1,721,093 research outputs found
Governance, Strategy, and Financing
No full text256 pages : illustrationsIncludes bibliographical reference
Socioemotional approach: Exploring women’s guilt in an all-female Egyptian family business
No full textThe role of women in family businesses is still an under-researched area, with existing research focusing on issues such as women’s roles, work-life balance and equality in terms of pay or careers. This paper seeks to understand the close interpersonal relationships of a small family business. It uses a case study approach to examine the dynamics and emotions at play within the firm and then develops a thought-provoking model of guilt to explain these dynamics. The case study examines an all-female family business in Egypt (Sharm-el-Sheikh). It is a small women’s wear business started and managed by the mother with both daughters employed. Using narrative inquiry, the research explores this family at a crucial turning point, following the business through near bankruptcy to ‘seeing light at the end of the tunnel’ before finally closing. The business achieved its recovery by professionalizing and changing ownership structures, aided by open communication and the recognition of roles and responsibilities. The research, conducted over a 2-year period starting in 2010 and ending in 2012, provides initial insights into the process through which family businesses are bound by guilt and love—emotions which exist simultaneously and which are reflected in the indviduals, the businesses and the family members’ lives. Suggestions for future research are also given. These include replication of the study in developed countries and other cultural contexts as well as development of a deeper understanding of the emotions of love and guilt in the context of working within and entering into family firms
Conservatism: An Explanation of the Financial Choices of the Small and Medium Family Enterprise
Full text linkInternational audienceThe financial behavior of the family firm is a recurring topic in the literature. Hirigoyen's pioneer research (1984) reveals the specificity of the financial behaviors of industrial family medium-sized companies compared to those of the other categories of firms. This type of firms set out effective structures enabling them a better financial management because, on the one hand, they have a long term vision and, on the other hand, are not accountable for short-term results (Dreux, 1990), especially for unquoted firms. In addition, the desire to transmit the firm to the next generations would more encourage the effective management of capital (Gallo and Vilaseca, 1996). Precisely, the long-term horizons of the family firm make it possible to qualify its capital as “patient financial capital” (Reynolds, 1992). Indeed, this capital is invested for long periods without threat of liquidation contrary to “ordinary” financial capital which generally have a due limit corresponding to the end of investment (Dobrzynski, 1993). The firms having this type of capital would be able to pursue more creative and innovating strategies. Besides, family firms, of small and medium size especially, are characterized by the lack of financial resources. Ward (1987) observes that poverty in capital which is necessary to finance the needs of the family and the business is a factor which inhibits growth. Two explanations justify the lack of financial resources in SME. The first makes responsible the financial markets. Indeed, investors would be very hesitant as for investing in these firms (Mahérault and Lyagoubi, 2002). Many family firms SME are not able to meet the necessary conditions, or sometimes unwilling to set up the adequate organizational answers, to facilitate their access to the external capital (Davis and ali., 2000). The second explanation is about internal obstacles. To achieve its goal of durability, the family firm tries to evolve in a more or less hermetic universe. Accordingly, external financial intervention is avoided because it can deteriorate the independence of the firm. The small and medium family enterprise is characterized by a strong conservative attitude. How does conservative orientation influence the financial choices of the small and medium family enterprise? This theoretical contribution tries to answer this question. For Kreiser and ali. (2002), the family firm in general adopts a strategy of a conservative growth dedicating the “living company” model. Such a company consecrates long-term survival instead of financial performance as the main objective to be pursued. Accordingly, highly aware of its identity, it privileges financial conservatism and maintains a narrow control on strategic decisions in family hands. The analyzes of Hirigoyen (1985) join this idea since the author emphasizes that the industrial family SME does not furnish a true effort to increase its market share because it is mainly preoccupied by controlled growth. The analysis will be done in two steps. After pointing out the main dimensions of the financial conservatism of family SME: internal financing and avoidance of the external financial involvement, the analysis will explain the manifestations of conservatism and its sources. The paper will be concluded by reflections as for the strategies enabling to avoid, limit or even eliminate the impacts of conservatism
Conservatism: An Explanation of the Financial Choices of the Small and Medium Family Enterprise
No full textInternational audienceThe financial behavior of the family firm is a recurring topic in the literature. Hirigoyen's pioneer research (1984) reveals the specificity of the financial behaviors of industrial family medium-sized companies compared to those of the other categories of firms. This type of firms set out effective structures enabling them a better financial management because, on the one hand, they have a long term vision and, on the other hand, are not accountable for short-term results (Dreux, 1990), especially for unquoted firms. In addition, the desire to transmit the firm to the next generations would more encourage the effective management of capital (Gallo and Vilaseca, 1996). Precisely, the long-term horizons of the family firm make it possible to qualify its capital as “patient financial capital” (Reynolds, 1992). Indeed, this capital is invested for long periods without threat of liquidation contrary to “ordinary” financial capital which generally have a due limit corresponding to the end of investment (Dobrzynski, 1993). The firms having this type of capital would be able to pursue more creative and innovating strategies. Besides, family firms, of small and medium size especially, are characterized by the lack of financial resources. Ward (1987) observes that poverty in capital which is necessary to finance the needs of the family and the business is a factor which inhibits growth. Two explanations justify the lack of financial resources in SME. The first makes responsible the financial markets. Indeed, investors would be very hesitant as for investing in these firms (Mahérault and Lyagoubi, 2002). Many family firms SME are not able to meet the necessary conditions, or sometimes unwilling to set up the adequate organizational answers, to facilitate their access to the external capital (Davis and ali., 2000). The second explanation is about internal obstacles. To achieve its goal of durability, the family firm tries to evolve in a more or less hermetic universe. Accordingly, external financial intervention is avoided because it can deteriorate the independence of the firm. The small and medium family enterprise is characterized by a strong conservative attitude. How does conservative orientation influence the financial choices of the small and medium family enterprise? This theoretical contribution tries to answer this question. For Kreiser and ali. (2002), the family firm in general adopts a strategy of a conservative growth dedicating the “living company” model. Such a company consecrates long-term survival instead of financial performance as the main objective to be pursued. Accordingly, highly aware of its identity, it privileges financial conservatism and maintains a narrow control on strategic decisions in family hands. The analyzes of Hirigoyen (1985) join this idea since the author emphasizes that the industrial family SME does not furnish a true effort to increase its market share because it is mainly preoccupied by controlled growth. The analysis will be done in two steps. After pointing out the main dimensions of the financial conservatism of family SME: internal financing and avoidance of the external financial involvement, the analysis will explain the manifestations of conservatism and its sources. The paper will be concluded by reflections as for the strategies enabling to avoid, limit or even eliminate the impacts of conservatism
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
L’internationalisation de la firme : les théories de l’apprentissage organisationnel sont-elles caduques ?
No full textInternational audienc
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Processus d’internationalisation de la firme : une relecture à la lumière des approches fondées sur la connaissance
No full textInternational audienc
L’internationalisation de l’entreprise familiale : Que sait-on et où va-ton ?
No full textInternational audienc
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