230 research outputs found
Circus of Tsarevich Aleksei Mikhailovich
No full textThe article focuses on the «German potekhi» (entertaiments), played in the Muscovite court during
the 1630s. These entertainments resembled circus performances. They were based on rope acrobatics. The
principal changes leading to a new phenomenon in the Russian court culture appeared in the turn of 1634 and
1635. From this time a small acrobatic troupe began to develop, the backbone was formed with two German
artist and five of their Russian pupils. The development of the «German entertaiments» was connected with
the youth of Tsarevich Aleksei Mikhailovich. First he looked at poteshniki (entertainers), then apprenticed
three of his nakry players to the foreign artists, dressed them together with himself, his younger brother and
the stolniks in the German comic costume. This period ended because of the tragic events in the life of the
royal family in 1639: in January died Tsarevich Ivan, five years old, and in March died newborn Tsarevich
Vasilii. To this the Empress’s health deteriorated. At the end of mourning the «German entertaiments» were
not renewed. The author concludes in pointing out the similarity of «German entertaiments» from 1630s
with the performances that were played at the court of Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich in early 1672: no German
actors on stage were professionals; the people close to Aleksei Mikhailovich played a significant role in the
organization of the performances; the shows were based on the plastic actions that were understood without
the help of an interpreter; the Tsar and his sons was shown for the audience. These performances have become
an important preparatory step to the production of the first theatrical performance ― The Play of Artaxerxes
(Ahasuerus; Artakserksovo deistvo).We gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the National
Endowment for the Humanities for this article (project number RZ-51635-13). Any views, findings,
or conclusions expressed in this article do not necessarily represent those of the National
Endowment for the Humanities
Обратное отслеживание для действия группы Баумслага-Солитера
No full textАвтор: Фадеев Алексей Викторович ВКР: "Обратное отслеживание для действия группы Баумслага-Солитера" Научный руководитель: д.ф.-м.н., профессор Пилюгин С. Ю. Фундаментальная математика и механика Кафедра высшей геометрии В работе исследуется наличие свойства обратного отслеживания (аналог известного в теории динамических систем свойства отслеживания) для действий группы Баумслага-Солитера. Действие группы рассматривается как естественное обобщение классической динамической системы (каскада или потока). Свойство обратного отслеживания заключается в том, что траектории системы могут быть сколь угодно близко аппроксимированы т.н. "псевдотраекториями" (на каждом шаге итерации допускается небольшая погрешность вычислений). Источником этих псевдотраекторий служит некоторый численный метод. Автору удалось показать, что линейные действия группы Баумслага-Солитера на R,и R^2 свойством обратного отслеживания не обладают. Это совершенно новый результат в данной области. До этого в литературе имелись результаты лишь для прямого отслеживания для действия этой группы. Использовано 6 источников. Фадеев А. В. Обратное отслеживание для действия группы Баумслага-Солитера: дипломная работа: защищена 03.06.2017 / Фадеев Алексей Викторович - СПб., 2017. - 17 с. - Библиогр.: с. 17Author: Fadeev Aleksei Viktorovich "Inverse shadowing in actions of Baumslag-Solitar group" Scientific supervisor: Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, professor Pilyugin S.Yu. Fundamental Mathematics and Mechanics High Geometry Author investigated the presence of the inverse shadowing property for the actions of Baumslag-Solitar group. Group actions are considered to be the generalisation of classical dynamical system (such as cascades and flows). Inverse shadowing property means that any exact trajectory can be approximated with "pseudotrajectories" (there is a small error on the each iteration step). By the definition, the source of pseudotrajectories is some numerical method. Author proved that linear actions of Baumslag-Solitar group on R and R^2 do not have the inverse shadowing property. This is a new result in that area. Other authors investigated only usual shadowing property for this group. The bibliography contains 6 items. Fadeev A.V. Inverse shadowing in actions of Baumslag-Solitar group: graduation thesis: def 03.06.2017 / Fadeev Aleksei Viktorovich - St Petersburg, 2017. - 17 p. - Bibl.: p. 1
Automatically Identifying Parameter Constraints in Complex Web APIs: A Case Study at Adyen
No full textWeb APIs may have constraints on parameters, such that not all parameters are either always required or always optional. Moreover, the presence or value of one parameter could cause another parameter to be required, or parameters could have restrictions on what kinds of values are valid. Having a clear overview of the constraints helps API consumers to integrate without the need for additional support and with fewer integration faults. We made use of existing documentation and code analysis approaches for identifying parameter constraints in complex web APIs. In this paper, we report our case study of several APIs at Adyen, a large-scale payment company that offers complex Web APIs to its customers. Our results show that the documentation- and code-based approach can identify 23% and 53% of the constraints respectively and, when combined, 68% of them. We also reflect on the current challenges that these approaches face. In particular, the absence of information that explicitly describes the constraints in the documentation (in the documentation analysis), and the engineering of a sound static code analyser that is sensitive to data-flow, maintains longer parameter references throughout the API's code, and that is able to symbolically execute the several libraries and frameworks used by the API (in the static analysis).Accepted author manuscriptSoftware Engineerin
A DNA turbine powered by a transmembrane potential across a nanopore
No full textRotary motors play key roles in energy transduction, from macroscale
windmills to nanoscale turbines such as ATP synthase in cells. Despite our
capabilities to construct engines at many scales, developing functional
synthetic turbines at the nanoscale has remained challenging. Here, we
experimentally demonstrate rationally designed nanoscale DNA-origami turbines
with three chiral blades. These DNA nanoturbines are 24-27 nm in height and
diameter and can utilise transmembrane electrochemical potentials across
nanopores to drive DNA bundles into sustained unidirectional rotations of up to
10 revolutions/s. The rotation direction is set by the designed chirality of
the turbine. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations show how hydrodynamic
flows drive this turbine. At high salt concentrations, the rotation direction
of turbines with the same chirality is reversed, which is explained by a change
in the anisotropy of the electrophoretic mobility. Our artificial turbines
operate autonomously in physiological conditions, converting energy from
naturally abundant electrochemical potentials into mechanical work. The results
open new possibilities for engineering active robotics at the nanoscale
Automated processing of first-pass radioisotope ventriculography data to determine essential central circulation parameters
No full textThe conceptual bases for codifying Estonia׳s IP law and the main legislative changes: From the comparative approach to embedding drafted law into the socio-economic context
No full textAbstractThe aim of this article is to explore the conceptual bases and methodological issues involved in the codification process of Estonia׳s intellectual property law and outline the main results. The conceptual bases of this codification consist of evolutionary development, a comparative-law approach, stakeholder involvement and regulatory impact assessment. The reform draws on the existing regulatory framework (existing IP law), developed further by the identification and use of the best regulatory practices of other countries and model laws. Stakeholder involvement and regulatory impact assessment are used to improve the draft law and make it compatible with Estonian socio-economic conditions.This article summarises the results of the extensive work from 2012 to 2014 that resulted in the draft Copyright and Related Rights Act, the draft Industrial Property Code and the draft Act Implementing the Copyright and Related Rights Act and the Industrial Property Code with the relevant annexes.The analysis focuses on the Estonian codification project as a case study. The author relies on traditional research methods from social science and draws on comparative and dogmatic analysis conducted during the codification, using empirical socio-economic data acquired through stakeholder involvement and impact assessment.The article also reflects the author׳s personal experience, insights and intimate knowledge of the codification process gained through management and coordination of the project and in acting as a head of the expert group on the codification of IP law under the auspices of the Ministry of Justice of Estonia.The Estonian example could serve as a comparative model for countries aiming to modernise their IP laws within the EU acquis and international legal framework
Reality and the World of a Book. A Writer’s Individuality in View of Time and Emigration Space in По карнизам [Along the Cornices] by Aleksei Remizov
No full textThe article is devoted to the specific character of time and space in Aleksei Remizov’s Along the Cornices, which was written in exile and belonged to the writer’s less known works of art. The analysis starts by comparing this work to the best known Remizov’s novel Whirlwind Russia, which was created approximately at the same time. These works of art
basically differ in immanents of the presented world, however, the choice of artistic devices, especially the way of presenting time and space, is essentially similar. The author of the
article pays attention to the most important features of the protagonist – his attitude towards the surroundings and attempts of self-defining in view of emigration reality. Although time and place of the action were approximately outlined in the book, for the protagonist the external world is mainly the place of exile and as such does not have much significance.
Thus, in spite of essential awareness of time and space, the individual separates itself from this unwanted reality and transfers into the alternative world, the world of fantasy and
unrestricted creation, which was called “the world of a book” here
Метабола как доминантный тип словесного образа в метареализме: причины выделения и способы анализа
No full textIn the article the author analyses contemporary contents of the term metabole, as well as the ways of and limitations to using it. The term has been introduced by Mikhail Epstein with reference to metarealism, one of the largest Russian poetry schools, which emerged in the 1980s. The notion not only helps to understand the specifics of metarealistic language, but also makes analyses of this language more productive. By now, the content of the term metabole has expanded, which allows the author of the paper to look at this type of verbal image from several positions. Thus, from the point of view of linguistic poetics (Severskaya), metabole can be considered as a type of synthetic, contaminating method of word transformation, based on the mechanism of “realising”, “literalising” the metaphor. For example, in Aleksandr Yeryomenko’s sonnet “V gustykh metallurgicheskikh lesakh” [‘In the dense metallurgical forests…’] the metabole ‘metallurgical forests’ has a direct, literal meaning. In Ivan Zhdanov’s poem “More, chto zazhato v klyuvakh ptits, – dozhd’…” [‘The sea, clasped in the beaks of birds – rain...’] contamination encompasses various tropes: the complicating of the constructions of identification with predicative metaphors expressed by the participles (‘clasped’, ‘encompassed’) and the genitive metaphor (‘gesture of a tree’). From the point of view of theoretical and historical poetics (according to Broitman), metabole can be understood as one of the ways to revive the image language of syncretism, which expresses the relationship of identity of heterogeneous phenomena. For example, in the poem “Bortsy” [‘Wrestlers’] by Aleksei Parshchikov, cumulative images and parallelisms create an inversion of the myth about the origin of species. Applying combined philological methods makes it possible to see how metabolic imagery results from the contamination of various tropes and from the interpenetration of two image languages. For instance, in Andrei Tavrov’s poem “Blake i mladenets” [‘Blake and the Infant’] the accumulation of images forms a metaphysical picture, which correlates with the archaic motif of the path. At the same time, the description of the character of the poem is built through a contamination of tropes. The paper shows that the synthesis of linguistic, theoretical and historical poetics allows one to analyse the texts not only of early metarealism (Parshchikov, Yeryomenko, Zhdanov, Arkadii Dragomoshchenko), but also pertaining to metarealism at the contemporary stage (Vladimir Aristov’s idem-forma, the before-verbal of Tavrov, Kutik’s intertextuality, Celtic poetics of Agris), and to various poetics associated with metarealism (the Dragomoshchenko line, etc.).В статье анализируется современное содержание понятия «метабола», границы и спо- собы его применения. Само понятие «метабола», введенное М. Н. Эпштейном применитель- но к метареализму, одной из крупнейших русскоязычных поэтических школ, возникшей в 80-е гг. XX в., не только помогает понять специфику метареалистического языка, но и делает возможным его продуктивный анализ. К данному моменту содержание термина «метабола» несколько расширилось, что позволяет смотреть на этот тип словесного образа с нескольких позиций. Так, с позиции лингвистической поэтики (О. И. Северская) метабола рассматрива- ется как тип синтетического, контаминирующего способа словопреобразования, основан- ный на механизме реализации метафоры. С точки зрения теоретической и исторической поэтики (по С. Н. Бройтману) метаболу можно понимать как один из способов возрожде- ния образного языка синкретизма, который выражает отношения тождества разнородных явлений. Соединение данных филологических методов позволяет анализировать тексты не только раннего метареализма (А. Парщиков, А. Еременко, И. Жданов, А. Драгомощенко), но и метареализма на современном этапе (idem-forma В. Аристова, дословесное А. Таврова, интертекстуальность И. Кутика, кельтская поэтика Б. Агриса), а также различных поэтик, так или иначе соотносимых с метареализмом (линия Драгомощенко и т. д.)
Back to the future in Arkanar: The Strugatskiis, Aleksei German Sr and the problem of injustice in Hard to Be a God
No full textAuthor version of paper. The version of record is available from the publisher via: http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/sfftv.2015.16© Liverpool University PressThis article examines the treatment of the ethical problem of human injustice, cruelty and oppression in Boris and Arkadii Strugatskii’s 1964 novel Trudno byt’ bogom (Hard To Be A God) and its screen adaptation by Aleksei Yurevich German, Trudno byt’ bogom: istoriia arkanarskoi rezni (Hard To Be A God: History of the Arkanar Rebellion; Russia 2013). I also draw briefly on the Strugatskiis’ 1976 stage play based on their book, Bez oruzhiia (Without Weapons), and the 2006 screenplay co-written by German and his wife, Svetlana Igorevna Karmalita, Chto skazal tabachnik s Tabachnoi ulitsy (What the Tobacconist from Tobacco Street Said), each of which differs significantly from other versions of the narrative. I explore the very different production histories of the Strugatskiis’ novel and German’s film, analysing their resonances with other texts from the canon of Western sf fiction and cinema. Arguing that neither the novel nor the film is strictly sf at all, I suggest (following Elana Gomel) that their generic ambiguity is a deliberate ploy to make each text an allegory of contemporary Russia. Finally, I assess selected Western and Russian critical reactions to the film, concluding with a revealing parallel between the plot of Trudno byt’ bogom and that of Russia’s earliest sf classic, Yakov Protazanov’s Aelita (USSR 1924)
Improving the Efficiency of the Production of Hollow-core Slabs on the Example of AS Framm
No full textKäesoleva lõputöö eesmärgiks oli leida võimalusi AS Framm õõnespaneelide tootmisliini efektiivsuse tõstmiseks. Eesmärgi saavutamiseks tegi autor mitmeid uuringuid ja tõi välja oma ettepanekud. Uuringu läbiviimisel toetus autor nii ettevõtte sisestele andmetele ja avatud allikatele kui ka oma kogemusele ettevõttes.
Esimese sammuna tegi autor vaatlusi, mis andsid tootmises toimuvatest tööprotsessidest reaalse pildi. Nimelt, töö käigus autor visualiseeris tootmisliini läbi tööpäeva jälgimise, olemasoleva tootmisprotsessi kaardistamise ja tööoperatsioonide tegevuste kirjelduse. See aitas analüüsida kogu protsessi, leida kitsaskohti ning hinnata, millises protsessi etapis oleks vajalik ja ka võimalik õõnespaneelide tootmise efektiivsust tõsta.
Teise sammuna uuris autor Lean meetodit ja selle tööriistu, otsides sellist, mille abil oleks võimalik õõnespaneelide tootmise efektiivsust tõsta. Selleks luges autor mitmeid Lean süsteemi kajastavaid raamatuid ja artikleid ning seejärel analüüsis erinevate Lean tööriistade rakendamise võimalusi ja asjakohasust AS Framm ettevõttes. Saadud teadmiste ja kogutud andmete põhjal valis autor välja tema arvates kõige sobivamad tööriistad, mida saaks tootmisprotsessis rakendada selleks, et käesolevas töös püstitatud eesmärki saavutada.
Kolmanda sammuna rakendas autor Lean tööriistu ning tegi oma parendusettepanekuid. Esimesena kirjeldas autor erinevaid kadusid ja tegi ettepanekuid nende likvideerimiseks. Samuti koostas autor väärtusvoo kaardi, mis kirjeldas erinevaid tööoperatsioone ning paljastas suuremaid ajakulu kohti. Näiteks, üleliigse laoseisu probleemi lahendamiseks pakub autor vähendada tooraine partii suurust; töötajate üleliigse liikumise vältimiseks on vaja tõhusamalt organiseerida töökohad ja koolitada personali, et nad optimeeriks enda töökulgu.
Siis kaardistas autor töökohtade probleeme ja pakkus neid eemaldada 5S Lean tööriista abil. Näiteks, pakkus autor juurutada standartidele vastavuse kontrolli ja auditite regulaarset läbiviimist; kontrollida, et töötajad järgiksid töökaitse- ja tööohutuse eeskirju ja juhiseid ning korrastada tööriistade hoiustamist.
Järgmisena autor analüüsis 2023. aasta esimese kvartali andmeid õõnespaneelide tootmisliini seadmetega seotud rikete ja hädaolukordade kohta. Olukorra parandamiseks ja tootmisseisakute vähendamiseks pakkus autor välja TPM rakendamist, millega said tehtud mitmed ettepanekud. Näiteks, on vaja töötajate oskusi parandada läbi koolitamise ja perioodilise teadmiste kontrolli; tehtud hoolduse kohta peaks olema koostatud vastav dokumentatsioon. Samuti ekstruuderi ettevalmistamine vabal tootmisliinil aitaks vältida seisakuid valmistoodete tootmistsehhis ja vähendada tehnilise osakonna ületundide arvu.
Lõpusammuna uuris autor tootmisliinil ressursside raiskamise põhjuseid ning selle tulemusena pakkus kadude likvideerimiseks ja probleemide parandamiseks kasutusele võtta kaasaegseid seadmeid ja tarkvara. Esialgu analüüsis autor reklamatsioonide ja tootmisdefektide andmeid, mille põhjal selgus, et 16 protsenti kõikidest mittevastavustest on seotud nii nimetatud inimfaktoriga. Kuna AS Framm juhtkond alles kaalus selle lõputöö kirjutamise ajal ideed, et võtta kasutusele uued kaasaegsed seadmed ja tarkvara, siis autor viis läbi erinevate spetsialiseeritud seadmete uurimise ja võrdleva analüüsi, mis võimaldab tootmisliine märgistada. Nimelt said omavahel võrreldud erinevad plotterid firmadelt NordImpianti, Copcole, ECHO, Elematic. Tulemusena autor pakub välja, et oleks mõistlik kasutusele võtta just NordImpianti plotter. Seejärel kogus ja analüüsis autor andmeid ressursi ületamise kohta, nimelt andmeid armeerimistrossi kohta. Kuna antud ressurss on kallis, siis autor analüüsis, mis võiks selle säästmisel aidata. Selgus, et kaasaegse tarkvara kasutamine aitab säästa armeerimistrossi, kiirendab tootmisplaneerija tööd ja vähendab tootmisliinil tekkivate jäätmete hulka. Tarkvara lahendusena pakkus autor välja PlanDesk kasutamist.
Kokkuvõttes saab järeldada, et lõputöö täitis püstitatud eesmärki ning lõputöö hüpotees sai tõestatud. Lean meetod ja kaasaegsete tehnoloogiate rakendamine aitaks parendada efektiivsust õõnespaneelide tootmisel AS Framm ettevõttes. Autor tegi omapoolsed parendusettepanekud, mille elluviimisel on võimalik õõnespaneelide osakonna efektiivsust ja tootlikkust olulisel määral tõsta. Efektiivsuse järjepidevaks kasvuks on loomulikult vaja jätkata Lean mõtlemise juurutamist, regulaarsete auditite läbiviimist ja tehnoloogiate kaasaegsena hoidmist.The aim of this thesis was to find ways to increase the efficiency of AS Framm hollow core slabs production line. To achieve the goal, the author did several studies and presented his suggestions. When conducting the research, the author relied on the company's internal data and open sources as well as his own experience in the company.
As a first step, the author made observations that gave a real picture of the work processes taking place in production. Namely, during the work, the author visualized the production line by monitoring the working day, describing the existing production process and the activities of work operations. This helped to analyze the entire process, find the bottlenecks, and assess at which stage of the process it would be necessary and possible to increase the efficiency of hollow panel production.
As a second step, the author researched the Lean method and its tools, looking for ones that could increase the efficiency of hollow core slabs production. For this purpose, the author read several books and articles about the Lean methodology and then analyzed the possibilities and appropriateness of applying Lean tools in the AS Framm company. Based on the acquired knowledge and collected data, the author selected, in his opinion, the most suitable tools that could be applied in the production process to achieve the goal set in this work.
As a third step, the author applied Lean tools and made his suggestions for improvements. First, the author described various losses and made proposals for their elimination. The author also prepared a value stream map, which described various work operations and revealed major time-wasting areas. For example, to solve the problem of excess inventory, the author suggests reducing the batch size of raw materials; to avoid excessive movement of employees, it is necessary to organize workplaces more efficiently and train personnel so that they optimize their workflow.
Then the author mapped workplace problems and offered to remove them using the 5S Lean tool. For example, the author proposed to implement regular compliance checks and audits; to check that employees follow occupational safety and health regulations and instructions and organize the storage of tools.
Next, the author analyzed data from the first quarter of the year 2023 on equipment failures and emergencies in the hollow core slabs production line. To improve the situation and reduce production stoppages, the author proposed the implementation of TPM, using which several proposals were made. For example, it is necessary to improve the skills of employees through training and periodic knowledge checks; appropriate documentation should be prepared for the maintenance performed. Also, preparing the extruder on a free production line would help to avoid stoppages in the production workshop of finished products and reduce the number of overtimes in the technical department.
As a last step, the author investigated the reasons for the waste of resources on the production line, and as a result, suggested introducing modern machines and software to eliminate losses and fix the problems. In the beginning, the author analyzed the data of complaints and production defects, based on which it turned out that 16 percent of all non-conformities are related to the so-called human factor. As the management of AS Framm was still considering the idea of introducing new modern machines and software at the time of writing of this thesis, the author conducted a study and comparative analysis of various specialized equipment which enables marking of production lines. Namely, different plotters from the companies NordImpianti, Copcole, ECHO, Elematic were compared. As a result, the author suggests that it would be reasonable to use the NordImpiant plotter. Then, the author collected and analyzed data on resource crossing, namely data on reinforcing wire. Since this resource is expensive, the author analyzed what could help in saving it. It turned out that the use of modern software helps to save reinforcing wire, speeds up the work of the production planner and reduces the amount of waste generated on the production line. As a software solution, the author suggested using PlanDesk.
In summary, the author concludes that the thesis fulfilled its stated purpose, and the hypothesis of the thesis was proven. The Lean method and the application of modern technologies would help to improve the efficiency in the production of hollow core slabs in the AS Framm company. The author made his own suggestions for improvements, the implementation of which can significantly increase the efficiency and productivity of the hollow core slabs department. For a continuous increase in efficiency, it is of course necessary to continue implementing Lean thinking, conducting regular audits, and keeping technologies up to date
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