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Tradycja a nowoczesność w sardyńskim filmie „Assandira” (2020) w reżyserii Salvatore Mereu
No full textThe subject of the research presented in the following article is the film Assandira (2020), directed by Salvatore Mereu, one of the representatives of the New Sardinian Cinema. The aim of this analysis is to attempt to identify elements in the film that strongly reflect the regional identity of the Sardinians, as well as elements of modernity in the narrative threads chosen by the director. Does the confrontation between the Sardinian protagonists and characters from different cultures in the film emphasize their distinctiveness? In many Sardinian films, there is a tendency to stereotype Sardinian pastoral culture, with the protagonists often being elderly Sardinian shepherds and farmers who live according to the laws of nature. This is also the case in Assandira, but the film deviates from the well-established narrative clichés that dominated traditional Sardinian cinema
Sardynia – wyspa kontrastów. Rola pejzażu w wybranych filmach kinematografii włoskiej
No full textThe local landscape is an important element of Sardinian cinema. It does not matter whether the directors opt for a mountainous or coastal landscape, it represents a type of expression that Sardinian cinema reproduces and incorporates into its system of denunciation. The cinematic landscape has an essential function here; without it, the stories told would not be as credible. Despite the fact that we are talking about an insular landscape, in Sardinian cinema, it is difficult to speak of the Mediterranean landscape acting as a mere decoration. On the contrary, the cinematic landscape in the analyzed films plays an important role, becoming an inseparable background for the actions of the characters. And although in many films by Italian (but not Sardinian) directors it is an imaginary landscape, the Sardinian landscape certainly creates the right ambience for the stories being told. Sardinian directors, on the other hand, try to deconstruct the stereotypical images of the island by introducing, for example, different types of cinematic landscapes (mountainous, coastal, agricultural-pastoral or mixed), which are contemporary signs of their regional identity. In films shot in Sardinia up until the 1980s, the island was usually depicted through the usual stereotypical clichés, with nuraghes and centuries-old vegetation, a land where time seemed to stand still. The wilderness was well suited to being transformed into a Wild West (Far West Sardo) inhabited by shepherds, outlaws, fishermen and women in black. It was not until the 1990s, with the emergence of a new group of directors born and raised in Sardinia, that cinema sought to overturn these simplistic mental images and a whole new chapter in the cinema history of this small Italian region began.
Lokalny krajobraz stanowi ważny element kina sardyńskiego. Bez względu na to, czy reżyserzy decydują się na pejzaż górski czy nadmorski, stanowi on rodzaj ekspresji, którą kino sardyńskie reprodukuje i wciela w swój system wypowiedzenia. Pejzaż filmowy pełni tu funkcję zasadniczą, bez niego opowiadane historie nie byłyby tak wiarygodne. Mimo że mowa o pejzażu wyspiarskim, trudno mówić w kinie sardyńskim o pejzażu śródziemnomorskim pełniącym rolę dekoracji. Wręcz przeciwnie, krajobraz filmowy w analizowanych filmach odgrywa istotną rolę, stając się nierozerwalnym tłem działań bohaterów. I choć w wielu filmach reżyserów włoskich (lecz nie sardyńskich) jest to pejzaż wyobrażony, to z pewnością pejzaż sardyński wytwarza odpowiedni nastrój dla opowiadanych historii. Reżyserzy sardyńscy starają się dekonstruować stereotypowe wyobrażenia o wyspie, wprowadzając chociażby różne typy pejzaży filmowych (górski, nadmorski, rolniczo-pasterski lub mieszany), stanowiące współczesne znaki ich tożsamości regionalnej. W filmach kręconych na Sardynii do lat 80., wyspa była zwykle przedstawiana przez utarte stereotypowe klisze, z nuragami i wielowiekową roślinnością – była krainą, w której czas zdawał się stać w miejscu. Dzika natura dobrze nadawała się do przekształcenia w Dziki Zachód (Far West Sardo) zamieszkany przez pasterzy, bandytów, rybaków i kobiety w czerni. Dopiero w latach 90., wraz z pojawieniem się nowej grupy reżyserów urodzonych i wychowanych na Sardynii, kino starało się obalać te uproszczone obrazy myślowe i rozpoczął się zupełnie nowy rozdział w historii kina tego małego włoskiego regionu
Mario Monicelli’s Proibito Based on Grazia Deledda’s La madre: A Case Study of the ‘Deleddian Western’
No full textIn the 1950s, films inspired by the work of Grazia Deledda and, at the same time, by the western genre appeared. Called ‘the Deleddian westerns,’ they typically featured the conquest of a wild environment, submission to the laws of nature, the primacy of local unwritten customary laws over the official law of the state (bound up with the frequent motif of justice), and stories of outlaws from the early 20th century. In the article, we analyse Mario Monicelli’s film Proibito (1954; Forbidden), inspired by Deledda’s novel La madre (1919; The Mother). Thematising justice, Proibito is a story of bandits and a priest who must intervene for the sake of peace and the good of the community. The film’s plot transports viewers to the non-existent Sardinian Far West and goes beyond the concerns of Deledda’s novel. Though coming closer to American cinema and the western film model of the time, Forbidden went down in the history of Sardinian cinema for its realistic and non-invasive portrayals of Sardinia’s iconic symbols, such as nuraghes, village churches, costumes, and local festivals. In this article, we compare the novel and the film to conclude that the two substantially differ in their renderings of the character of the mother and her relationship with her son, his inner conflict, religion, and superstition. All these aspects are absent or marginalised in the film.Negli anni Cinquanta, sono apparsi film ispirati all’opera di Grazia Deledda, con elementi caratteristici del genere western. Tale genere è chiamato “western deleddiano” e presenta la conquista di un ambiente selvaggio, la sottomissione alle leggi della natura, e la supremazia della legge consuetudinaria locale rispetto alla legge dello Stato (legato al ricorrente motivo della giustizia) e storie di banditi del primo Novecento. Nell’articolo si analizza il film Proibito (1954) di Mario Monicelli, ispirato al romanzo La madre (1919) di Grazia Deledda. Tematizzando l’argomento della giustizia, Proibito è una storia di banditi e di un prete che deve intervenire in nome della pace, per il bene della comunità. La trama del film trasporta lo spettatore nell’“inesistente” Far West sardo andando però ben oltre le preoccupazioni del romanzo di Deledda, nel quale tutto ruota attorno alla figura della madre e al suo rapporto col figlio, al dissidio interiore di quest’ultimo (tra passione per Agnese e i suoi doveri da religioso), nonché alla presenza della religione e della superstizione. Pur avvicinandosi al cinema americano e al modello cinematografico occidentale dell’epoca, Proibito è passato alla storia del cinema sardo per la rappresentazione realistica e non invasiva dei simboli della Sardegna, come i nuraghi, le chiese di paese, i costumi e le feste locali. In questo articolo, confrontiamo il romanzo e il film per concludere che le due opere differiscono sostanzialmente nell’interpretazione del personaggio della madre e del suo rapporto con il figlio, del suo conflitto interiore, della religione e della superstizione. Tutti questi aspetti sono assenti o marginalizzati nel film
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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