10 research outputs found
The Potential Applications of Commercial Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculants and Their Ecological Consequences
No full textArbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculants are sustainable biological materials that can provide several benefits to plants, especially in disturbed agroecosystems and in the context of phytomanagement interventions. However, it is difficult to predict the effectiveness of AMF inoculants and their impacts on indigenous AMF communities under field conditions. In this review, we examined the literature on the possible outcomes following the introduction of AMF-based inoculants in the field, including their establishment in soil and plant roots, persistence, and effects on the indigenous AMF community. Most studies indicate that introduced AMF can persist in the target field from a few months to several years but with declining abundance (60%) or complete exclusion (30%). Further analysis shows that AMF inoculation exerts both positive and negative impacts on native AMF species, including suppression (33%), stimulation (38%), exclusion (19%), and neutral impacts (10% of examined cases). The factors influencing the ecological fates of AMF inoculants, such as the inherent properties of the inoculum, dosage and frequency of inoculation, and soil physical and biological factors, are further discussed. While it is important to monitor the success and downstream impacts of commercial inoculants in the field, the sampling method and the molecular tools employed to resolve and quantify AMF taxa need to be improved and standardized to eliminate bias towards certain AMF strains and reduce discrepancies among studies. Lastly, inoculant producers must focus on selecting strains with a higher chance of success in the field, and having little or negligible downstream impacts
Does Commercial Inoculation Promote Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Invasion?
No full textInterventions with commercial inoculants have the potential to reduce the environmental footprint of agriculture, but their indiscriminate deployment has raised questions on the unintended consequences of microbial invasion. In the absence of explicit empirical reports on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) invasion, we examine the present framework used to define AMF invasion and offer perspectives on the steps needed to avoid the negative impacts of AMF invasion. Although commercial AMF isolates are potential invaders, invasions do not always constitute negative impacts on native community diversity and functions. Instead, the fates of the invading and resident communities are determined by ecological processes such as selection, drift, dispersal, and speciation. Nevertheless, we recommend strategies that reduce overdependence on introduced inoculants, such as adoption management practices that promote the diversity and richness of indigenous AMF communities, and the development of native propagules as a supplement to commercial AMF in applicable areas. Policies and regulations that monitor inoculant value chains from production to application must be put in place to check inoculant quality and composition, as well as the transport of inoculants between geographically distant regions
Correction to: Adebiyi, Sulaimon Olanrewaju, Oyatoye, Emmanuel Olateju, Amole, Bilqis Bolanle “Improved Customer Churn and Retention Decision Management Using Operations Research Approach” Emering Markets Journal 6 (2): 12-21. 10.5195/emaj.2016.101
No full textUniversity affiliations for first author (Adebiyi, Sulaimon Olanrewaju) and third author (Amole, Bilqis Bolanle) were changed. The numbering for Literature Review section was changed from 1 to 2. Accordingly, numbering of all future (next) sections was adjusted. Corrections to figures and tables were made. Table 2.1 is now numbered 1, Figure 2.1 is numbered Figure 1, Figure 1 is numbered Figure 2, Table 4.1 is numbered Table 2, Figure 4.1 is numbered Figure 3, Table 4.2 is numbered Table 3 and Figure 4.2 is numbered Figure 4. A duplicated reference to Adeleke, A and Aminu S.A. (2012) on page 19 was removed. The original article can be found via the DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/emaj.2016.10
Analysis of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculant Benchmarks
No full textGrowing evidence showed that efficient acquisition and use of nutrients by crops is controlled by root-associated microbiomes. Efficient management of this system is essential to improving crop yield, while reducing the environmental footprint of crop production. Both endophytic and rhizospheric microorganisms can directly promote crop growth, increasing crop yield per unit of soil nutrients. A variety of plant symbionts, most notably the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphate-potassium-solubilizing microorganisms entered the era of large-scale applications in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. The purpose of this study is to compile data to give a complete and comprehensive assessment and an update of mycorrhizal-based inoculant uses in agriculture in the past, present, and future. Based on available data, 68 mycorrhizal products from 28 manufacturers across Europe, America, and Asia were examined on varying properties such as physical forms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal composition, number of active ingredients, claims of purpose served, mode of application, and recommendation. Results show that 90% of the products studied are in solid formula—powder (65%) and granular (25%), while only 10% occur in liquid formula. We found that 100% of the products are based on the Glomeraceae of which three species dominate among all the products in the order of Rhizophagus irregularis (39%), Funneliformis mosseae (21%), Claroideoglomus etunicatum (16%). Rhizophagus clarus is the least common among all the benchmark products. One third of the products is single species AMF and only 19% include other beneficial microbes. Of the sampled products, 44% contain AMF only while the rest are combined with varying active ingredients. Most of the products (84%) claimed to provide plant nutrient benefits. Soil application dominates agricultural practices of the products and represents 47%. A substantial amount of the inoculants were applied in cereal production. Recommended application doses varied extensively per plant, seed and hectare. AMF inoculant seed coating accounted for 26% of the products’ application and has great potential for increased inoculation efficiency over large-scale production due to minimum inoculum use. More applied research should also be conducted on the possible combination of AMF with other beneficial microbes
Ab-initio and semi-Empirical methods of molecular quantum mechanics and applications to some molecular systems, 1994
No full textVarious methods of Quant tom Mechanics were surveyed to investigate electronic structure property of some molecular systems. Ab initio SCF and Semiempirical calculations were performed on atomic and molecular systems of interest; which are H, H', Cr, Ha, H2', CrH, CrH', CrH2, CrH2-, C2H2, CSHS, CHjOH. The Argonne National Laboratory and Gaussian 90 programs were employed for this purpose. The Ab initio calculations were at the Hartree-Fock level, while the semiempirical calculations were performed at the Modified Neglect of Diatomic Overlap (MNDO) and Austin Model 1 (AMI) level. Results obtained were consistent with experimental data, and showed that semi empirical methods are more effective for large molecular systems, where qualitative results may be sufficient. Ab initio methods which give more accurate results require significantly more computer time when compared to semiempirical procedures
Phylogenetic clustering and ecological interactions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their associated microbiome of a spontaneous plant across Moroccan drylands
No full textArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous in arid ecosystems, yet their distribution and community structure along spatial and ecological gradients remains insufficiently explored at regional scales. Here, we employed Malva sylvestris L., a native spontaneous plant species, to investigate the distribution patterns, phylogenetic structure, and community interactions of AMF and the associated root microbiome in dryland ecosystems. Sampling was conducted along a 700 km transect extending from the Atlantic coast to inland Morocco, encompassing predominantly semi-arid ecosystems. Amplicon sequencing of the LSU rDNA region of roots and soil samples revealed a highly diverse AMF assemblage spanning ten families, including Domikaceae, Diversisporaceae, Entrophosporaceae, Sclerocystaceae, and Septoglomeraceae, while the most frequent taxa belonged to the genera Dominikia, Entrophospora, Funneliformis, and Rhizophagus. Phylogenetic alpha diversity declined with increasing soil phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) but increased with soil potassium, precipitation, and distance from the coastline. AMF community dissimilarity in the rhizosphere was primarily explained by distance from the coastline, MAT, and precipitation together with soil P, N, whereas AMF communities in roots were mainly structured by soil P, N, and carbon. Community assembly processes among root-associated AMF were mainly shaped by total soil N and P: total N drove local AMF community structure (positive Nearest Taxon Index) while variation in soil P increased community turnover among locations (positive beta Nearest Taxon Index). Consequently, network topology was negatively correlated with soil P, and temperature, but positively with precipitation. Specialized AMF taxa, particularly Septoglomus and Funneliformis, acted as hubs in the root fungal network, whereas generalists such as Rhizophagus and Entrophospora drove cross-kingdom associations, interacting strongly with Rhizobium, Sphingomonas, and Caulobacter. Overall, this study advances our understanding of AMF ecology in dryland ecosystems and introduces an innovative bioinformatic workflow that provides new opportunities for exploring mycorrhizal diversity and functions.
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
Enhancing chickpea growth via arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation : facilitating nutrient uptake and shifting potential pathogenic fungal communities
No full textThe plant mycobiome makes essential contributions to the host life cycle in both healthy and diseased states. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most widespread plant symbionts associated with plant roots, and they perform numerous functions that contribute to plants’ health and physiology. However, there exist many knowledge gaps in how the interactions between AMF and host plants’ root mycobiomes influence the performance of host plants. To this end, we inoculated a local chickpea cultivar grown in an agricultural soil under semi-controlled conditions with Rhizophagus irregularis. The plants were subjected to low or normal levels of phosphorus (P) fertilization. In addition to examining mycorrhizal colonization, plant biomass, and mineral nutrition, we sequenced the ITS region of the rDNA to assess the chickpea mycobiome and identify key fungal taxa potentially responding to AMF inoculation. Our results showed that AMF inoculation had a stronger effect on chickpea aboveground biomass, in addition to mineral nutrition; whereas P fertilization had a more profound effect on belowground traits. Specifically, AMF promoted shoot (p = 0.06), root (p = 0.001), and total aboveground biomass (p = 0.01), while P fertilization enhanced root biomass (p = 0.02), in addition to root diameter (p = 0.007), root volume (p = 0.01), and root length (p = 0.08). Furthermore, the total P (p = 0.05) and Na contents (p = 0.09) were enhanced in the aboveground biomass by AMF inoculation. ITS metabarcoding revealed Ascomycota as the dominant phylum in both roots and soil biotopes, followed by Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mucoromycota, and Rozellomycota. Ten ASVs were significantly impacted by AMF inoculation in chickpea roots, including important plant pathogens belonging to Didymella, Fusarium, Neocosmospora, and Stagonosporopsis. Surprisingly, a correlation was established between shoot biomass and some fungal taxa that were differentially abundant in roots. This study confirms the significance of AMF inoculation not for only improving chickpeas’ growth and mineral nutrition in semi-arid conditions but also for shaping plants’ fungal community composition, thereby promoting resilience against both biotic and abiotic stressors
Analysis of “Yes” Responses to Uniformed Police Marching in Pride: Perspectives From LGBTQ+ Communities in St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
No full textRecently, a number of Canadian police forces have been banned from Pride parades. A ban on uniformed police in these parades has proven to be contentious; the general public and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and plus (LGBTQ+) communities have been split on the issue. Limited research has examined the perspectives of the general population or, until now, LGBTQ+ people on this matter. Using an online survey designed to gather ideas or opinions of LGBTQ+ community members regarding their hopes, aspirations, and vision for the St. John’s Pride board, 181 LGBTQ+ respondents responded to this question: Should the police be allowed to march in uniform at the St. John’s Pride parade? In total, 92 (51%) said “Yes.” A critical analysis of their qualitative responses revealed four interrelated themes: (a) power of Pride, (b) “they are we and we are they,” (c) “the police are on our side,” and (d) taking back Pride. Implications of the findings for police-LGBTQ+ community relations are discussed.Memorial University Open Access Author's Fun
HIV prevention and treatment interventions for black men who have sex with men in Canada: a protocol for a scoping systematic review
No full textIntroduction Globally, rates of HIV are disproportionately high among black men who have sex with men (MSM). In Canada, race, gender and sexuality have been investigated as separate factors that influence quality of care within and progression along the HIV care continuum. Traditional compartmental approaches to synthesising the HIV care continuum literature do not sufficiently account for intersectional experiences and marginalisation of Black MSM (BMSM). Moreover, there is limited research outlining access to and quality of care as specific barriers to progression along the care continuum among BMSM in Canada.Objectives The primary objective of this scoping review is to assess the state of the science regarding the influence of access to and quality of HIV care continuum outcomes for BMSM in Canada.Methods and analysis We will conduct a systematic search of published literature of quantitative and qualitative studies published on Canadian BMSM’s healthcare and HIV status. The searches will be conducted through MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Library, the NHUS Economic Development Database, Global Health, APA PsychInfo, PubMed and Web of Science.Eligibility criteria Eligible studies will include data on black MSM living with or without HIV in Canada and must be published after 1983 in either English or French. Screening and data extraction will be conducted in duplicate. Any discrepancies that arise will be resolved by consulting a third author. The findings will subsequently be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval is not required as secondary published data will be used. Our findings will be disseminated as peer-reviewed manuscripts, at conferences, student rounds and could be of interest to government health agencies and HIV/AIDS service organisations
Pengembangan E-Modul IPA Berbasis 5D Thinking Terintegrasi Islam Dalam Menyongsong SDGS 2025
No full textThis research was motivated by the scarcity of teaching materials in the form of e-modules based on 5D Thinking at MTsN 1 Pekanbaru City. Science learning often relies on textbooks as learning material, while the use of modules or electronic modules (E-Modules) is still limited. The use of teaching materials has an important role in the smooth process of teaching and learning science in the classroom. Utilizing this teaching material has many advantages, including encouraging students to improve their independent learning skills with the help of learning videos and photos that can be accessed via barcode. This research aims to produce science/MTs e-module teaching materials based on 5D Thinking on the structure of the earth and its development. The research was carried out by the author using the research and development method with the Plomp development model. This research step consists of 3 stages, namely the initial investigation phase (preliminary research), the prototype formation phase (prototyping stage), and the assessment phase (assessment phase). The data in this research is in the form of qualitative descriptive and quantitative descriptive data using validity questionnaires in the form of material validators, teaching material validators, Islamic values validators, science teacher practicality questionnaires, and responses from 29 students from class VIII. The validity results of the product developed were declared very valid based on validation results by learning materials experts with a score of 96%, teaching materials experts with a score of 97%, Islamic values integration experts with a score of 97%, with an overall average validity score of 96.6%. It was declared very practical by the teacher with a score of 96.25%, and declared very good by students with a score of 84.6%. Based on the assessment of limited test experts, the SMP/MTs science e-module based on 5D Thinking on earth structure material and its developments is suitable for use in science learning
