1,720,959 research outputs found
Interaksi Sosial Komunitas Alawiyyin Di Kota Medan Dalam Bingkai Multietnik, 1905-1962
Get PDFPosisi Indonesia yang menjadi penghubung antara dunia Barat dan
Timur membuat daerah ini menjadi pusat persilangan budaya dari berbagai
daerah. Letaknya sebagai jalur perdagangan internasional juga membuat
daerah ini ramai menjadi pusat perdagangan dunia. Orang Arab menjadi
salah satu suku-bangsa yang datang ke Indonesia untuk berdagang.
Keadaan wilayah yang gersang dan minimnya sumber daya alam,
membuat sektor perdagangan menjadi salah satu mata pencaharian utama
orang Arab. Dari banyak sumber yang kredibel, orang Arab yang datang
ke Indonesia rata-rata berasal dari Hadramaut. Sejak abad ke-18, orang
Hadrami banyak melakukan migrasi ke berbagai daerah yang ada di
Samudera Hindia, salah sataunya Indonesia. Orang Hadrami yang sampai
ke Indonesia, banyak tersebar di Semenanjung Melayu, Sumatera,
Kalimantan, Jawa, dan daerah lainnya.
Salah satu daerah di Indonesia yang memiliki populasi orang Arab ialah
Kota Medan. Semenjak menjadi Ibukota Keresidenan Sumatera Timur
pada tahun 1889, Medan terus bertransformasi menjasi sebuah kota yang
maju. Di awal abad ke-20, di Medan sedang marak penanaman Tembakau
Deli, yang membuat Medan memiliki sebuah daya tarik baru bagi para
pendatang dari berbagai wilayah. Dari berbagai catatan sejarah, orang
Arab sudah masuk ke Medan sejak abad ke-19. Kedatangan orang Arab ke
Medan banyak bermotif untuk mencari kekayaan atau yang dalam pepatah
Arabnya dikenal dengan istilah “Mencari Cincin Nabi Sulaiman.”
Kedatangan orang Arab ke Medan disambut dengan tangan terbuka
oleh etnis-etnis lain yang sudah terlebih dahulu ada di Medan, terutama
etnis Melayu. Dalam perjalanannya, orang Arab, terutama yang berasal
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dari golongan Alawiyyin banyak yang menikah dengan anak para
bangsawan Melayu. Dari pernikahan ini, kemudian banyak lahir orang
Arab peranakan yang ada di Medan. Kemudian, dari beberapa catatan
sejarah, kedatangan orang Arab di Medan banyak mempengaruhi
kehidupan sosial masyarakat Medan, terutama dalam hal; agama,
perdagangan, kesenian, politik, bahkan ikut berjuang dalam proses
kemerdekaan Indonesia. Hadirnya orang Arab menjadikan Medan sebagai
salah kota dengan penduduk paling Majemuk di Indonesia
M-Library : Mengukur intelektual muslim dari kualitas perpustakaan
Get PDFThe writing of this scientific work aims to describe how the development of literacy in Muslim countries and how Islam develops with science and literacy. This paper is motivated by a sense of appreciation for Muslim scientists in the era of the glory of the Islamic dynasty and the desire to recall the advances in Islamic civilization in science, especially literacy as learning for the present generation. In addition, this article discusses how libraries and literacy play a major role and is the key to the development of ancient Islamic glory. This paper also tells how the Islamic library in its history also experienced a dark period. When Muslims were conquered by other nations such as Europeans, Tartars, and Indians many libraries were destroyed and their collections destroyed. The destruction of the library which later became the background of the breakup of the scientific chain, between the golden age of Islam and the era afterwards. It also makes the present reality, which makes Muslims become people who are left behind from other nations, for example, Europe, which is a symbol of intellectual progress in modern times.Keyword: Library, Literacy, Civilization of Islam
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Normativitas dan Historisitas sebagai Cara Pandang dalam Memahami Sejarah Islam
Get PDFAbstract: The study of normative and historical views has become a widely discussed topic among Muslim scholars, particularly in Indonesia. Fazlur Rahman and Amin Abdullah are two key figures in the development of these views, emphasizing the importance of reinterpreting religious teachings in the context of the times to clarify issues of human religiosity. This article aims to discuss the influence of these views in Islamic history and underscore the significance of historical analysis for understanding the diverse Muslim population. The library research method was used to collect, read, record, and analyze sources. The study revealed that many scholars of Islamic history still adopt a normative view, despite the need for a historicity view to comprehend Islamic history based on factual data, given the diverse Muslim population worldwide. With the rapid advancement of technology and science, rigid normative views are increasingly being replaced by flexible historical views, which contextualize events in their era.Abstrak: Pandangan normatif dan historis menjadi topik kajian hangat yang saat ini banyak diperbincangkan oleh para cendekiawan muslim di berbagai negara, termasuk Indonesia. Sosok Fazlur Rahman dan Amin Abdullah menjadi dua tokoh sentral dalam perkembangan kedua pandangan tersebut. Kedua tokoh ini menekankan pentingnya reinterpretasi ajaran agama sesuai dengan konteks zaman, sehingga akan membantu memperjelas persoalan religiositas manusia. Artikel ini berfokus untuk membahas pengaruh pandangan normatif dan kesejarahan dalam sejarah Islam, serta menekankan pentingnya kesejarahan sebagai cara memahami umat Islam yang begitu plural. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan yang penulis gunakan sebagai langkah dalam mengumpulkan sumber-sumber pustaka, membaca, mencatat, dan menganalisis sumber-sumber yang telah diperoleh. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa masih banyak peneliti sejarah, khususnya dalam lingkup sejarah Islam, yang menggunakan pandangan normatif. Padahal, dengan pluralitas umat Islam di seluruh dunia, pandangan historisitas lebih dibutuhkan sebagai cara memahami sejarah Islam sesuai dengan fakta dan data yang ada. Namun dalam perkembangannya di tengah pesatnya kemajuan teknologi dan ilmu pengetahuan, pandangan normatif yang lebih kaku semakin ditinggalkan, dan digantikan oleh pandangan sejarah yang lebih fleksibel dan dapat menjelaskan suatu peristiwa sesuai dengan konteks zamannya
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