1,721,014 research outputs found
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Full text linkThe most significant advances in cancer therapy in recent years have involved the development of systemic therapeutics. With improvements in response rates in solid tumors, opportunities have arisen to enhance the effectiveness of surgery. Administration of systemic therapy prior to surgery - neoadjuvant chemotherapy - represents one approach by which clinicians have successfully reduced the extent of surgery and, in some instances, positively impacted on clinical outcomes. This collection of works by expert clinicians from a variety of disciplines represents an exploration of the current knowledge of the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in diverse tumor types
Tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8) expression in tumor and endothelial cells
No full textBibliography: p. 91-109Tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8) is highly expressed in tumor vasculature, but not in other endothelial cells including those involved in normal physiological angiogenesis such as wound healing and corpus luteum formation. It has not been reported whether this is due to some intrinsic characteristic of the tumor endothelium or secondary to tumor microenvironmental factors. Screening of TEM8 levels in various cancer and endothelial cell lines used in this project revealed variable transcript level. Changes in level of expression of TEM8 transcripts in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were examined under the influence of such microenvironmental factors as hypoxia and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the most potent pro-angiogenic agent. While hypoxia dramatically increased the levels of TEM8 in HUVECs, VEGF seemed to do so only moderately. TEM8 mRNA levels were elevated in HUVECs cocultured with some breast cancer cell lines including, Hs578T, MDA MB 468, MDA MB 453s, MDA MB 231 and MDA MB 436. Contrary to that however, HUVECs co-cultured with the breast cancer cell lines, SKBR3, MCF-7 and BT-474 had no significant changes in TEM8 transcription. Induction of TEM8 was due to direct cell-cell contact rather than to secretion of soluble factors by the tumor cells. Interestingly, the TEM8 inducing breast cancer cell lines have a more aggressive phenotype than the non-inducing group. TEM8 may therefore be a marker of aggressiveness in breast cancer. Overexpression of TEM8 in HUVECs led to more rapid endothelial cell growth and, in contrast down-regulating the gene by AdshRNA resulted in reduced cell growth. Together, these data suggest that endothelial cell expression of TEM8 is a function of the tumor microenvironment. Its upregulation in tumor-associated endothelial cells encourages their growth
Tracking tumor immunity in the context of autoimmunity: diabetogenic CD8+T cells provide incomplete protection against spontaneous insulinoma
No full textBibliography: p. 98-117Some pages are in colour
Serum metabolomics: development and validation of a new diagnostic test for pancreatic cancer
No full textBibliography: p. 165-177Includes copy of ethics approval. Original copy with original Partial Copyright Licence.Patent application paperwork with original Partial Copyright Licence
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
