen Einsichten in ihre Vorstellungen über Geschlechtsidentitäten. Wichtig ist, dass man sich mittelalterlichen Geschlechtsidentitäten, wenn überhaupt, daher nur annähern kann. Den Hauptteil der Arbeit bildet die Untersuchung der drei Quellen hinsichtlich derzeit in der Genderforschung relevanter Fragen, auf die Darstellung der Geschlechtsidentitäten wird besonderer Wert gelegt. Zu beachten ist ferner, dass sämtliche Kreuzzugsberichte von geistlichen Männern verfasst wurden. Über Frauen berichten die Chronisten in verschiedenem Ausmaß. Der Schwerpunkt der Darstellung liegt aber eindeutig bei den männlichen Taten. Frauen spielen eine Nebenrolle. Sie werden besonders bei Berichten über moralische Verfehlungen der Kreuzfahrer erwähnt, sie erscheinen dabei als Auslöser der Unzucht innerhalb des Kreuzfahrerheeres. Manchmal äußern sich die Chronisten auch positiv über sie. Insgesamt sind Frauen immer das Objekt der Darstellung, stets das Gegenüber der Autoren, das Andere.This treatise has the representation of male and female identities in selected sources to the history of the Crusades to the content. It will only treat the medieval Crusades to the East 1095 to approximately 1186. Three sources for this period were selected: Historia Hierosolymitana expeditionis seu Chronicon Hierosolymitanum de bello sacro of Albert of Aix, Historia Hierosolymitana of Fulcher of Chartres and Historia rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum of Archbishop William of Tyre. The medieval historians knew no gender identities in modern sense. For the exploration of their ideas about identities, the intention of the work is important. Especially sources, which teach people to the right, Christian behavior, deliver information about human behavior. Depending to the author their conceptions of identity can be revealed more or less through such evidences about the behavior and the properties, which they assign to the sexes. Also reports from the authors about physicality, sexuality and marriage give insights into their ideas of gender identities. It should be noted that, if at all, it?s only possible to approximate medieval gender identities.The main part of the work is the investigation of the three named sources with regard to within the Gender-Studies relevant issues, the representation of gender identities is of specific value. Note also that all these reports were written by religious crusading men. About women is reported by the chroniclers in varying degrees. General should be noted, however, that the emphasis is clearly placed in the male acts. Women play a subordinate role. The authors report about them, especially in connection with moral failings of the crusaders, they seem particularly as the trigger for adultery within the Crusader army. Sometimes historians speak positively about them. Overall, women are always the object of representation, always the opposite of the authors, the other.vorgelegt von Heimo BauggerAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersZsfassung in engl. SpracheGraz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 201
Two annex buildings to the Basilica Damous-el-Karita in Carthage. A summary of the excavations in 1996 and 1997
No full textThe new excavations of the Basilica Damous-el-Karita of Carthage, conducted by the author, are aimed at a reevaluation of the structures, chronology, function, and significance of such an important pilgrimage complex, based on the study of two annex buildings discovered in 1912 by R.P. Delattre, and firstly identified as a monastery, then a porticus-framed court. This study confirmes the identification of the basilica as Basilica Fausti, of the subterranean rotunda as a martyrium, of the three-aisles assembly hall as a secretarium where concils of the first third of 5th c. were held.La reprise des fouilles de Damous-el-Karita à Carthage, dirigées par l'auteur, a pour but une réévaluation des structures, des périodes de construction, des fonctions et de la signification de cet important sanctuaire de pèlerinage, grâce à l'étude de deux bâtiments annexes découverts en 1912 par le R.P. Delattre, vus d'abord comme un monastère, puis comme une cour à portiques. L'étude confirme l'identification de la basilique à la Basilica Fausti, de la rotonde souterraine à un martyrium, de l'édifice à trois ailes joignant la basilique au martyrium au secretarium où se sont tenus des conciles dans le premier tiers du Ve siècle.Dolenz Heimo. Two annex buildings to the Basilica Damous-el-Karita in Carthage. A summary of the excavations in 1996 and 1997. In: Antiquités africaines, 36,2000. pp. 147-159
Prosessi reliabilismi : oikeutus keinotekoisten episteemisten agenttien kontekstissa
No full textAbstract
Faculty: Faculty of Social Sciences
Degree programme: Master of Philosophy
Study track: Theoretical Philosophy
Author: Heimo Laamanen
Title: Process Reliabilism, Justification in the Context of Artificial Epistemic Agents
Level: Master
Month and year: 06.2021
Number of pages: 84 + 7
Keywords: Epistemology, justification, process reliabilism, artificial epistemic agent,
philosophy of artificial intelligence
Supervisor or supervisors: Markus Lammenranta and Jaakko Hirvelä
Where deposited: Helsinki Unversity Library
Additional information:
Abstract:
The main topic of this thesis is justification for belief in the context of AI--based intelligence software agents. This topic deals with issues belonging to the joint domain of the philosophy of artificial intelligence and epistemology. The objective of this thesis is to discuss a form of process reliabilism for the collaboration environment of human beings and intelligent software agents. The motivation of the study presented in this thesis is due to the ongoing progress of artificial intelligence, robotics, and computer science in general. This progress has already enabled to establish environments in which human beings and intelligent software agents collaborate to provide their users with various information--based services. In the future, we will not be aware of whether a service is offered by human beings, intelligent software agents, or jointly by them. Hence, there are two kinds of information agents, and this gives rise to the following key question: Can an intelligent software agent be also an epistemic agent in a similar way as a human being? In other words, can an intelligent software agent have beliefs, justified beliefs, and more importantly, can it know something? If so, then there is a clear motivation to extend epistemology to include the context of artificial epistemic agents. This, in turn, raises several new questions, such as the following: First, do artificial epistemic agents set any new requirements to epistemological concepts and theories concerning justification? And second, what would be the appropriate theory of justification in the context of artificial epistemic agents?
At first, the reader is provided with necessary background information by discussing the following topics: introductions to epistemology; artificial intelligence; a collaborative environment of human beings and artificial epistemic agents; the concepts of information, proposition, belief, and truth; and scenarios with which main ideas are clarified and tested. Then, this thesis introduces a form of applied epistemology including its aim and some requirements for the theories of justification set by the development and operation of artificial epistemic agents.
Finally, after setting the scene, this thesis explores process reliabilism including main objections and proposes an enhancement to process reliabilism so that it better addresses the context of artificial epistemic agents.
The results are as follows: First, this thesis supports the view that an intelligent software agent can actually be an artificial epistemic agent capable of having beliefs, justified beliefs, and knowledge. Second, there is a clear motivation to extend the domain of epistemology to include artificial epistemic agents. This extension is a form of applied epistemology that has not yet been discussed much in either epistemology or artificial intelligence. Third, this thesis gives reasons for the supposition that the context of artificial epistemic agents sets new requirements to epistemological theories. And finally, this thesis gives motivations to support the idea that a form of process reliabilism called pragmatic process reliabilism could be the appropriate unified theory of justification for belief in the collaborative environment of human epistemic agents and artificial epistemic agents
System analysis of central receiver concepts with high temperature thermal energy storages: Receiver technologies and storage cycles
No full textDiscursive malleability of a global policy model: How conditional cash transfers transcend political boundaries in Chile
No full text<p>In Chile, a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme was established by a left-wing government in 2004 and then re-established by a right-wing coalition in 2014. Despite some revisions and adjustments, Ingreso Ético Familiar maintained the core characteristics of its predecessor Chile Solidario. This reflected a wider trend of CCT adoption by an ideologically diverse group of governments. Against this background, it is obvious that the CCT policy model appeals to political decision-makers on a wide scale, or at least makes it acceptable to them. However, questions remain: how was this model embraced by the ideologically opposing coalitions in Chile? And more broadly: how do CCTs appeal to such a wide range of policymakers? The article explores the argumentation of Chilean Members of Parliament and examines how the ideological and political consensus around these programmes was discursively attained. Through this case, the article also sheds light on how domestic policy dynamics interact with global policy processes. The analysis revealed points of confluence, which serve to illustrate the CCT model’s capacity to convey different meanings to different people – allowing it to be interpreted to fit a variety of different perspectives. I define this quality as discursive malleability and argue that it is an important quality not only in explaining how a policy model can resonate among or appeal to such a wide range of policymakers, but also in the process where a global model is adopted in a country and becomes part of the domestic political debate.</p>Peer reviewe
Can Countries with Severe Labor Market Frictions Gain from Globalization?
No full textThe interaction between increased Southern trade integration (globalization) and labor market frictions is analyzed in a dynamic general-equilibrium North-South nonscale growth model with endogenous Northern innovation and endogenous Southern imitation. The qualitative employment, growth, and relative-wage effects of globalization are shown to depend crucially on the degree of Northern labor market frictions. I demonstrate that only Northern countries with particularly large labor market adjustment costs for both firms and workers benefit from globalization in terms of permanently lower unemployment, temporarily faster growth, and permanently higher wages. This is because of the resulting general-equilibrium feedback effects of Northern labor market frictions that deter Southern imitation incentives. The result does not imply the recommendation to increase Northern labor market rigidities, but it challenges the common belief that labor market flexibility helps Northern countries to better adjust to the "globalization threat" coming from the South. Copyright � 2009 The Author. Journal compilation � 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Pereajalugu internetiajastul: diasporaa-genealoogia ja jätkuv ajalookirjutusprotsess
No full textSince the 1990s there has been a notable increase in family history research and genealogy in many countries. The development and popularity of information and social networking technology has substantially contributed to this boom in family history. Numerous associations, museums, archives, memorials, the media and online projects are actively participating in the collection of family history and migrant memories, to preserve this increasingly transnational heritage for future generations. It has also resulted in a growing interest to search one’s ancestral roots in “the old home country”, to search for family members who have migrated to other parts of the world, or to share one’s own memories of migration with others. In this article the author focuses on Finnish migrants in Australia and their family history activities. Australia as “a nation of migrants“ actively supports its people to engage in family history research and publicly share their experiences of migration with others in many ways as part of its multicultural policy
Does BMI help business to succeed?
No full textThis study investigates if BMI helps business innovation to succeed. We analyzed 27 SME cases having differing combinations of Business Model Innovation (BMI), New Product Development (NPD) and effectuation methods. We also analyzed the drivers and market strategy of the SMEs. We found out that typical SME innovation success cases combine at least two methods of implementation, such as BMI and NPD, and focus on low-end market. Effectuation in combination with the aforementioned seems to play significant role as well.Information and Communication Technolog
Innovative industrial services
No full textDie Globalisierung, Industrialisierung und moderne Informationstechnologien haben über die Jahrzehnte entscheidend zu einer zunehmenden Homogenisierung der Produkte und dem daraus resultierenden Preiskampf beigetragen. Unternehmen sind daher gezwungen, neue Wege zu gehen, um sich von Konkurrenzprodukten differenzieren zu können. Dabei kristallisieren sich Service-Leistungen als ein geeignetes Mittel heraus, weshalb sich viele Produkthersteller immer mehr zu produzierenden Dienstleistern entwickeln. Diese Veränderung führt dazu, dass Innovation, Effizienz und Qualität nicht nur im industriellen, sondern auch im Dienstleistungsbereich zu wettbewerbskritischen Faktoren werden. Als wesentliche Vorteile eines umfassenden Service-Angebots können neben der Differenzierung von der Konkurrenz, die attraktiven Renditen, die in diesem Bereich möglich sind, sowie das hohe Kundenbindungspotential genannt werden. Diese Anreize führen dazu, dass neben der Konkurrenz der Primärprodukthersteller auch Komponentenlieferanten sowie produktunabhängige Dienstleister den Markt betreten. Um auf diesem umkämpften Markt erfolgreich sein zu können, ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung, sich mit innovativen Dienstleistungskonzepten, wie beispielsweise Betreibermodellen und neuen Technologien wie Fernüberwachungs- und Online-Ersatzteilsystemen, von der Konkurrenz abheben zu können. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird als Praxisbeispiel auf den Pumpenhersteller LEWA näher eingegangen, welcher sein Service-Angebot ausbauen und die Umsätze im Ersatzteilgeschäft steigern möchte. Um diesbezüglich einen Businessplan entwickeln zu können, wurden die Ersatzteilverkäufe der letzten Jahre analysiert sowie eine Befragung bezüglich der Zufriedenheit und Anforderungen der Kunden durchgeführt.Globalisation, industrialization and modern information technoglogies have lead to an increase in homogenous products resulting in a high price pressure. The offer of industrial services is a promising possibility for a manufacturer to differentiate from the competitor's products. Innovation, efficiency and quality are important factors for physical products but also for service products. The advantages of a comprehensive service offer are beside the differentiation of the competitors, an attractive rate of return and a high customer loyalty. Those incentives result in component suppliers and service provider trying to enter into the attractive market of industrial services. To be succesful it is extremly important to develope innovative concepts like a "Build-operate-transfer model", tele-service systems or an online-ordering database. As an example, the pump manufacturer LEWA wants to enlarge the service-offer and increase the spare parts sales. Therefor the author carried out a survey about the satisfaction and requirements of the customer and analysed the spare parts sales of the last years
