43 research outputs found
The Minangkabau Rabab Pasisia: Music, Performance and Practice in West Sumatra Indonesia
No full textThis study is a detailed examination of the instrument known as rabab Pasisia Selatan and its performance among the Minangkabau, who are the dominant ethnic group in West Sumatra, Indonesia. It is the first study of its kind in English and compliments two unpublished studies on the topic in Bahasa Indonesia.
Although played on an instrument with the appearance of a violin, the music is indigenous to Minangkabau with characteristics shared by other local genres. It is played in a cross-bowed position in the manner of other Indonesian rebab "spiked fiddles" of which there are many variants. Chapter 1.
The formulation of adat (encapsulating both the Minangkabau worldview and specifics of polity) is examined and found to be key to understanding the creativity of the tukang rabab and the context of musical performances. Adat formulation is characteristically oral and based on discussion and consensus, which affords the resulting decision flexibility and local resonance. The high value placed on localisation has been propagated as an ideal in Minangkabau adat and this ethos extends to the creative attitudes of rabab Pasisia performers. Chapter 2.
This study uses a performance-based approach, drawing on the experiences of the author as a pupil and performer of the rabab Pasisia and documentation from professional players. Fieldwork methods, which combine the observation of music and the process of performing, are investigated in Chapter 3.
Players of the rabab Pasisia are professional musicians hired to celebrate important life-cycle events such as weddings and circumcisions. During all-night performances the male rabab Pasisia player accompanies himself singing poetry (pantun) and extended narrative (kaba). A typical ensemble consists of a lead rabab player (responsible for the kaba) and two or three supporting singers, who bebelas pantun (swap poetry) to the accompaniment of a small frame drum. Chapter 4 looks at the events and settings in which the music is performed, including the process of organising a performance, from the moment that the player is hired, through to post-performance.
The dynamics, aesthetics and creative processes involved in rabab Pasisia performance is explored in Chapters 5-8. Approaches to the transmission of both the verbal and musical elements in this totally oral art form are also examined. With regard to the words the creation of pantun (poetry) in performance is examined, as is the development of a full kaba. Examples of four kaba performances have been transcribed in the Minangkabau language and translated into English, with recordings included on the accompanying compact Disks.
With regard to both the words and the music the pervasive aesthetic is one of recreation, as players prefer not to perform the music the same way each time. The repertoire, however, remains recognisable to the audience because of certain performance conventions. The fluidity/fixity of elements in rabab Pasisia performance are explored, with the help of transcriptions and musical example with a focus on the gelitik which are the rapid, repeated motives played on the rabab, the linking together of which creates a melody line
Contemplating the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine introduction in Pakistan: Is now the time?
No full textHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine introduction is anticipated in many countries in the coming years. This Perspective addresses the opportunities and challenges of introducing HPV vaccination in Pakistan. A substantial portion of the population within the high-risk age group necessitates the implementation of a robust vaccination strategy. Advocacy, community mobilization, and stakeholder engagement are the key elements for the successful implementation of the vaccination program. However, for long-term control strategies, a multifaceted approach is recommended. This approach should involve integrating HPV vaccination into the national immunization program, improving access to screening methods, and establishing comprehensive and cost-effective programs for preventing cervical cancer
Impact Assessment of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine in South Asian Slums
No full textLavantauti on maailmanlaajuisesti yksi yleisimmistä bakteeritaudeista, joka aiheuttaa merkittävää sairastavuutta ja kuolleisuutta erityisesti matalan ja keskitulotason maiden alueilla, joissa on puutteelliset sanitaatio-, hygienia- ja puhtaan veden saannin olosuhteet. Lavantauti on akuutti, yleistynyt systeeminen infektio, jonka aiheuttaa gramnegatiivinen bakteeri Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). S. Typhi aiheuttaa infektioita ja kantajuutta vain ihmisissä ja tartunta tapahtuu uloste-suu- reittiä. Maailmanlaajuisesti todetaan vuosittain 12,5–16,3 miljoonaa lavantautitartuntaa, jotka johtavat arviolta 140 000 kuolemaan.
Maailmanlaajuisesti valtaosa, noin kolme neljäsosaa, lavantaudin aiheuttamasta taakasta jakautuu epätasaisesti Etelä-Aasian ja Saharan eteläpuolisen Afrikan kehittyvien maiden kesken. Vaikka parantunut veden saanti, sanitaatio ja hygienia (WASH) voivat merkittävästi vähentää taudin esiintyvyyttä, WASH-toimenpiteitä ei kuitenkaan pystytä toteuttamaan riittävän tehokkaasti kaikilla alueilla taudin hillitsemiseksi. Tämän seurauksena maissa, joissa sanitaatio- ja hygieniainfrastruktuuri on puutteellinen, antibiootit ovat edelleen ensisijainen keino taudin torjunnassa. Lääkeresistenttien kantojen lisääntyminen on kuitenkin johtanut hoidon vaikeutumiseen ja lavantautiin liittyvän kuolleisuuden lisääntymiseen, mikä muistuttaa antibioottiajan ongelmista.
Lavantautiin on useita hyväksyttyjä rokotteita, ja monia rokotteita on kehitteillä. Kirjallisuuskatsauksen avulla selvitettiin puutteita, joita on havaittavissa arvioitaessa, miten lavantautirokotteet vaikuttavat tartuntariskin vähentämiseen maissa, joissa tartuntatautia esiintyy paljon.
Löysimme kolme tutkimusaukkoa, ja niihin vastataksemme muotoilimme kolme tavoitetta. Ensimmäinen tavoite oli tutkia lavantautikonjugaattirokotteen (TCV) tehokkuutta. Toisena tavoitteena oli arvioida uuden TCV-rokotteen hyväksyttävyyttä Etelä-Aasian slummien riskiryhmän lasten vanhempien keskuudessa. Kolmantena tavoitteena oli selvittää lavantautirokotteiden tehoa ja turvallisuutta veriviljelyllä varmistettua S. Typhiä vastaan maissa, joissa lavantauti on endeeminen.
Ensimmäinen tutkimus oli ikäkaltaistettu tapaus-verrokkitutkimus, joka tehtiin joukkorokotuskampanjan jälkeen urbaanissa slummikylässä Karachissa, Pakistanissa. Elokuusta 2019 joulukuuhun 2019 rekisteröitiin 82 lavantautitapausta. Kussakin tapauksessa rekisteröitiin vähintään yksi iän mukainen sairaalakontrolli ja kaksi ikää vastaavaa kontrollia yhteisöstä. TCV-rokotteen iän ja sukupuolen mukaan vakioitu tehokkuus oli 72 % (95 %:n luottamusväli (CI): 34 %, 88 %). Arvioimme myös S. Typhi -infektioon liittyviä tekijöitä tutkimukseen osallistuneiden keskuudessa. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat suuremman todennäköisyyden lavantautiin osallistujilla, jotka ilmoittivat syövänsä kodin ulkopuolelta valmistettuja aterioita vähintään kerran kuukaudessa (vakioitu ristisuhde (aOR): 3,72; 95 % CI: 1,55, 8,94). Tutkimus osoitti myös, että positiivinen TCV-rokotusstatus liittyi merkittävästi vähentyneeseen lavantautiriskiin (aOR: 0,29; 95 % CI: 0,11, 0,72).
Toinen tutkimus oli poikkileikkaustutkimus, joka suoritettiin samassa ympäristössä kuin tapaus-verrokkitutkimus. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli arvioida vanhempien hyväksyntää TCV-rokotteen antamiselle 6 kuukauden ikäisille – 15-vuotiaille lapsille. Kysely tehtiin 8.–18. marraskuuta 2019 WHO:n suosittelemalla nopealla rokotteen kattavuuden arviointimenetelmällä (30 klusteria ja 7 kotitaloutta klusteria kohden), ja tutkimukseen osallistui yhteensä 2325 vanhempaa. TCV-rokotuksen hyväksyttävyyttä arvioitiin käyttämällä paikallisesti validoitua 14-osaista Likertin asteikkoa (vanhempien rokoteasenneasteikko, VAS-asteikko). Pisteiden summa laskettiin siten, että korkeampi pistemäärä VAS-asteikolla merkitsi kielteisiä asenteita ja käsityksiä TCV-rokotteesta. Tutkimustulosten mukaan lapsilla oli suurempi todennäköisyys saada rokote, kun heidän vanhempansa saivat alhaiset pisteet VAS- asteikolla (aOR: 1,30; 95 % CI: 1,02, 1,66). Lisäksi todennäköisyys saada TCV- rokotus oli suurempi lapsilla, joiden vanhemmat olivat tietoisia alueella meneillään olevasta rokotuskampanjasta (aOR: 4,57; 95 % CI: 2,93, 7,12) ja ilmaisivat halukkuutensa rokottaa lapsensa lavantautia vastaan (aOR: 2,54; 95 % CI: 1,82, 3,55).
Kolmas tutkimus oli systemaattinen katsaus ja meta-analyysi, jossa arvioitiin lisensoitujen ja saatavilla olevien lavantautirokotteiden tehoa ja turvallisuutta. Mukana oli 14 satunnaistettua kontrolloitua tutkimusta, jotka oli julkaistu 1. tammikuuta 1986 ja 2. marraskuuta 2023 välisenä aikana. Mukana olevissa kokeissa arvioitiin neljää erilaista rokotetta (Ty21a: 4 koetta; Vi-kapselipolysakkaridi (Vi-PS): 5 koetta; Vi-polysakkaridi, joka on konjugoitu rekombinantti Pseudomonas aeruginosa -eksotoksiini A -rokotteeseen (Vi-rEPA): 1 koe; TCV: 4 koetta; 585 253 osallistujaa). TCV ja Vi-rEPA osoittivat korkeimman tehokkuuden kaksi vuotta immunisoinnin jälkeen. Kahden Vi-rEPA-annoksen yhdistetty vaikuttavuus kaksi vuotta immunisoinnin jälkeen oli 91 % (95 % CI: 88 %, 96 %; 1 koe, 12 008 osallistujaa; kohtalainen varmuus) ja yhden TCV-annoksen yhdistetty vaikuttavuus kaksi vuotta immunisoinnin jälkeen oli 83 % (95 % CI: 77 %, 87 %, 4 koetta, 111 130 osallistujaa; kohtalainen varmuus). Kaikki rokotteet olivat turvallisia, eikä mikään mukana olleista kokeista antanut todisteita merkittävistä sivuvaikutuksista.
Yhteenvetona voidaan todeta, että lavantautirokotteilla on keskeinen rooli taudin leviämisen estämisessä korkean tautitaakan olosuhteissa. Tämän väitöskirjatyön tulokset osoittavat, että TCV on tehokas veriviljelyssä vahvistettua S. Typhiä vastaan korkean riskin ikäryhmissä. Lisäksi vanhemmat hyväksyvät TCV-rokotteen suuremmalla todennäköisyydellä, jos heillä on myönteinen asenne ja käsitys lasten rokottamisesta. Tutkimus tarjoaa kohtalaisen varmuuden siitä, että parenteraaliset lavantautirokotteet ovat tehokkaita S. Typhi -infektiota vastaan endeemisissä lavantautimaissa ja vahvistaa niiden soveltuvuuden lapsille. Kaiken kaikkiaan tämän tutkimuksen tulokset viittaavat siihen, että äskettäin lisensoitu TCV-rokote on tehokas keino saavuttaa merkittävää edistystä lavantautiin liittyvän sairastuvuuden ja kuolleisuuden vähentämisessä.Worldwide, typhoid fever is one of the most common bacterial illnesses, causing substantial morbidity and mortality, primarily in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with poor sanitation, hygiene, and lack of access to safe water. Typhoid is an acute generalized systemic infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). The causative agent is restricted to human hosts and reservoirs, with transmission occurring through the fecal-oral route. Annually, typhoid fever is estimated to cause between 12.5 million and 16.3 million cases globally, resulting in an estimated 140,000 deaths.
At global level, the overwhelming three-quarters of the burden of enteric fever is unevenly distributed among the LMICs of South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. While improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) can radically reduce the incidence of this debilitating disease; nevertheless, WASH interventions are not effectively implemented in LMICs for the control of the disease. Consequently, in countries with poor sanitation and hygiene infrastructure; antibiotics remain the primary weapon to combat the disease. The escalating burden of extensively drug-resistant strains, however, has led to an elevated risk of untreatable infections and increased typhoid-associated mortality rates, reminiscent of the pre-antibiotic era.
Previously, several vaccines have been licensed for typhoid fever control, while many others are in various phases of development or awaiting prequalification. A literature review was conducted to explore the prevailing gaps in assessing the impact of typhoid vaccines in alleviating the infection risk in the high burden countries.
We found three distinct research gaps and corresponding objectives were formulated to bridge these gaps. The first objective was to explore the effectiveness of typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV). The second objective was to assess the acceptance of a new TCV among parents of high-risk age group children in South Asian slums. The third objective was to explore the efficacy and safety of typhoid vaccines against blood culture confirmed Salmonella (S.) Typhi in countries where typhoid is endemic.
The first study was an age-matched case-control study conducted following a mass immunization campaign in an outbreak setting of an urban slum settlement in Karachi, Pakistan. From August 2019 through December 2019, 82 typhoid fever cases were enrolled. For each case, at least one age-matched hospital control and two age-matched community controls were enrolled. The age and sex-adjusted vaccine effectiveness of TCV was found to be 72% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 34%, 88%). We also assessed the factors associated with the risk of S. Typhi infection among the study participants. The results of the study indicated higher odds (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.72; 95% CI: 1.55, 8.94) of culture-confirmed typhoid fever among participants who reported consuming meals prepared outside home at least more than once per month. The study also revealed that a positive vaccination status with TCV (aOR 0·29; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.72) was significantly associated with a decreased risk of typhoid fever.
The second study was a cross-sectional survey conducted in the same study setting as the case-control study, aiming to evaluate parental acceptance of TCV for children aged 6 months to 15 years old. The survey was conducted from 8th to 18th November 2019 using the WHO recommended rapid vaccine coverage assessment technique (30 clusters & 7 households per cluster) and a total of 2325 parents participated in the survey. The acceptability of the TCV vaccination was assessed using a locally validated 14-item Likert scale, the Parental Vaccine Attitudes Scale (VAS). The sum of scores was calculated, with a higher score on the VAS denoting negative attitudes and perceptions regarding TCV, and vice versa. The study revealed that children had higher odds (aOR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.66) of being vaccinated when their parents scored low on the vaccine attitudes scale compared to their counterparts after adjusting for potential confounders. Furthermore, the odds of receiving TCV vaccination were higher among children whose parents were aware of the ongoing vaccination campaign in the area (aOR: 4.57; 95 % CI: 2.93, 7.12) and expressed willingness to get their child vaccinated against typhoid fever (aOR: 2.54; 95 % CI: 1.82, 3.55) at the time of the interview.
The third study was a systematic review and meta-analysis that evaluated the efficacy and safety of licensed and available typhoid vaccines; 14 randomized controlled trials published between January 1, 1986, and November 2, 2023, were included. The included trials assessed four different vaccines (Ty21a: 4 trials; Vi capsular polysaccharide (Vi-PS): 5 trials; Vi polysaccharide conjugated to recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A vaccine (Vi-rEPA): 1 trial; TCV: 4 trials) involving
585253 participants. TCV and Vi-rEPA demonstrated the highest efficacy at 2 years post-immunization. The pooled efficacy of two doses of Vi-rEPA and a single dose of TCV at 2 years post immunization was 91% (95% CI: 88%, 96%; one trial, 12008 participants; moderate certainty) and 83% (95% CI: 77%, 87%; four trials; 111130 participants; I2: 0%; moderate certainty) respectively. All vaccines were safe, and none of the included trials revealed any evidence of major side effects.
In conclusion, typhoid vaccines play a pivotal role in interrupting disease transmission in high burden settings. The results of this thesis indicate that TCV is effective against blood culture confirmed S. Typhi among children of high risk age groups. Moreover, the parental acceptance of TCV is high among parents with positive attitudes and perceptions towards childhood vaccination. The study provides moderate certainty of evidence that parenteral typhoid vaccines are effective against infection with S. Typhi in typhoid endemic countries and reaffirms their suitability for pediatric administration. Overall, the evidence from this study suggests that the newly licensed TCV vaccine is an effective tool to achieve substantial progress in reducing typhoid associated morbidity and mortality
Arab American Women's Writing and September 11: Contrapuntality and associative remembering
No full text[No abstract available]Abdulhadi Rabab, 2005, SHATTERING STEREOTYP, P71; Abdulhadi Rabab, 2005, MIDDLE E LEFT FORUM; Barakat Halim, 1988, VIABLE LEBANON; Beinin J, 2003, SOCIAL TEXT, V21, P125, DOI 10.1215-01642472-21-2_75-125; Brottman Mikita, 2004, FILM TELEVISION 9 11, P163;0
The effect of poling state, surface charge, and frequency of vibration of piezoelectric poly (vinylidene fluoride) films for bone and neural tissue engineering applications
No full textNovel paradigms for tissue engineering recognize the need for active or smart scaffolds in order to properly regenerate specific tissues. Electrical and electromechanical cues are the most relevant in promoting functionality in tissues such as nerve, muscle, and bone, among others. The existence of electrical phenomena within certain tissues may suggest the requirement of such phenomena (ie., electroactivity, piezoelectricity) during tissue regeneration. For instance, it has been shown that electrically charged surfaces can influence different aspects of cell behavior such as growth, adhesion, or morphology of different cell types, including osteoblast, neural, and muscular cells. Therefore, electroactive materials and, in particular, piezoelectric ones, show a strong potential for novel tissue engineering strategies. Piezoelectric materials have an interesting ability to vary surface charge when a mechanical load is applied, without the need for an external power source or connection wires, a feature that can be taken advantage of in novel tissue engineering strategies. Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is a semi-crystalline and biocompatible polymer with the largest piezoelectric response among piezoelectric polymers, mechanical properties appropriate for tissue engineering applications, and excellent electroactive properties such as piezo-, pyro and ferroelectricity. It was hypothesized that by varying vibration frequencies in piezoelectric substrates, attached neuronal cells would respond with varying onsets of growth.
Since nerves innervate both bones and muscles, we further hypothesized that frequencies that promoted neural growth would also promote bone and muscle cell growth. The first aim of this study sought to investigate the effect of oscillating electric fields on a variety of mesenchymal tissues—human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), bone (osteoblasts), and nerve cells by seeding them on poled and unpoled PVDF membranes and vibrating them at 20, 60, and 100 Hz. The results of this study indicated significant increases in osteogenic activity for both osteoblasts and hMSCs when subjected to mechanical vibration and the piezoelectric effect. Metabolic activity assays of hMSCs and osteoblasts verified that proliferation of both cell types was enhanced due to the piezoelectric effect of poled PVDF films but reduced in response to mechanical stimulation alone. Neurite imaging of undifferentiated and differentiated nerve cells revealed increases in neurite growth in response to mechanical and electrical stimulation.
Bone is itself piezoelectric, it follows that bone cells would respond to piezoelectric substrates. Nerves also come into direct contact with bone, thus it follows that the piezoelectric properties of bone also affect nerve cells. Therefore, the second hypothesis is that piezoelectric substrates with a surface charge most mimicking that of bone will promote increased adhesion and proliferation of bone and nerve cells. Thus, on the second aim of this dissertation is to examine the effect of stationary electric fields on a variety of mesenchymal tissues—human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), bone, and nerve cells by seeding them on tissue culture polystyrene and three kinds of PVDF film surfaces: unpoled films with no surface charge, poled films with cells cultured on the positively charged side of the sample, and poled films with cells cultured on the negatively charged side of the sample. The same methods that were used in investigating the effect of oscillating electric fields on cells were employed to observe how the stationary electric field affects cells differentiation and growth and at the same time points. The results showed a more homogeneous distribution of hMSCs and osteoblasts seeded on negatively poled PVDF films, but no osteogenesis. Metabolic activity assays of hMSCs and osteoblasts indicated that the highest number of viable hMSCs resulted on negatively poled PVDF films while the highest number of viable osteoblasts occurred on positively poled PVDF films. Finally, neurite imaging verified that charged piezoelectric PVDF membranes induce neurite outgrowth more than electrically neutral membranes in the absence of electrical stimulation.
The final goal of this study was to fully characterize the dynamics of the loading environment cells were subjected to, which has not been previously reported in PVDF cell studies, and to correlate the measurements to cell fate. Directly measuring PVDF and media displacement permitted calculation of the actual acceleration PVDF and cells were subjected to and illustrated that the cell culture media has a significant impact on the oscillating pressure imparted to the films and thus the piezoelectric output of the PVDF. From these measurements, it was possible to estimate the voltage output of the PVDF films, which for 100 Hz vibrations were in the physiological range of the action potentials that are experienced by excitable cells such as muscle and nerve. These results suggest a cause for the observed change in morphology of hMSCs towards neuronal cells. The results from this study may better define optimal stimulation parameters for desired cell fate and has already resulted in unexpected and new findings not yet reported in the literature.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Rabab Chalab
Konsep Performance Bahasa Minangkabau dalam Novel
No full textThe problem in this study examines the form of performance or reflection of the language system that is on the mind of the speaker in Pinto Anugrah's novel Jemput Terbawa. Performance in a novel deserves to be researched with the aim of knowing the form of the use of speaker language or Pinto Anugrah as an author to convey the intent into a work. Therefore, the purpose of this analysis is to see how the form of performance of pinto anugrah minangkabau language that is influenced by psychology and culture that affects it. The theory used in this study is Simanjuntak (2015). The research method used is the method of listening to or listening to the text and marking the content of the text with a note technique. The data analysis uses the padan method and agih method. All of these forms are based on the opinion of Sudaryanto (1993). The results of this study found that the form of performance in the novel Jemput Terbawa can be seen in several forms, namely the form of dendang, rabab, lusuah, cigak baruak, and rabab jua. AbstrakMasalah dalam penelitian ini mengkaji tentang bentuk performance atau cerminan dari sistem bahasa yang ada pada pikiran penutur dalam novel Jemput Terbawa karya Pinto Anugrah. Performance dalam sebuah novel layak untuk diteliti dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk pemakaian bahasa penutur atau Pinto Anugrah sebagai pengarang untuk menyampaikan maksud ke dalam sebuah karyanya. Oleh karena itu, tujuan analisis ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana bentuk performance bahasa minangkabau Pinto Anugrah yang dipengaruhi oleh psikologi dan kebudayaan yang memengaruhinya. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Simanjuntak (2015). Metode penelitian yang digunakan menggunakan adalah metode simak atau menyimak teks dan menandai isi dari teks dengan teknik catat. Analisis datanya menggunakan metode padan dan metode agih. Semua bentuk ini didasarkan pada pendapat Sudaryanto (1993). Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa bentuk performance dalam novel Jemput Terbawa dapat dilihat dalam beberapa bentuk yakni bentuk dendang, rabab, lusuah, cigak baruak, dan rabab jua
Problem Solving Training Strategy and Its Effect on Nurse Managers' Thinking and Decision Making Styles
No full textAbstract: Nurse managers must have critical thinking and effective problem-solving skills in order to improve the patient care system, make effective decision, and attain the institutional outcomes, and achieve institutional aims. Aim: Assess the effect of implementing a training strategy about problem solving and measuring its’ effect on thinking and decision making styles of nurse managers. Research design: One group pre- test / post- test research design was used to achieve the aim of the current study. Setting: This study was conducted at Nasser General Hospital. This hospital is affiliated to Ministry of Health hospitals at Qalyoubia Governorate, Egypt. Subjects: The study included 50 nurse managers. Tools: Data were collected by two main scales namely; thinking styles scale, and decision-making styles scale. Results: There were significant statistical differences regarding all dimensions of thinking style and total thinking style throughout implementing a strategy stages with elevation in post strategy and follow up than pre strategy. There were significant statistical differences regarding all dimensions of decision-making style and total thinking style throughout implementing a strategy stages with elevation in post strategy and follow up than pre. Conclusion: There were an improvement of nurse managers’ thinking and decision making styles throughout implementing the problem solving training strategy. Recommendations: Conducting a regular workshop for nurse managers about decision making as needed, conduct regular meeting with staff nurses to identify problems early and manage it, and continuous application of needs assessment to recognize nurse manager regarding decision making.
Keywords: Problem Solving, Thinking, Decision Making, Styles, Strategy, Nurse Managers.
Title: Problem Solving Training Strategy and Its Effect on Nurse Managers’ Thinking and Decision Making Styles
Author: Azza Mohamed Abd elkader, Rabab Mahmoud Hassan, Fawzia Mohamed Badran
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
ISSN 2394-7330
Vol. 9, Issue 3, September 2022 - December 2022
Page No: 19-29
Novelty Journals
Website: www.noveltyjournals.com
Published Date: 21-September-2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7100584
Paper Download Link (Source)
https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Problem%20Solving%20Training%20Strategy-21092022-3.pdfInternational Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing, ISSN 2394-7330, Novelty Journals, Website: www.noveltyjournals.co
The Feminist Narrative in the Lebanese War Novel: Hikayat Zahra and Bareed Beirut as a Model
No full textتسعى هذه الدّراسة إلى رصد السّرد النّسويّ في ظلّ الحرب في روايتي حكاية زهرةوبريد بيروت للكاتبة اللّبنانيّة حنان الشّيخ، إذ لعبت الحرب الأهليّة اللّبنانيّة في هاتينالرّوايتين دورًا بارزًا، هدفت الكاتبة من خلاله إلى الكشف عمّا أحدثته هذه الحرب مندمار وتشويه لكلّ ما هو جميل في لبنان. ففي حكاية زهرة، فجّرت هذه الحرب كلّمساوئ المجتمع الذّكوريّ، على مستوى العلاقات الاجتماعيّة والأسرة والأفراد، منخلال شخصيّة زهرة المُستلبة ومرضها النّفسيّ. ثمّ جاءت رواية بريد بيروت لتُعبّرفيها الكاتبة عن المظاهر الأساسيّة لمرحلة ما بعد الاجتياح الإسرائيليّ للبنان، ممّايجعلها استكمالًا لرؤية حكاية زهرة التي تناولت المراحل الأولى للحرب، لتكون هذهالرّواية دليلًا على حتميّة هذه الحرب التي كشفت عيوب المجتمع اللّبنانيّ، ووسيلةللكاتبة لتمرير رسالتها الإنسانيّة الوطنيّة بوجوب التّشبّث بالوطن وعدم هجرته مهماكانت الظّروف ومهما ساءت الأحوال. أمّا على صعيد الشّكل، فقد وجدنا كسرًا للتّتابعالزّمنيّ في الرّوايتين، بحيث تنهض الحبكة على تفكيك الحدث إلى حبكات فرعيّةمتشعّبة ومتداخلة، ممّا يؤكّد انفتاح الكاتبة على أشكال تعبير وأساليب جديدة.This study seeks to review the feminist narrative during the war within thenovels Hikayat Zahra [The Story of Zahra] (1980), and Bareed Beirut [BeirutPost] (1992) authored by the Lebanese writer Hanan al-Shaykh.Given the substantial impact of the Lebanese civil war on these literary works,the author’s intent was to unveil the profound repercussions of this conflictillustrating the devastation and perversion it wrought upon the once aestheticallypleasing landscape of Lebanon.In The Story of Zahra, the war lays bare the inherent flaws within male-dominated societal structures, manifesting in disrupted social dynamics withinfamilies and interpersonal relationships, as reflected through Zahra’s fragmentedidentity and psychological afflictionIn the novel Beirut Post, the author illustrates the fundamental facets of the post-Israeli invasion of Lebanon, providing a comprehensive perspective thatcomplements Zahra’s story, which primarily focuses on the war’s initial phases.By presenting this novel as an inevitability stemming from the war, one thatexposes the imperfections of Lebanese society, the author effectively conveys anational humanitarian message. This message underscores the imperative toremain steadfastly connected to one’s homeland, regardless of prevailingcircumstances and notwithstanding the severity of the conditions at hand.
As for the form, discontinuity was we found in the chronological order in thetwo novels, so it was clear that the plot has dismantle the event into complexand overlapping subplots, which confirms the writer’s openness to new literaryforms and methods
