1,151 research outputs found
T.C. Powers, '25, author of the book, "Leakage: The Bleeding of the American Economy"
No full textIncludes letters from the American Society for Testing Material about T.C. PowersBlack and WhitePeople: Powers, T.C
Origins and structure of social and political attitudes: insights from personality system theory and behavioural genetics
No full textPeople differ, often strikingly, in their views on desired social structures and processes.
For example, while some value ethnic diversity in their society, others believe non -indigenous
individuals (whatever that might mean) should be repatriated to their land of origin. Similarly,
whereas some believe religion should play no role in determining social policy, others strongly
advocate the importance of living according to religious scripture, including at a social level.
This variation in attitudes, and its implication for societal cohesion, has made research on the
origins of social and political attitudes of enduring interest to psychologists, sociologists,
political scientists, among many others.The goal of the current thesis was to extend work in this literature in two key ways:
Firstly, I examined whether political attitudes can be understood within a personality system
model. This work addresses previous mixed results on the links of basic personality traits to
political conservatism. In Chapter 3, I test predictions from this model; namely, that direct
influences on political behaviour flow from moral values, with personality mostly acting
indirectly via these moral values, rather than directly affecting political attitudes. Findings from
two studies (published as Lewis & Bates, 2011a) supported these predictions suggesting that the
new model helps explain inconsistencies in previous research attempting to link personality to
political orientation that have not included the intermediary level of values.Secondly, I examined the genetic architecture of social attitudes constructs in three
separate studies. Chapter 4 addressed whether in -group favouritism reflects heritable effects, and,
secondly, whether race -favouritism was accounted for broad or specific genetic effects. Results
indicated that a common biological mechanism exists facilitating generalised favouritism, with
evidence for additional genetic effects specific to each form of group favouritism. These findings
(published as Lewis & Bates, 2010) suggest that (at least) at the genetic level, race favouritism is
multiply determined.In Chapter 5, I examined whether prosocial obligations across the domains of welfare,
work, and civic obligation share a common genetic basis, or reflect specific heritable
components (published as Lewis & Bates, 2011b). In females, results indicated the existence of a
common heritable factor underlying each of these prosocial obligations. In males, a prosocial
factor was also observed; familial effects (genetic and shared -environment effects were
indistinguishable) influenced this general mechanism. At the domain -specific level, modest
genetic effects were observed in females for civic and work obligations, with shared - environment effects influencing welfare obligations. In males, genetic influences were observed
for welfare obligation, with unique -environments affecting work and civic duty.Finally, in Chapter 6, I present work examining the genetic architecture of religious
belief. Although genetic factors are known to influence strength of religious belief, the
psychological mechanism(s) through which this biological influence is manifest are presently
unknown. Two non -theological constructs - 1) need for community integration and 2) need for
existential certainty - were hypothesised to account for the genetic effects on religiosity. The
results supported this hypothesis, with genetic influences on these traits wholly accounting for
the heritable basis of religiosity, suggesting that religion "re- uses" systems involved in meeting
both social and existential needs
Bodily symmetry: origins and lifecourse associations with cognition, personality, and status
No full textSymmetry – measured as the size asymmetry of a group of symmetrical body traits such as
ear height or elbow circumference – has often been used as an index of the capacity to develop normally despite stress and correlates with a wide range of outcomes including
intelligence, health and aspects of behaviour. However, theoretical debate continues over the
underlying causes of these associations and outstanding methodological issues – such as the
reliance on small sample sizes of college age students – makes the robustness of the findings
uncertain. The present work advances the existing empirical literature in six separate
domains. It also improves upon past methodology by using novel methods of digital
measurement of asymmetry as well as for the first time digitally measuring endogenous
asymmetry as indexed by the bones and linking bone asymmetry to intelligence. The research
was conducted on four samples. Numbers given are for participants who provided asymmetry
measures. Firstly, a sample of elderly participants from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921
(LBC1921, n = 216) tested around ages 11, 79, 83, and 87. Secondly, the Science Festival
Sample (SFS), a group of children recruited at a public science event aged between 4 and 15
(n = 856). Thirdly, a group of Orkney residents aged 18 to 86 (the ORCADES, n = 1200).
Fourthly the Berlin Sample (BS), a group of Berlin residents (n = 207) between 20 and 30
years old. In the LBC 1921, men with poorer socioeconomic status in childhood had higher
facial asymmetry in old age (β = -.25, p = .03). While investigating issues related to
asymmetry in the same sample it was found that relatively more severe digit curvature – a
minor physical anomaly – was associated with relatively greater cognitive decline (β = -.19, p
= .02). Within the SFS asymmetry decreased across human childhood (β = -.16, p = .01), and
more asymmetrical children exhibited slower choice reaction times (β = .0.17, p = .002). In
the ORCADES sample, the more asymmetrical participants (as indexed by bone asymmetry)
were less intelligent (β = -.24, p = .01). In the Berlin Sample and the LBC 1921 no consistent
associations were found between personality traits and asymmetry. Collectively, these
findings suggest symmetry functions as a measure of overall well-being as the trend is for
higher asymmetry to be associated with a relatively poorer score on a variety of outcome
measures. The findings considerably expand the number of existing studies in these empirical
areas and in several cases – particularly asymmetry’s association with socioeconomic status
in the elderly and reaction times among children – represent the first work on those areas.
The present work confirms the finding that asymmetry is linked to adverse outcomes.
However, the underlying mechanisms by which symmetry is linked to such outcomes remain
underexplored and require clarification
Bassett, George A. (Birth, 1881-12-03)
No full textAddress: Mt. Auburn7826/Pg. 30/1881/F W/Amer/Amer/Dr. T.C. BradfordOriginal record filed in drawer labeled 'BARRETT-BATES'
Controversies in the management of acute tonsillitis: an evidence-based review
No full textBACKGROUND: Patients admitted with acute tonsillitis generate a substantial workload for the National Health Service (NHS), placing huge financial pressures on an already overstretched budget.OBJECTIVE OF REVIEW: Due to the difficulty of accurate diagnosis and varying practices across the UK, there exist a number of controversial areas and non-standardised practice. These will be highlighted and tackled within this article.TYPE OF REVIEW AND SEARCH STRATEGY: A literature review, last performed in September 2013, searched PubMed citing variations on the areas of controversies with 'tonsillitis', 'pharyngitis' and 'pharyngotonsillitis' - from 1956 to present with language restrictions. Excluded articles included those regarding sore throat after tonsillectomy and peritonsillar abscess.EVALUATION METHOD: Titles and abstracts were initially screened, and full text of potentially relevant articles obtained. The bibliographies of articles were searched for relevant references. The references were then compiled and reviewed independently by two authors (JB & TB), overseen by the senior author (EK).RESULTS: (i) Diagnosis and investigation: Use of the Centor criteria is inadequate within the secondary care setting. Blood testing is unnecessary in the majority of cases where patients do not require admission, as they are unlikely to change management. (ii) Antibiotics: Antibiotics are likely to be indicated in all those presenting to secondary ENT care, with penicillin being the antibiotic of choice for first-line therapy. (iii) Corticosteroids: Moderate evidence supports the benefit of steroid administration in this patient cohort, advocating a single dose initially followed by reassessment. (iv) Analgesia: Paracetamol and NSAIDs have good evidence of action. Codeine should be used with caution in the paediatric population. (v) Reduced admission rates and early discharge: There is evidence suggesting that a trial of medical therapy prior to admission is beneficial in reducing rates of admission and length of stay.CONCLUSIONS: Management of acute tonsillitis within a secondary care setting largely consists of anecdotal or relatively low-quality evidence. Thus, much evidence from management comes from expert opinion or practice within a primary care setting. Management across the UK can also vary greatly. An evidence-based review of best practice has been presented here, but further evidence will be required in the future examining the significance of corticosteroids and antibiotic administration in this patient cohort specifically, ensuring practice is evidence based and clinically relevant.</p
Social and economic change in the south east Northumberland coalfield from the early 18th century
No full textThe subject of this thesis is social and economic change in the south-east Northumberland coalfield. A historical perspective is taken and class formation is examined from the early 18th century. During this early period the working class develops separately but under the rule of capital. Despite resistance the working class is contained and absorbed into the institutions of capital. In the inter-war period capital pursues a policy of reaction before elaborating new policies and setting up regional development organisations incorporating significant trade unionists and labour party members. While Nationalization was at first resisted the eventual' Nationalization of coal provided a way of restructuring the coal industry in the interests of capital in general. In the immediate post second world war years the policy of the N.C.B., underlined in various planning documents, was to retain labour in the coalfields. However, the modernisation of the pits led to local job losses resulting in the development of Cramlington New Town in order to diversity the areas economy. I therefore evaluate the New Town's objectives and conclude that they have been met to only a limited extent. The town relying upon branch plants to sustain its manufacturing base. An analysis of the New Town in the 1980's showing a polarisation between central workers and a reserve surplus with both populations located in separate localities. The contraction of the economic base in Blyth Valley differentially effecting these core and peripheral workers. Lastly, the development of Cramlington can also be seen, as class restructuring and I then go to the consider the relationship between housing, class and party vote
(13(3):51-56)酸桔葉片殊形潰瘍病斑之利用
No full textCitrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri (Hasse) Dowson is normally charac-terized by corky, hard, and somewhat suberized lesions surrounded by a yellowish halo on the infected leaves of susceptible varieties. If the canker lesion has developed quickly under extremely favorable conditions, the white spongy tissue will excruded in some degree, and accumulated on the lesions. This special canker lesions with spongy eruption of tissue will be found, sometime, when artificial inoculation was made by overstaying the inoculated plant in pot (Fig. 4) in the inoculation chamber for three or four days after inoculation. It is also easy to induce special lesions by keeping the leaves of susceptible varieties in such a semi-vivo condition as in the moistened Petri-dish (Fig. 3) placed in the incubator for five or six days after inoculation.
The present author was deeply interested in the formation of this special lesion and had made his attempt to utilize them for several purposes, such as screen test for canker-control bactericides, identrfication of newly isolated canker organism, and determination of resistance of citrus varieties to the disease. The present report was made in deal with utilization of this inoculation technique for testing inhibiting effectiveness of the bactericides on the fomation of canker lesion.
柑桔類潰瘍病於極度適宜之環境下所發生之病斑，因罹病組識之海棉細胞受病原菌之刺激致呈畸形膨大，多量溢出，而形成白色隆起之明顯殊形病斑，此種殊形病斑頗易由人工接種而顯現。將酸桔半成熟葉片採下，以自來水沖洗後以解剖針輕刺一定數目之傷痍，浸漬於病原菌懸浮液，使葉面餘液陰乾後排放於潮濕培養皿之玻璃支架上，置28℃定溫箱培養六天，即可於傷痍部位呈現明顯之殊形潰瘍病斑。
筆者以此病斑形成之明顯與容易，乃探測其利用價值。本試驗以五種抗生製劑供作傷痍葉片人工接種後作藥劑侵漬處理，以葉片病斑發生數目，測定供試藥劑對病原菌之抑制或殺減效力。據試驗結果，病斑之發生與藥劑濃度具有規律之相關關係。筆者認為此法於藥劑試驗之初步選定上，為一簡便而可行之方法
Program Subcommittee
No full textProgram Subcommittee organized to perform youth, business & industry needs assessment for proposed college. From L2R: Mrs. Douglas Hewitt, Mrs. Keith Foster, Mrs. Jerome Bates (Livonia), Mrs. William Devoe, Mrs. Ernest Grimm, Mrs. Walter Ream (Redford), Mrs. Richard Stevens (Clarenceville), Mrs. Margaret Oldenburg, Mrs. Evelyn Monroe (Garden City). Standing: Mrs. A.J. Sansome, Mrs. H.G. Weber, Mrs. T.C. McArthur, Mrs. Douglas Mueller (Redford), Charles Barnett (Chairman, Redford
Smart Redundancy Schemes for ANNs against Fault Attacks
No full textArtificial neural networks (ANNs) are used to accomplish a variety of tasks, including safety critical ones. Hence, it is important to protect them against faults that can influence decisions during operation. In this paper, we propose smart and low-cost redundancy schemes that protect the most vulnerable ANN parts against fault attacks. Experimental results show that the two proposed smart schemes perform similarly to dual modular redundancy (DMR) at a much lower cost, generally improve on the state of the art, and reach protection levels in the range of 93% to 99%.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Computer EngineeringQuantum & Computer Engineerin
A bibliometric analysis of the performance of Water Research
No full text[[abstract]]This paper presents a detailed chronological survey of papers published in the journal titled Water Research which started publication since 1967. This current investigation reviews publication patterns between 1967 and 2008. An analysis of the research performance according to publication output, distribution of words in article title, author keywords, and keywords plus. Performances of countries, institutes, and authors, including total, single, collaborative, first author, and corresponding author publications were analyzed. The most-frequently cited articles each year and the articles of the highest impact in 2008 were also reported. Results showed that ‘‘activated sludge’’ was the most frequently used author keyword, followed by ‘‘adsorption,’’ and ‘‘drinking water.’’ Authors from 114 different countries/territories published in the journal, with the most articles submitted by authors from the USA
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