1,721,033 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Wages of inequality: The income-growth gap
Full text linkThe interim Union budget presented on February 1 was only a vote on account since the general elections are due soon. However, it still gives a picture of the government’s thinking on macroeconomic policy objectives and allows us to ask if the approach is correct, given the challenges currently facing the Indian economy
Let us not make job creation in India a number game
No full textOver the past few months, the question of job creation, or lack thereof, in the formal sector of the economy has steadily been in the news. Clearly, the Modi government is feeling the pressure to do something, or at least to be seen to be doing something, about it. The first response to the accusation that the Indian government has failed on the job creation front was in the form of Amit Shah’s statement that it was not jobs that were promised, but livelihoods. So the government would encourage self-employment. Never mind that self-employment has always been the fallback option for those not able to secure jobs. Half of the Indian workforce is self-employed
Long-run trends in rural wages
No full textWage rates for agricultural and non-agricultural labour in rural India have been in the news recently. First, in his The Indian Express column, Surjit Bhalla argued that demonetization was not bad for the rural economy since the growth of wage rates had increased from around 2% in mid-2016 to 5.7% in mid-2017. There followed a response by Himanshu in The Indian Express, using the same data to show that Bhalla’s conclusions were valid only for select occupations. More importantly, he pointed out that a recovery in rural wages had started before demonetization and that this recovery came on the heels of a longer period of declining real wages since May 2014. However, he used wage levels rather than growth rates in his analysis and interpreted Bhalla as saying that demonetization had increased wage rates. Both these points were criticized by Bhalla in his response
Agrarian Change in North India: Evidence from Haryana and Uttar Pradesh
No full textEarlier on Sanhati (paper here), we have published a study that attempts to understand the evolution of relations of production under which the majority of the working people in India labour. Using aggregate level data for agriculture and informal industry, and drawing on several case studies of the unorganized sector, we have highlighted key aspects of Indian capitalism. One of the major lacuna of that study was the absence of reference to micro/village level studies of agrarian change. This article is part of series of short pieces (the first one was on Bihar) that summarize crucial aspects of the dynamics of agrarian change observed at the village level. Here we take a brief look at Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Subsequent essays in the series will examine state and village-level evidence from Western and Southern India
Jobless growth still the leitmotif
No full textIN what has been termed as a "routine" and "calming" budget, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley's team has checked all the appropriate boxes. Increased outlay for popular schemes like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and for public investment in infrastructure, and tax cuts for small businesses and the lower end of the salaried classes, while keeping to the announced path of fiscal consolidation with a deficit target of 3.2 per cent. Overall the budget contains no big surprises (such as inheritance tax, universal basic income etc.). But after the economic turmoil caused by demonetisation, was this a lost opportunity to make some big changes? Or is it a deliberate attempt to go back to business as usual
Let us not underestimate deprivation in the country
Full text linkWhat was the status of extreme poverty in India prior to the arrival of the pandemic? Did demonetization increase poverty? Due to lack of official data, these questions remain unanswered. The most recent survey data (2017-18) was not officially released, but leaked reports showed a fall in real consumption and an unprecedented rise in poverty. In this environment, confusion and uncertainty have reigned. So it is welcome news that the National Sample Survey Office is planning to conduct the next round soon
Jobless growth plagues India
No full textFirst, consider the numbers. Between 2003 and 2009, the high growth years of the economy, when GDP grew by 8 per cent per year on average, the number of good jobs, that is, jobs in the formal sector of the economy, grew at not even one-tenth that number. Look at it another way. Every year millions of new aspirants enter the job market to compete for a few hundred thousand new jobs
Geographical Indication: Will it Save Traditional Indian Art?
No full textIndia has always been famous for her hand-crafted goods. Most readers will not need an introduction to the rich diversity of textiles, fabrics, jewelry, metalwork, woodwork, ornaments, perfumes, etc. that have been manufactured here for centuries. The millions of artisans, men and women, employed in these industries possess a great wealth of knowledge and skills relating to local ecology and materials, production techniques, art, design, and market trends. These are the original “knowledge workers.” However, they usually do not receive material returns commensurate with this knowledge. For example, in the textile industry of Banaras, handloom weavers, the makers of the world-famous Banarasi Sari, who are paid piece-wages per sari, end up earning as little as Rs. 10-15 an hour. This amounts to barely Rs. 150 for a day’s work on the loom, less even than manual laborers make in a day
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