1,721,012 research outputs found
La « vraie mesure de l’homme ». Phénoménologie et anthropologie dans les manuscrits du jeune Foucault
No full textLa connaissance du singulier en psychopathologie : l’approche typologique dans la psychiatrie germanophone du XX e siècle et la Daseinsanalyse
No full textCet article a pour but d’interroger, selon une perspective à la fois historique et épistémologique, le lien que le courant phénoménologique de la psychopathologie a tissé avec la recherche typologique en psychologie et psychiatrie à partir des années vingt. Tout en évoquant les problématiques spécifiquement philosophiques inhérentes aux démarches de typification, j’analyse ces démarches en me concentrant sur les enjeux et les desiderata caractérisant certains des projets les plus influents qui, dans le contexte de la psychopathologie germanophone, se sont rapprochés de la phénoménologie afin de trouver un point de repère méthodologique. En particulier, j’insiste sur le modèle théorique élaboré par Ludwig Binswanger, puisqu’il a été parmi les premiers à poser de manière systématique la question de la rationalité intrinsèque de la connaissance clinique, et à affronter le problème de la relation entre général et singulier qui se présente lorsqu’un “cas” est décrit et analysé dans son “exemplarité”
L’insegnamento dell’italiano L2 ad allievi migranti con bisogni speciali: uno studio di caso sull’applicabilità del Total Physical Response
No full textSecond language teaching to foreign pupils with special needs is a research area which has received little attention so far, although in Italian schools there is an increasing number of foreign students with disabilities or learning difficulties. The attempt to build a theoretical framework suggests a traditional methodology such as Total Physical Response as potentially beneficial when a pathology is present. A case study based on the use of Total Physical Response with a foreign child suffering from Sturge Weber Syndrome provides evidence on a linguistic, cognitive and interactional level during the early stages of second language learning
Foucault à l’épreuve de la psychiatrie et de la psychanalyse
No full textLe dossier a pour but d’interroger, à partir de Michel Foucault, le lien entre la réflexion épistémologique sur la santé mentale et l’historicité des savoirs qui la cernent. La contribution d’Elisabetta Basso s’appuie sur les manuscrits foucaldiens des années 1950 afin d’analyser le chantier à partir duquel le jeune Foucault inaugure une réflexion qui l’amènera à une mise en question radicale du bien-fondé des sciences humaines. Ugo Balzaretti discute le rapport de la psychanalyse à la biopolitique, qu’il approfondit à la lumière de l’archéologie de la psychanalyse que Foucault développe dans Naissance de la clinique et Les mots et les choses, mais aussi de la généalogie du pouvoir esquissée dans La volonté de savoir. L’article de Laurent Dartigues a pour objet la manière dont Foucault lit et utilise la psychanalyse, dont la présence ne concerne pas les seuls écrits des années 1950 et 1960, mais reste constante tout au long de l’œuvre du philosophe, avec un statut incertain et fluctuant. Aurélie Pfauwadel s’intéresse à un point d’achoppement qui concerne une des généalogies foucaldiennes de la psychanalyse, celle qui, dans les années 1970, met le freudisme du côté de la normalisation. Clotilde Leguil se concentre sur la pensée de Lacan, dont elle fait remarquer la dimension politique dans la mesure où elle promeut une conception anti-identitariste du sujet. Enfin, le dossier présente la transcription d’un inédit de Foucault sur la psychanalyse, où le philosophe entend mesurer l’apport de la psychanalyse à la compréhension de la maladie mentale. The aim of this special issue is to question, starting from Michel Foucault, the link between the epistemological reflection on mental health and the historicity of the knowledge that defines it. Elisabetta Basso’s contribution draws on Foucault’s manuscripts of the 1950s, in order to analyze how the young Foucault initiates a reflection that leads him to radically put into question social sciences. Ugo Balzaretti discusses the relationship between psychoanalysis and biopolitics, which he explores in the light of the archaeology of psychoanalysis developed by Foucault in Naissance de la clinique and Les mots et les choses, but also in the genealogy of power outlined in La volonté de savoir. Laurent Dartigues’s article deals with the way in which Foucault reads and uses psychoanalysis – whose presence in Foucault’s corpus does not only concern the writings of the 1950s and 1960s – but remains constant throughout the philosopher's work, with an uncertain and fluctuating status. Aurélie Pfauwadel dwells on a stumbling block that concerns one of the genealogies of psychoanalysis outlined by Foucault, the one that, in the 1970s, put Freudism on the side of normalization. Clotilde Leguil focuses on Lacan’s thinking, by emphasizing its political dimension in that it promotes an anti-identitarist conception of the subject. Finally, the dossier presents the transcription of an unpublished manuscript by Foucault on psychoanalysis, in which the philosopher intends to assess the contribution of psychoanalysis to the understanding of mental illness
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Michel Foucault e la Daseinsanalyse : un’indagine metodologica
No full textInternational audienceThis work analyzes the methodological role that Ludwig Binswanger’s phenomenological approach to psychopathology played for the epistemological methodology outlined by Michel Foucault at the beginning of the 1960s. Starting from the young Foucault’s interest in existential psychiatry, the analysis focuses especially on the French philosophical and psychiatric context in which Foucault’s Introduction to Ludwig Binswanger’s “Dream and Existence” (1954) was conceived. The intention of this study is not to compare Foucault’s conceptuality to Binswanger’s. Rather, the aim is to investigate Foucault’s reading of Daseinsanalysis by questioning the epistemological stakes that motivate it in the field of the French philosophically informed psychiatry of the time. Foucault himself refers to such a context in his Introduction of 1954, by announcing a study aiming at “situating the existential analysis within the present development of the investigation of man...by following the inclination of phenomenology toward anthropology.”At the core of my analysis is the concept of “historical a priori.” I argue that this concept is rooted not in purely philosophical phenomenology, but in the analysis of ‘existence,’ whose model was given to Foucault—especially via Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Georges Canguilhem—by the “structural a priori” that phenomenological psychiatry borrowed from the medical anthropologies of such authors as Kurt Goldstein, Frederik J. J. Buytendijk, Erwin Straus, and Viktor von Weizsäcker—whose main work, Der Gestaltkreis (1940), was translated into French by Foucault in 1958. Like Weizsäcker had designated the Gestaltkreis as the “empirical a priori” that would have made it possible to account for the existence of the living being, so Foucault presents Binswanger’s approach to the forms of existence by stressing at the same time its “original opposition to a science of the human facts according to the positivistic style,” and its distance from a purely “a priori philosophical speculation” (Introduction to “Dream and Existence”). Approaching the forms of existence as forms of Dasein means indeed to grasp in existence itself a “direction for experience” that is at the same time the structure of a pathological form, and the key for understanding it. It is a matter of a transcendentality that presents itself at the same time as a tool, as a grid targeted to diagnose a particular pathological configuration, and as a configuration principle to be diagnosed by means of such a diagnosis which bases itself on it.This work is outstanding for two reasons: on the one hand, it has contributed to the knowledge of the first part of Foucault’s thought, that is his writings on psychopathology and the history of psychology. In general, indeed, the relationship between Foucault and Binswanger appeared to be quite marginal compared to the strictly anti-anthropological and anti-phenomenological turn that characterizes Foucault’s thought since the 1960s. Especially to the extent that Dream and Existence has a crucial role within Binswanger’s corpus, insofar as the Swiss psychiatrist expressed there for the first time his philosophical ambition of combining Heidegger’s phenomenological analytics with psychopathology. On the other hand, the epistemological and multidisciplinary approach of my study opened a new way of considering Binswanger’s existential project, a way that is different from those traditional interpretations, according to which the Daseinsanalyse would be merely a purely phenomenological-existentialist model grounded on anti-naturalistic assumptions
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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