24 research outputs found
The Early Years Professional: holding a mirror up to policy makers
No full textThe importance of the early years for later life outcomes is increasingly being recognised. The former Labour Government, 1997-2010, in England introduced a raft of policies aimed at raising the quality of early years provision and outcomes for the youngest children. As part of the changes a new graduate professional role and status, the Early Years Professional, was introduced evidencing a new era ofinvolvement by policy makers in the professions. Government involvement in imposing and shaping the development makes the Early Years Professional vulnerable to political change; it was developed by government and could be removed. Indeed, political change in 2010 brought considerable uncertainty about whether the Coalition Government would continue to support the development, though they have now provided funding until 2015. Alongside this uncertainty, commissioned research evidence is emerging of the positive impact of the policy agenda of the former government. A situation that has not been formally recognised, rather it appears to have gone unnoticed by policy makers. Indeed, the current government have taken a range of actions to dismantle changes previously made and there is an emerging discourse reframing the early years as a period that supports the youngest children being 'prepared’ for education. This chapter aims to address the challenges of this change of emphasis by drawing upon doctoral research critiquing the concept, implementation and impact of Early Years Professional Status as a new professional model. The research design was underpinned by Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Theory of Human Development,
and rather than being a linear development it has been impacted upon at every stage of development by instability in wider systems, therefore providing evidence that supports his under theorised ‘Chaotic System’ and that childhood is not only a development phase but one shaped by political ideology
Criminals in Our Land! Border Movement and Apprehension of Children from Bangladesh Within the Juvenile Justice System in India
No full textBeing "children" in India : constructions of childhood and deviance in a postcolonial context: a study on reported cases of sexual offence within the Indian Juvenile Justice System
No full textChildhood is idealised as an epitome of innocence. Deviance on the other hand determines transgression. Such a perception of deviance also establishes predominant ideas and practices of childhood through activities like education and play. Experiences like labour, sex, marriage or crime therefore demarcate deviance in terms of absence of childhood, through an absence of activities like schooling, play and hence of innocence. This portrays deviance as a binary opposition in terms of non-childhood. Such a portrayal also highlights deviance as a pathologised social condition related to marginality, poverty and lack of education. Reported incidents of sexual offences within the Indian juvenile justice system highlight prerogatives of restorative juvenile justice and child protection by the legal mechanism. This foregrounds the role of the parens patriae state along with the predominant notion of child protection. What such a notion means for the discourse of childhood remains to be interrogated. In this regard, the postcolonial context of India remains especially significant in bringing forth the realities of privileged and marginal childhoods. Sexual engagements and marriage alliances of young people from marginal social positions in Indian society provides multiple contentions of introspection. It highlights the complexity of marriage, sex, and sexuality in relation to childhoods within Indian society. It establishes the embeddeness of childhood wtihin the intersections of class, caste, gender, religion and ethnicity in Indian society. The present study aims to highlight the dialectical relationship between Childhood and Deviance. This negates the relation of binary opposition between childhood and deviance. Such a negation calls for an onto-epistemological reformulation of childhood. It highlights childhood and deviance as conceptual categories which are laid out for a postcolonial treatment. In this respect, law comprises as an important spatial domain which influences constructions of childhood and deviance. An ethnographic engagement with reported cases of sexual offences within the Indian juvenile justice system highlights sexual and marital relations among young people (legal minors) in terms of sexual citizenship beyond a modernist developmental paradigm. This stance provides a critic of the present legal provisions which misrecognises such engagements thereby resulting in eventual criminalisation of boys and victimisation of girls in most cases. In this respect, the present study interrogates operationalisation of restorative juvenile justice and child protection within the Indian juvenile justice system as a measure to expand the normative ethics of modern childhood. In this respect, the role of education in terms of compulsory schooling comes forth as a drive towards the expansion of such a normative ethic. It demarcates education itself as an indicator of childhood. Such an interconnectedness between education and childhood furthers a developmental idea of childhood and deviance. It lays forth the paramount importance of education towards the determination and distinction of childhood and deviance. What this connotes for the discourse of childhood therefore remains a matter of introspection within the scope of the present study.Kindheit wird als der Inbegriff von Unschuld idealisiert. Demgegenüber markiert abweichendes Verhalten einen Verstoß gegen diese Unschuld. So ein Konzept von abweichendem Verhalten bestätigt vorherrschende Ideen und Praktiken von Kindheit als geprägt von Erziehung und Spiel. Erfahrungen wie Arbeit, Sex, Heirat oder Verbrechen bestimmen deswegen abweichendes Verhalten als Abwesenheit von Kindheit. Somit wird im Rahmen einer binären Entgegensetzung Abweichung als Nicht-Kindheit beschrieben. Schilderungen von sexuellen Straftaten innerhalb des indischen Jugendstrafvollzugs heben den Vorrang des opferorientierten Jugendstrafrechtes und des Kinderschutzes durch legale Mechanismen hervor. Dies stellt die Rolle des Staats als parens patriae zusammen mit der vorherrschenden Idee des Kinderschutzes in den Vordergrund. Was so eine Idee für den Diskurs von Kindheit bedeutet, ist zu hinterfragen. Der postkoloniale Kontext Indiens bleibt diesbezüglich besonders wichtig, indem er die Realitäten privilegierter und marginaler Kindheit hervorbringt. Sexuelle Betätigungen und Heiratsallianzen junger Leute an den sozialen Rändern der indischen Gesellschaft liefern eine Vielzahl an Belegen zur Untersuchung. Sie heben die Komplexität von Heirat, Sex und Sexualität in Bezug auf „Kindheiten“ in der indischen Gesellschaft hervor. Dies stellt auch die Überschneidungen von Klasse, Kaste, Gender, Religion und Ethnizität in den Vordergrund, innerhalb deren Kindheit in der indischen Gesellschaft eingebettet ist. Die gegenwärtige Studie zielt darauf ab, die dialektische Beziehung zwischen Kindheit und abweichendem Verhalten zu beleuchten. Sie negiert damit den Gegensatz von Kindheit und abweichendem Verhalten und fordert so eine onto-epistemologische Neuformulierung von Kindheit. Sie hebt Kindheit und abweichendes Verhalten als konzeptionelle Kategorien hervor, die für eine postkoloniale Analyse ausgelegt sind. In dieser Beziehung umfasst das Recht eine wichtige Domäne, die die Konstruktionen von Kindheit und abweichendem Verhalten beeinflusst. Die ethnographische Beschäftigung mit Fallbeispielen von sexuellen Verstößen innerhalb des indischen Jugendstrafrechtssystems hebt die sexuellen und Heiratsbeziehungen zwischen (minderjährigen) Kindern hinsichtlich eines sexuellen Bürgerrechts jenseits eines modernistischen Entwicklungsparadigmas hervor. Dieser Ansatz ermöglicht eine Kritik der gegenwärtigen Rechtsvorschriften, die das nicht anerkennen, was wiederum zu einer tatsächlichen Kriminalisierung von Jungen und der Betrachtung von Mädchen als Opfer in den meisten Fällen führt. In dieser Hinsicht hinterfragt die Studie die Durchführung des opferorientierten Jugendstrafrechts und des Kinderschutzes innerhalb des indischen Jugendstrafrechtssystems als ein Mittel, um die normative Ethik einer modernen Kindheit durch einen staatlichen parens patriae-Mechanismus zu erweitern. Dabei zeigt sich die hervorstechende Rolle der Erziehung in der Definition von Kindheit und folglich auch devianten Verhaltens. Was das für den Diskurs von Kindheit bedeutet, steht somit im Zentrum der vorliegenden Studie
Being "children" in India : constructions of childhood and deviance in a postcolonial context : a study on reported cases of sexual offence within the Indian juvenile justice system
No full textChildhood is idealised as an epitome of innocence. Deviance on the other hand determines transgression. Such a perception of deviance also establishes predominant ideas and practices of childhood through activities like education and play. Experiences like labour, sex, marriage or crime therefore demarcate deviance in terms of absence of childhood, through an absence of activities like schooling, play and hence of innocence. This portrays deviance as a binary opposition in terms of non-childhood. Such a portrayal also highlights deviance as a pathologised social condition related to marginality, poverty and lack of education. Reported incidents of sexual offences within the Indian juvenile justice system highlight prerogatives of restorative juvenile justice and child protection by the legal mechanism. This foregrounds the role of the parens patriae state along with the predominant notion of child protection. What such a notion means for the discourse of childhood remains to be interrogated. In this regard, the postcolonial context of India remains especially significant in bringing forth the realities of privileged and marginal childhoods. Sexual engagements and marriage alliances of young people from marginal social positions in Indian society provides multiple contentions of introspection. It highlights the complexity of marriage, sex, and sexuality in relation to childhoods within Indian society. It establishes the embeddeness of childhood wtihin the intersections of class, caste, gender, religion and ethnicity in Indian society. The present study aims to highlight the dialectical relationship between Childhood and Deviance. This negates the relation of binary opposition between childhood and deviance. Such a negation calls for an onto-epistemological reformulation of childhood. It highlights childhood and deviance as conceptual categories which are laid out for a postcolonial treatment. In this respect, law comprises as an important spatial domain which influences constructions of childhood and deviance. An ethnographic engagement with reported cases of sexual offences within the Indian juvenile justice system highlights sexual and marital relations among young people (legal minors) in terms of sexual citizenship beyond a modernist developmental paradigm. This stance provides a critic of the present legal provisions which misrecognises such engagements thereby resulting in eventual criminalisation of boys and victimisation of girls in most cases. In this respect, the present study interrogates operationalisation of restorative juvenile justice and child protection within the Indian juvenile justice system as a measure to expand the normative ethics of modern childhood. In this respect, the role of education in terms of compulsory schooling comes forth as a drive towards the expansion of such a normative ethic. It demarcates education itself as an indicator of childhood. Such an interconnectedness between education and childhood furthers a developmental idea of childhood and deviance. It lays forth the paramount importance of education towards the determination and distinction of childhood and deviance. What this connotes for the discourse of childhood therefore remains a matter of introspection within the scope of the present study.Kindheit wird als der Inbegriff von Unschuld idealisiert. Demgegenüber markiert abweichendes Verhalten einen Verstoß gegen diese Unschuld. So ein Konzept von abweichendem Verhalten bestätigt vorherrschende Ideen und Praktiken von Kindheit als geprägt von Erziehung und Spiel. Erfahrungen wie Arbeit, Sex, Heirat oder Verbrechen bestimmen deswegen abweichendes Verhalten als Abwesenheit von Kindheit. Somit wird im Rahmen einer binären Entgegensetzung Abweichung als Nicht-Kindheit beschrieben. Schilderungen von sexuellen Straftaten innerhalb des indischen Jugendstrafvollzugs heben den Vorrang des opferorientierten Jugendstrafrechtes und des Kinderschutzes durch legale Mechanismen hervor. Dies stellt die Rolle des Staats als parens patriae zusammen mit der vorherrschenden Idee des Kinderschutzes in den Vordergrund. Was so eine Idee für den Diskurs von Kindheit bedeutet, ist zu hinterfragen. Der postkoloniale Kontext Indiens bleibt diesbezüglich besonders wichtig, indem er die Realitäten privilegierter und marginaler Kindheit hervorbringt. Sexuelle Betätigungen und Heiratsallianzen junger Leute an den sozialen Rändern der indischen Gesellschaft liefern eine Vielzahl an Belegen zur Untersuchung. Sie heben die Komplexität von Heirat, Sex und Sexualität in Bezug auf „Kindheiten“ in der indischen Gesellschaft hervor. Dies stellt auch die Überschneidungen von Klasse, Kaste, Gender, Religion und Ethnizität in den Vordergrund, innerhalb deren Kindheit in der indischen Gesellschaft eingebettet ist. Die gegenwärtige Studie zielt darauf ab, die dialektische Beziehung zwischen Kindheit und abweichendem Verhalten zu beleuchten. Sie negiert damit den Gegensatz von Kindheit und abweichendem Verhalten und fordert so eine onto-epistemologische Neuformulierung von Kindheit. Sie hebt Kindheit und abweichendes Verhalten als konzeptionelle Kategorien hervor, die für eine postkoloniale Analyse ausgelegt sind. In dieser Beziehung umfasst das Recht eine wichtige Domäne, die die Konstruktionen von Kindheit und abweichendem Verhalten beeinflusst. Die ethnographische Beschäftigung mit Fallbeispielen von sexuellen Verstößen innerhalb des indischen Jugendstrafrechtssystems hebt die sexuellen und Heiratsbeziehungen zwischen (minderjährigen) Kindern hinsichtlich eines sexuellen Bürgerrechts jenseits eines modernistischen Entwicklungsparadigmas hervor. Dieser Ansatz ermöglicht eine Kritik der gegenwärtigen Rechtsvorschriften, die das nicht anerkennen, was wiederum zu einer tatsächlichen Kriminalisierung von Jungen und der Betrachtung von Mädchen als Opfer in den meisten Fällen führt. In dieser Hinsicht hinterfragt die Studie die Durchführung des opferorientierten Jugendstrafrechts und des Kinderschutzes innerhalb des indischen Jugendstrafrechtssystems als ein Mittel, um die normative Ethik einer modernen Kindheit durch einen staatlichen parens patriae-Mechanismus zu erweitern. Dabei zeigt sich die hervorstechende Rolle der Erziehung in der Definition von Kindheit und folglich auch devianten Verhaltens. Was das für den Diskurs von Kindheit bedeutet, steht somit im Zentrum der vorliegenden Studie
Criminals in Our Land! Border Movement and Apprehension of Children from Bangladesh Within the Juvenile Justice System in India
No full textMoving in and out of vulnerability : interrogating migration as an adaptation strategy along a rural-urban continuum in India
Get PDFDrawing on life history interviews, the paper explores the role of migration and commuting in addressing livelihood vulnerability along a rural–urban continuum in Karnataka, India. Using life histories as a methodological tool can complement econometric approaches, allowing for in‐depth and temporally sensitive inquiry into the drivers and consequences of migration. The study locates present‐day vulnerability in Kolar and Gulbarga as points on a regionally differentiated development pathway. Both Kolar and Gulbarga are sites of prominent out-migration due to their geographical contexts. Findings show drivers of migration are based on livelihood expectations, and perceived lack of opportunities in rural areas.UK Department for International Development (DFID
Book review: non-governmental organizations, management and development, 3rd Edition
No full textIn the Third Edition of Non-governmental Organizations: Management and Development, author David Lewis argues that while management theory and practice have received attention in businesses and government they remain understudied in NGOs. Chandni Singh finds this edition to fill a significant gap of understanding how NGOs function and are managed in an increasingly complex global environment
How do we assess vulnerability to climate change in India : a systematic review of literature
Get PDFThis work was carried out under the Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia (CARIAA), with financial support from the UK Government’s Department for International Development (DfID) and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), CanadaIn India, several vulnerability assessment tools have been designed spanning multiple disciplines, by multiple actors, and at multiple scales. However, their conceptual, methodological, and disciplinary underpinnings, and resulting implications on who is identified as vulnerable, have not been interrogated. Addressing this gap, we systematically review peer-reviewed publications (n = 78) and grey literature (n = 42) to characterise how vulnerability to climate change is assessed in India. We frame our enquiry against four questions: (1) How is vulnerability conceptualised (vulnerability of whom/what, vulnerability to what), (2) who assesses vulnerability, (3) how is vulnerability assessed (methodology, scale), and (4) what are the implications of methodology on outcomes of the assessment. Our findings emphasise that methods to assess vulnerability to climate change are embedded in the disciplinary traditions, methodological approaches, and often-unstated motivations of those designing the assessment
A recursive formula for the number of intuitionistic fuzzy subgroups of a finite cyclic group
No full textDo We Want Something New Or Just Repetition of 1492?: Engaging with the “Next” Moment in Curriculum Studies
No full textThis paper unpacks an unsettling encounter the author has (as doctoral student) with curriculum studies and its colonial, heteropatriarchical and white supremacist logics. In trying to settle, the unsettling encounter, the paper attempts to examine key questions in curriculum studies, ‘what is worthwhile knowing, what knowledge is of most worth’ and what work does curriculum studies do? This paper seeks to think through, within and against these questions in relation to the curriculum studies canon project proposed by the American Association for the Advancement of Curriculum Studies. The article is an invitation that calls scholars to think about forging new pathways towards the ‘next moment’ in curriculum studies through decolonization, solidarity and rupturing the descriptive statement of the human in looking towards the future of the field. Though this piece may be read as provocation, if curriculum scholars truly want to (re)conceptualize something “new”, a shift needs to take place
