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The influence of the concept of establishing operations over a Bbhavior analyst s practice: a study of B. A. Iwata s articles, published in JABA, between 1990 and 2005
No full textMichael (1982, 1988, 1993, 2000) define operação estabelecedora como uma mudança no ambiente que altere a efetividade de algum objeto ou evento enquanto reforçador e, simultaneamente, altere a freqüência momentânea da resposta que tem sido seguido pelo reforçador. Segundo Michael (1982), a formulação desse novo termo científico possui um valor maior do que a mera conveniência terminológica; para ele, a ausência de um termo adequado tal como operações estabelecedoras - pode ter feito com que os efeitos citados tenham sido desconsiderados ou tenham sido classificados em outra nomenclatura. Além disso, o autor sugere que nosso comportamento verbal pode ser melhorado se for possível identificar em um mesmo termo todas as operações do ambiente que alteram a efetividade dos eventos enquanto reforçadores e explicitam também os efeitos evocativos de tais operações. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os efeitos de uma alteração na forma do comportamento verbal a elaboração de um novo termo ou expressão, no caso, operações estabelecedoras sobre o comportamento analítico de analistas do comportamento. Para isso, 31 artigos de autoria ou co-autoria de B. A. Iwata publicados no Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA) entre 1990 e 2005 foram analisados. Resultados mostraram a) uso não-sistemático do uso do termo, b) diferentes análises quando as operações estabelecedoras foram consideradas, e c) uso do termo para se referir apenas às operações estabelecedoras incondicionadasMichael (1982, 1988, 1993, 2000) defines establishing operation as a change in the environment that alters the effectiveness of some object or event as reinforcer and, simultaneously, alters the momentary frequency of the response which have been followed by that reinforcer. According to Michael (1982), the formulation of this new scientific term has more value than mere terminological convenience; the absence of an appropriate term such as establishing operations may have lead to the disregard of the effects mentioned above or to their labeling under other headings. Furthermore, the author suggests that our verbal behavior may be improved if it would be possible to identify in the same term all environmental operations which alter the effectiveness of events as reinforcers and point to the evocative effects of such operations. The present study s objective was to analyze the effects of a change in the form of a verbal response the elaboration of a new term or expression, in this case, establishing operations - in the analytical behavior of analysts behavior. To do this, 31 articles of B. A. Iwata, published in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA) between 1990 and 2005 were considered. Results showed a) non- systematic use of the term, b) different analysis when establishing operations were considered, and c) use of the term to refer only to unconditioned establishing operationsCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio
Modeling processes present in the teaching of mathematics lessons within the ICT classroom context
No full textOrientador: Roberta Gurgel AzziTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de EducaçãoResumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever e analisar as práticas docentes no contexto de uso de TIC no ensino de Matemática, a partir da Teoria da Aprendizagem Social ¿ uma teoria integrada à Teoria Social Cognitiva de Albert Bandura. Participaram do estudo dois professores de Matemática do Ensino Fundamental II de uma escola pública estadual localizada na cidade de Sumaré ¿ SP, que realizaram um curso de formação no portal HypatiaMat e o utilizaram nas aulas para ministrar os conteúdos referentes a Quadriláteros, fazendo uso de tablets e lousa digital. As aulas foram registradas em vídeo e em diário de campo. Ao final da pesquisa realizou-se também uma entrevista em grupo com os alunos. Os dados foram analisados considerando-se as observações registradas em diário, e, no caso dos vídeos, as cenas selecionadas foram analisadas a partir das ações docentes envolvidas e dos efeitos da modelação presentes. Foram identificadas três categorias referentes à ação docente: orientação ao aluno, explicação teórica e manejo de sala. Já as categorias correspondentes aos processos de modelação abarcaram os efeitos da modelação: aprendizagem observacional, inibição da resposta, desinibição da resposta e facilitação da resposta. As categorizações realizadas foram submetidas à análise de juízes e os resultados apresentados considerando os índices de concordância. Os resultados indicaram que, dos 45 exemplos selecionados, mais da metade correspondeu à ação docente de orientação ao aluno, seguida pelas explicações teóricas e o manejo de sala. Considerando-se os efeitos da modelação, verificou-se o efeito da aprendizagem observacional na maioria dos casos, seguido pelo efeito de facilitação da resposta, efeito inibitório e, por último, o efeito desinibitório. A análise dos efeitos da modelação presente nas ações docentes indicou que 60% dos exemplos de orientação ao aluno apresentaram o efeito da aprendizagem observacional; na explicação teórica o efeito da modelação com maior número de ocorrências foi a facilitação da resposta, com 69,13% dos exemplos. No que diz respeito à ação docente de manejo de sala, o efeito de inibição da resposta correspondeu a 62,5% dos exemplos identificados na categoria. As observações presentes em diário de campo indicaram dificuldades operacionais e pedagógicas relacionadas ao uso de TIC no ensino, apontando que o curso de formação para o uso do portal não foi suficiente para garantir o domínio em sua execução e assegurar o manejo das questões cotidianas em sala de aula. Os alunos destacaram os problemas técnicos enfrentados e a postura adotada por eles diante dessa situação, mas ressaltaram que o uso da tecnologia foi positivo e deveria ter ocorrido por um período de tempo maior. Faz-se necessário rever a proposta de formação para uso do HypatiaMat, bem como desenvolver materiais de apoio ao professor que considerem a modelação no ensino e que possibilitem a realização de planejamento de ensino contemplando o uso de tecnologia. Pesquisas futuras são necessárias para que se discutam os efeitos da modelação e sua importância no planejamento de ensino e no processo de aprendizagem do alunoAbstract: This study had as objective to describe and analyze the teaching practices in the ICT classroom context for teaching Mathematics within the Social Learning Theory - an integrated theory of Albert Bandura¿s Social Cognitive Theory. Two Middle School Math teachers from a public school in the city of Sumaré - SP participated in this study. They had previously taken a training course on the HypatiaMat site and had used it to teach the content related to Quadrilaterals using tablets and an interactive white board. The lessons were video recorded and registered in a field diary. At the end of the research, there was also a group interview with the students. Data were analyzed considering the notes in the field diary and scenes from the videos. The selected scenes from the videos were the ones with the specific teaching actions involved and the present modeling effects. There were three categories referring to the teaching action: student orientation, theoretical explanation and classroom management. The categories related to the modeling processes involved the effects of modeling: observational learning, response inhibition, response disinhibition and response facilitation. The categories were submitted to the analysis of judges and the results were presented considering the index of agreement. The results show that more than half out of the 45 examples corresponded to student orientation, followed by theoretical explanation and classroom management. Considering the effects of modeling, the effect of observational learning was observed in most of the cases, followed by response facilitation, then response inhibition, and finally response disinhibition. The analysis of the modeling effects present in the teaching actions pointed that 60% of the examples of student orientation showed the effect of observational learning; in the theoretical explanation the modeling effect, the highest number of occurrences was response facilitation with 69,13% of the examples. Regarding teaching action as to classroom management, the effect of response inhibition corresponded to 62,5% of the examples identified in this category. The observations present in the field diary indicated operational and pedagogical difficulties related to the use of ICT for teaching, showing that the training course for the use of the site was not enough to guarantee its domain and to ensure the management of the classroom daily issues. The students pointed out the technical problems they faced and their reactions to them. However, they emphasized that the use of technology was positive and they should have used it for a longer period of time. It is necessary to re-elaborate the proposal for the training program for HypatiaMat. Besides, to develop supporting materials for the teacher which consider modeling in teaching, and class planning with teaching with technologies. Further research is necessary in order to discuss the effects of modeling and its importance for the teaching planning and the student¿s learning processDoutoradoPsicologia EducacionalDoutora em Educação141673/2014-1CNP
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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