187,904 research outputs found
Creative destruction and fiscal institutions: a long-run case study of three regions
No full textWe analyze the rise and decline of the steel and mining industries in the regions of Saarland, Lorraine and Luxembourg. Our main focus is on the period of structural decline in these industries after the second world war. Differences in the institutional framework of these regions are exploited to analyze the way in which the broader fiscal constitution sets incentives for governments either to obstruct or to encourage structural change in the private sector. Our main result is that fiscal autonomy of a region subjected to structural change in its private sector is associated with a relatively faster decline of employment in the sectors affected. Contrary to the political lore, fiscal transfers appear not to be used to speed up the destruction of old sectors, but rather to stabilize them
Introduction:The Problem of Integrating ICT within National Systems of Innovation: Concepts, Taxonomies and Strategies
No full text"Running across the informative chapters on the diverse experience of several important countries with ICT is a unifying theory of what it takes for succesful economic development in today's globalized economy. While drawing on the high-tech products offered by advanced industrial nations, and selectively taking in foreign investments, developing nations need to build their own capabilities for innovation. This is a difficult balancing act, and one that requires significant indigenous investments in human capital and in R and D, and sophistication and strenght on the part of the relevant government officials. The case studies show different countries wrestling with the problem, some doing better and some worse. This is a fascinating and important book."Richard R. Nelson, George Blumenthal, Professor Emeritus of International and Public Affairs, Business, and Law, Columbia University, New York, USA."Running across the informative chapters on the diverse experience of several important countries with ICT is a unifying theory of what it takes for succesful economic development in today's globalized economy. While drawing on the high-tech products offered by advanced industrial nations, and selectively taking in foreign investments, developing nations need to build their own capabilities for innovation. This is a difficult balancing act, and one that requires significant indigenous investments in human capital and in R and D, and sophistication and strenght on the part of the relevant government officials. The case studies show different countries wrestling with the problem, some doing better and some worse. This is a fascinating and important book."Richard R. Nelson, George Blumenthal, Professor Emeritus of International and Public Affairs, Business, and Law, Columbia University, New York, USA.</p
Innovation System for ICT:The Case of India
No full text"Running across the informative chapters on the diverse experience of several important countries with ICT is a unifying theory of what it takes for succesful economic development in today's globalized economy. While drawing on the high-tech products offered by advanced industrial nations, and selectively taking in foreign investments, developing nations need to build their own capabilities for innovation. This is a difficult balancing act, and one that requires significant indigenous investments in human capital and in R and D, and sophistication and strenght on the part of the relevant government officials. The case studies show different countries wrestling with the problem, some doing better and some worse. This is a fascinating and important book."Richard R. Nelson, George Blumenthal, Professor Emeritus of International and Public Affairs, Business, and Law, Columbia University, New York, USA."Running across the informative chapters on the diverse experience of several important countries with ICT is a unifying theory of what it takes for succesful economic development in today's globalized economy. While drawing on the high-tech products offered by advanced industrial nations, and selectively taking in foreign investments, developing nations need to build their own capabilities for innovation. This is a difficult balancing act, and one that requires significant indigenous investments in human capital and in R and D, and sophistication and strenght on the part of the relevant government officials. The case studies show different countries wrestling with the problem, some doing better and some worse. This is a fascinating and important book."Richard R. Nelson, George Blumenthal, Professor Emeritus of International and Public Affairs, Business, and Law, Columbia University, New York, USA.</p
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Suppression of lipopolysaccharide and hydrogen peroxide-induced inflammatory responses in raw 264.7 macrophage by pleurotus giganteus and lignosus rhinocerotis / Asweni a/p Baskaran
No full textInflammation is the most important host defence mechanism that protects the body against pathogenic challenges. Inflammation has been linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer’s, cardiovascular and cancer. Further, these diseases are currently the leading cause of death among humans. The search for anti-inflammatory food is on-going and the mushrooms are being recognised as nutritional and functional foods that may reduce inflammation. Pleurotus giganteus and Lignosus rhinocerotis are commercially grown in Malaysia. In the present study, the in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol and hot aqueous extract of P. giganteus and L. rhinocerotis were evaluated for the ability to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and down regulation of the inflammatory markers. The effects of ethanol extracts of P. giganteus on LPS and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) - induced NO production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) expression were investigated to correlate inflammation and oxidative stress. The ethanol extract of P. giganteus (EPG) (10 μg/ml) showed the highest reduction of 74.7 % of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophage while ethanol extract of L. rhinocerotis (ELR) (100 μg/ml) showed the highest reduction of 88.51%. Hence, EPG was chosen for the gene expression study as it showed higher reduction at a lower concentration (10 μg/ml) compared to ELR (51.4 %). Further, EPG showed a 2.7 fold down regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and significantly suppressed (p < 0.05) the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 protein (STAT 3) in LPS-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophage. Ethanol extract of P. giganteus (EPG) also exhibited a significant inhibitory (p < 0.05) effect on LPS and H2O2-induced NO production (28.7 %). Ethanol extract of P. giganteus (EPG) showed a 2.4 and 8.5 fold down regulation of the LPS and H2O2-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and GPx expression respectively
Chondromatosis of the choroid plexus
No full textA case of chondromatosis of the choroid plexus in a 19 year old woman presenting with focal seizures is reported. Benign intracranial cartilaginous lesions are reviewed and the differential diagnosis of chondromatosis of the choroid plexus and intraventricular chondromas discussed. © 1996 Pearson Professional Ltd.S Baskaran, P.C Blumbergs, N Jones, B Vernon-Robert
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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