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The errors made by the sixth semester students of the English Department of Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University in constructing compound and complex sentences
Get PDFThe mastery of English compound and complex sentences is of a
paramount importance because it can help us to study the basic utterances of
English spoken and written sentences. In addition, compound and complex
sentences can also be used to express ideas that are impossible to express in
one word, one phrase, or even in one simple sentence. In fact, they can be
used to produce the effectiveness and clarity in English oral or written
communication. Thus, the analysis of errors in English compound and
complex sentences can be used as an input for the remedial teaching program.
The present research tries to study three types of compound sentences and
three types of complex sentences with the limitation on twenty five
coordinators and thirty five subordinators being tested.
The problems which were investigated in this study were: 1) the types of
errors made by the students in constructing English compound and complex
sentences, 2) the frequency of occurrence of each type of error made by the
students in constructing compound and complex sentences, and 3) the areas of
difficulties encountered by the students in constructing compound and
complex sentences.
With these problems, the present study had three purposes: 1) to find out
the types of errors made by the students in constructing compound and
complex sentences, 2) to find out the frequency of the occurrence of each type
of error made by the students in constructing compound and complex
sentences, and 3) to describe the areas of difficulties encountered by the
students in constructing compound and complex sentences.
The subjects of this study consisted of 79 sixth semester students of the
English Department who were taking the translation course at Widya
Mandala Surabaya Catholic University. The instrument used to collect the
data was a pencil and paper test on compound and complex sentences in
sentence combining and translation with 25 coordinators and 35
subordinators. This test was administered to the subjects who had finished
their grammar courses.
The study reveals the following findings:
1) The types of errors made by the students in constructing compound and
complex sentences consisted of (1) 11.51 % errors of omission,
(2) 80.93 % errors of misformation, and (3) 7.57 % errors of misorder.
The results further show that in constructing compound and complex
sentences, the students made 40.48 % errors on the average from the test. This
means that the students' qualitative mastery in constructing compound and
complex sentences was fair.
2) With regard to the frequency of occurrence of errors of each coordinator
and subordinator, it can be concluded that:
a) Six coordinators were difficult i.e. (1) correlative conjunctions:
either... or, neither... nor; (2) conjunctive adverbs: however,
otherwise, besides, and likewise
b) Three coordinators are fair, i.e. (1) correlative conjunctions:
both ... and (2) conjunctive adverbs: moreover, then, and
meanwhile
c) Five coordinators are easy, i.e. (1) Coordinate conjunctions: but,
or, for ; (2) Correlative conjunctions: not only ... but also ;
(3) conjunctive adverbs: therefore.
d) Thirteen Subordinators are difficult. i.e. (1) Noun clause: that-request,
what-exclamation; (2) Adverb clause: while, since, before,
after, as soon as, whereas, in order to, unless, only if, whether or
not, and in case.
e) Three Subordinators are fair, i.e. (1) Adjective clause: whose;
(2) Adverb clause: when, and although
f) Nineteen Subordinators are easy, i.e. (1) Noun clause: that-statement,
whether, who, which, what, when, where, how, why,
how-exclamation; (2) Adjective clause: who, whom, which,
when, where, that; (3) Adverb clause: then, because, it:
In terms of each coordinator and subordinator being tested in this study, an
attempt was made to trace back the causes of errors from the areas of
difficulties with the limitation on interlingual and intralingual errors. These
errors were mostly caused by the students' insufficient knowledge of the
target language rules in constructing compound and complex sentences.
Semantically, compound and complex sentences between Indonesian and
English are similar but it did not guarantee the students could master English
compound and complex sentences in general. It implies that those errors
representing the students' language background were due to intralingual errors
rather than interference from Indonesian, as the students' native language
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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