1,720,976 research outputs found
Cancer cachexia: a Scoping Review on Non-Pharmacological Interventions
Full text linkObjective
Cancer cachexia occurs in 30-80% of patients, increasing morbidity and mortality and impacting the health-related quality of life also for caregivers. Pharmacological interventions have been studied, but have shown inconsistent effects on patients' lives in terms of relative outcomes and poor adherence to pharmacological treatment. We provide an overview of the evidence on non-pharmacological interventions for cancer cachexia.
Methods
We conducted a scoping review based on PRISMA-ScR. On September 21, 2022, plus an update on January 10, 2024, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and Scopus for 2012-2024. We excluded pharmacological interventions defined as “any substance, inorganic or organic, natural or synthetic, that can produce functional modifications, through a chemical, physicochemical or physical action.”
Results
The search retrieved 9,308 articles, of which 17 were eligible. Non-pharmacological interventions included nutritional counseling, complementary therapies (acupuncture), rehabilitation, and psychoeducational/psychosocial support. The data showed small and heterogeneous samples and different disease localization and stages. Thirty-nine percent were multimodal interventions and aimed at patients, not families. The common primary outcomes were body weight and composition, biomarkers, quality of life, psychological suffering, and muscular strength. Only two studies focus on the patient-caregiver dyad.
Conclusions
Interventions on cancer cachexia should be multimodal and multi-professional, proposed early, and aimed at quality of life outcomes. The caregiver’s involvement is essential. Nurses can play an active role in managing cancer cachexia. More well-designed studies are needed to understand the efficacy and contents of non-pharmacological interventions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Il by-pass endovascolare femoro-popliteo: stato dell’arte e possibili prospettive
No full textNel lavoro si prende in esame lo stato dell'arte delle rivascolarizzazioni femoro-poplitee eseguite con tecniche tradizionali confrontandole con i nuovi approcci mininvasivi. Si valutano in maniera particolare i risultati delle rivascolarizzazioni eseguite tramite angioplastica percutanea con o senza stent ed attraverso il posizionamento di protesi endovascolari di tipo Enduring descrivendone limiti, vantaggi e primi risultati
Physical exercise for bone health in men with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy: a systematic review
Full text linkPURPOSE: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a treatment used in men with prostate cancer (PCa); however it is responsible for many adverse effects, with negative impact on quality of life. ADT causes loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and skeletal muscle mass, alteration of body composition, and cognitive function, which altogether lead to increased risk of accidental falls and fractures. This systematic review analyses the effectiveness of physical exercise (PE) in preventing accidental falls and fractures and reducing the loss of BMD in men with PCa receiving ADT.METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library for articles between database inception and September 2, 2020. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of exercise on bone health in men with PCa receiving ADT.RESULTS: Nine RCTs were included. Experimental PE consisted in multicomponent programmes that involved aerobic, resistance, impact-loading exercise, and football training. None of the RCTs investigated the risk of accidental falls and fractures, while two trials reported beneficial effects of PE on lumbar spine, hip, and femoral shaft BMD. No further significant difference was detected in the outcomes investigated.CONCLUSION: Evidence of the effectiveness of PE to prevent the risk of accidental falls and fractures and BMD loss is lacking. Nevertheless, clinical guidelines recommend PE as a part of the clinical management of men with PCa receiving ADT due to its known numerous health benefits. Research should focus on PE strategies to prevent accidental falls, a clinically relevant outcome in this vulnerable population.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study protocol was registered with International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, number CRD 42020158444 ) on 04/28/2020
The meaning of dignity in care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study in acute and intensive care
Full text linkL’utilizzo dell’accesso intraosseo in pazienti clinicamente deteriorati ricoverati in reparti di degenza ordinaria: protocollo di una scoping review
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Nurses’ Attitudes and Perceptions Towards Heart Failure Palliative Care: A Mixed Method Systematic Review
Full text linkBackground/Objectives: Heart failure assistance is strictly correlated with the concept of palliative care. Supportive treatment should be part of the heart failure patient pathway from the beginning. Palliative care with interprofessional effective collaboration could be an important resource used to reduce heart failure distressing symptoms and improve quality of life. Nurses, as professionals with a holistic vision of care, play a crucial role in palliative care introduction and implementation. The aim was to explore nurses’ attitudes and perceptions of heart failure palliative care, updating and adding knowledge to the current evidence. Methods: A systematic mixed-method review following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology was undertaken. The screening of articles, data extraction and quality appraisal were performed by more than one author. The search was undertaken in May 2024 and applied to PubMed, Cinahl, Embase, Web of science, PsycInfo, Cochrane library and Scopus. A convergent integrated approach allowed us to combine qualitative and quantitative data. The analysis and synthesis of results was guided by the Theoretical Domain Framework. Results: Of the 1048 records identified, 26 met the inclusion criteria. Twelve framework domains were completed with data extracted. A flow chart was elaborated to offer an overview of the main concepts included. Conclusions: Numerous behaviors and elements influenced heart failure palliative care implementations. Analysis has shown that each analyzed element was strictly correlated one with another. When implementation was possible, outcome improvement sustained palliative care benefits with the direct involvement of nurses as educators and coordinators
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